Selected Nasreddin Stories.docx

Selected Nasreddin Stories.docx

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SelectedNasreddinStories

IntroductiontoNasreddinHodja

该材料来自于：

TheCurriculumVitaeofNasreddinHoca（Hodja） 

Wit,commonsense,ingenuousness,ridicule...andthekindofhumorthatreflectshumanpsychology,exposestheshortcomingsofasociety,criticizesevenstateandreligiousaffairsyetalwayssettlesmattersamicablyaretheelementswhichtogethercreateaspecialkindoflogic,theNasreddinHodjalogic.Thesefeaturesofthestoriesmakethe13thcenturycharacterNasreddinHodjaimmortal.Thereforeitisnotanexaggerationtoconsiderhimoneofthemainbuildingblocksoffolkthought,andhishumor,oneofthebestintheworld.

Yet,itshouldbepointedoutthatthesestoriesarerelatedneithertoNasreddinHodjahimselfnortohishistoricalpersonality.Inotherwords,overthecenturiesmanynewstorieswherehewasusedasthemaincharacterhaveemerged,enrichingthecollectionwehavetoday.Accordingtocertainstories,HodjawasacontemporaryofTamerlane,whoinvadedAnatoliaatthebeginningofthe15thcentury,andaccordingtotheothers,helivedeitherbeforeoraftertheageofTamerlane.Today,westilldonothavehistoricaldocumentsthatrelateHodja'slifeandhispersonalityindepth.

Thedate386foundinscribedonagravestoneattractedalotofattention.Consideringhishumor,thedatewasreadbackwards.Theyear683oftheIslamiccalendarcorrespondstotheyears1284-1285.Otherdocumentswereusedtosupportthetheorythathediedsometimeintheyears1284-1285.Oneofthemostreliabledocumentisthedate1383（796intheIslamiccalendar）foundinscribedonthewallofhistombinAksehir.ItindicatesthatHodjadiedbefore1393andhistombhadbeenvisitedforyears.

Ourtown,Sivrihisar;ofthecityofEskisehirisacceptedasthebirthplaceofHodja.Agravestonedated1327foundinSivrihisar,belongstohisdaughterFatimaandindicatesthatshelived43moreyearsafterhisdeath.

TheoldestNasreddinHodjastoryisfoundinthebookcalled"Saltukname"writtenin1480,whichalsocontainsotherfolkstoriesandlegends.Itisstatedin"Saltukname"thatHodjawasborninSivrihisarandthatthenativesofSivrihisarwerefamousfortheirstrangebehaviorandingenousness.

ThedifferentbehaviorofthenativesofSivrihisarisalsomentionedinahandwrittenstorybookinBibliotequeNationaleinParis.ThesedocumentsareconsideredproofofhisbirthinSivrihisar（andhowfunnywecanbe:

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NasreddinHodjaminiaturetakenfromaXVIIthcenturyhandwrittenbook（TopkapiPalaceMuseumLibraryCat.No.2142）.

Basedontheabovementioneddocumentsandcertainstories,followingisthelifestoryofNasreddinHodja:

HewasborninthevillageofHortuofSivrihisaranddiedin1284inAksehir,aprovinceofKonya,wherehistombis.Hisfatherwastheimam（religiousleader）ofthevillage.Nasr-ed-Din,or"VictoryoftheFaith",wasthenamegivenbyhisparentstotheauthorofthetales,andHodja,meaning"Master"or"Teacher"isthehonorifictitlewhichhesubsequentlyacquired.HewassentatanearlyagetobetaughttheessentialsofMohammedanreligiousandlegallearningaccordingtotheHanafiyaschoolinKonya.Hequalifiedthustobeaschoolmasterandan"Imam";leaderofpublicprayersintheMosque,andhealsobecamea"Kadi";magistratedispensingMohammedanCanonLaw,whichwasintheorytheonlylawoftheland,temperedthoughitmightbefrequentlybyweightierconsiderationsofamaterialorder.

ItisobviousthatHodjawasawittymanwithsenseofhumorandhewasagoodconversationalist.Yet,basedonmostofthestoriesitiswrongtoassumethateverythinghesaidwashumorous.Overtheyears,thenumberofNasreddinHodjastoriesincreasedsignificantlysincehewasusedasthemaincharacterinthenewstoriesaboutotherpeople.Amongthese,therearesomethatareeasilyrecognizedasnotauthenticNasreddinHodjastories.Wecan,therefore,saythatHodjaandhisstorieswerecreatedbythenativesofAnatoliainthe13thcentury,andthecreationhaslastedforcenturies.Today,thesestoriesbelongtoallTurkishpeople.

ThethemesofthestoriescovernotjusttheagewhenNasreddinHodjalivedbutalsotheadventuresofTurkishpeopleoverthecenturies.Asoneofourwriterssaid"NasreddinHodjaistheonlypersonwholivedbothbeforehisbirthandafterhisdeath.TherearemanyhistoricalandsocialpersonalitieswhokeptonlivingaftertheirdeathbuttheonlypersononearthwholivedbeforehisbirthisNasreddinHodja".Therefore,sociallife,theshortcomingsofsociallife,differencesbetweentherulingclassandthecommonpeople,famines,thethousandfacesofdailylife,mantoman,mantoobject,mantoanimalrelationsarethedifferentthemesofthestoriesandinallofthesestoriesNasreddinHo