初中一年级英语语法汇总.docx
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初中一年级英语语法汇总
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2、代词
项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词
人称主格宾格形容词名词性
第一人称单数Imemyminemyself
复数weusouroursourselves
第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself
复数youyouyouryoursyourselves
第三人称单数sheherherhersherself
hehimhishishimself
itititsitsthisthatitself
复数theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves
3、动词
A)第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:
一)一般在词后加s。
如:
comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains
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二)在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。
如:
watches,washes,wishes,finishes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。
如:
study-studies,hurry-hurries,
try-tries
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。
如:
plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys
四)以o结尾加es。
如:
does,goes
五)特殊的有:
are-is,have-has
B)现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。
如:
spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,
play-playing,
hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。
如:
dance-dancing,wake-waking,
take-taking,
practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show–
showing,
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draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。
如:
put-putting,run-running,
get-getting,
let-letting,begin-beginning
四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。
如:
tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位
于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。
构成如下:
一)一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。
如:
greater-greatest,
shorter–shortest,
taller–tallest,longer–longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest
二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer
fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。
如:
big-biggerbiggest,red-redder
reddest,hot-hotterhottest
三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。
如:
happy-happierhappiest,
sorry-sorriersorriest,
friendly-friendlierfriendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busier
busiest,easy-easiereasiest
四)特殊情况:
(两好多坏,一少老远)
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good/well-betterbestmany/much-moremostbad/ill–worseworst
little-lessleastold-older/elderoldest/eldestfar-farther/further
farthest/furthest
5、数词
(
基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接
th;
y结尾,变为i,eth跟上去。
)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;
twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth
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二、句式
1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句a)Thisisabook.(be动词)
b)Helooksveryyoung.(连系动词)
c)Iwantasweatlikethis.(实义动词)
d)Icanbringsomethingstoschool.(情态动词)
e)There’sacomputeronmydesk.(Therebe结构)
否定陈述句a)Thesearen’ttheirbooks.
b)Theydon’tlooknice.
c)Katedoesn’tgotoNo.4MiddleSchool.
d)Katecan’tfindherdoll.
e)Thereisn’tacathere.(=There’snocathere.)
2.祈使句
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肯定祈使句a)Pleasegoandasktheman.
b)Let’slearnEnglish!
c)Comein,please.
否定祈使句a)Don’tbelate.
b)Don’thurry.
3.疑问句
1)一般疑问句a)IsJimastudent?
b)CanIhelpyou?
c)Doesshelikesalad?
d)DotheywatchTV?
e)Isshereading?
肯定回答:
a)Yes,heis.
b)Yes,youcan.
c)Yes,shedoes.
d)Yes,theydo.
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e)Yes,sheis.
否定回答:
a)No,heisn’t.
b)No,youcan’t.
c)No,shedoesn’t.
d)No,theydon’t.
e)No,sheisn’t.
2)选择疑问句Isthetablebigorsmall?
回答It’sbig./It’ssmall.
3)特殊疑问句
①问年龄HowoldisLucy?
Sheistwelve.
②问种类Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?
Ilikeactionmoviesandcomedies.
③问身体状况Howisyouruncle?
Heiswell/fine.
④问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?
L-doubleO-K.
Howdowecontactyou?
Mye-mailaddressiscindyjones@.
⑤问原因Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?
⑥问时间What’sthetime?
(=Whattimeisit?
)It’saquartertotena.m..
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Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?
Atfiveo’clock.
Whendoyouwanttogo?
Let’sgoat7:
00.
⑦问地方Where’smybackpack?
It’sunderthetable.
⑧问颜色Whatcolorarethey?
Theyarelightblue.
What’syourfavouritecolor?
It’sblack.
⑨问人物Who’sthat?
It’smysister.
Whoistheboyinblue?
Mybrother.
Whoisn’tatschool?
PeterandEmma.
WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?
⑩问东西What’sthis/that(inEnglish)?
It’sapencilcase.
Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?
Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesand
hamburgers.
11问姓名What’syouraunt’sname?
HernameisHelen./She’sHelen.
What’syourfirstname?
Myfirstname’sBen.
What’syourfamilyname?
Myfamilyname’sSmith.
12问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?
Ilikeoneinthebox.
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13问字母Whatletterisit?
It’sbigD/smallf.
14问价格Howmucharethesepants?
They’re15dollars.
15问电话号码What’syourphonenumber?
It’s576-8349.
16问谓语(动作)What’shedoing?
He’swatchingTV.
17问职业(身份)Whatdoyoudo?
I’mateacher.
What’syourfather?
He’sadoctor.
三、时态
Be动词:
She’saworker.Issheaworker?
Sheisn’taworker.
情态动词:
Icanplaythepiano.Canyouplaythepiano?
Ican’tplaythepiano.
行为动词:
Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.Dotheywanttoeatanytomatoes?
Theydon’twanttoeatanytomatoes.
Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatch?
Ginadoesn’thaveawatch.
2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sbbev-ing
sth+其它.
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I’mplayingbaseball.Areyouplayingbaseball?
I’mnotplayingbaseball.
Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletter?
Nancyisn’twritinga
letter.
They’relisteningtothepopmusic.Aretheylisteningthepopmusic?
Theyaren’tlisteningtothepopmusic.