船舶专业英语.docx

船舶专业英语.docx

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船舶专业英语

船舶专业英语

Bulkcarriersaresingle-deckvesselswhichtransportsingle-commoditycargoessuchas

grain,sugarandoresinbulk.Thecargo-carryingsectionoftheshipisdividedintoholdsortankswhichmayhaveanynumberofarrangements,dependingupontherangeofcargoestobecarried.Combinationcarriersarebulkcarriersdesignedforflexibility（灵活性）ofoperationandableto

transportanyoneofseveralbulkcargoesonanyonevoyage,e.g.oreorcrudeoilordrybulk

cargo.

Thegeneral-purposebulkcarrier,inwhichusuallythecentralholdsection

onlyisusedforcargo.Thepartitioned（隔

开、分割）tankswhichsurrounditare

usedforballastpurposeseitheronballastvoyagesor,inthecaseofthesaddle（鞍

型）tanks,toraisetheship’scenterofgravitywhenalowdensitycargoiscarried.Someofthedouble-bottomtanksmaybe

usedforfueloilandfreshwater.Thesaddletanksalsoservetoshapetheupper

regionofthecargoholdandtrimthe

cargo.Largehatchwaysareafeatureof

bulkcarriers,sincetheyreducecargo-handlingtimeduringloadingandunloading.

Anorecarrierhastwolongitudinalbulkheadswhichdividethecargosectionintowingtanksportandstarboard,and

thecenterholdwhichisusedforore.Thehighdoublebottomisafeatureofore

carriers.Onballastvoyagesthewing

tanksanddoublebottomsprovideballastcapacity.Onloadedvoyagestheoreis

carriedinthecentralhold,andthehighdoublebottomservestoraisethecenterofgravityofthisverydensecargo.Thevessel’sbehaviouratseaisthusmuchimproved.Twolongitudinalbulkheadsareemployedtodividetheshipintocenterandwingtankswhichareusedforthecarriageofoilcargoes.Whenoreiscarried,onlythecentertanksectionisusedforcargo.Adoublebottomisfittedbeneaththecentertankbutisusedonlyforwaterballast.Thebulkheadsandhatchesmustbeoiltight（油

密的）.

舷侧side底部bottom舭部bilge甲板deck舱口盖hatchcover

Largehatchesarefeaturesofallbulkcarriers,tofacilitaterapidsimplecargohandling.Alargeproportionofbulkcarriersdonotcarrycargo-handling

equipment,becausetheytradebetween

specialterminals（终点）whichhave

particularequipmentforloadingandunloadingbulkcommodities.The

availabilityofcargo-handlinggeardoes

increasetheflexibilityofavesselandforthisreasonitissometimesfitted.Combinationcarriershandlingoilcargoeshavetheirowncargopumps,piping

systems,etc.,fordischargingoil.

Deadweightcapacitiesrangefromsmallto150,000tonsdependingupontypeofcargo,etc..Speedsareintherangeof12-16knots.

Thecontainershipis,asitsnameimplies,designedforthecarriageofcontainers.Acontainerisare-usableboxof2,435mm

by2,435mmsection（截面）,withlengthsof6,055mm,9,125mm

and12,190mm.Containersareinuseformostgeneralcargoes,andliquid-carryingversions（样式，版本）alsoexist.Inaddition,

refrigeratedmodelsareinuse.Block分段10000TEU

1）Thecargo-carryingsectionoftheshipisdividedintoseveralholdswhichhavehatchopeningsthefullwidthandlengthofthe

hold.2）Thecontainersareracked（放在）inspecialframeworks

andstacked（堆放）oneupontheotherwithintheholdspace.3）

Cargohandlingthereforeconsistsonlyofverticalmovementofthecargointhehold.4）Containerscanalsobestackedonthehatch

coverswherealowdensitycargoiscarried.

Thesewingtanksmaybeutilizedforwaterballastandcanbe

arrangedtocounter（驳回;反方向;还击）theheeling（横倾）ofthe

shipwhendischargingcontainers.Adoublebottomisalsofittedwhich

addstothelongitudinalstrengthandprovidesadditionalballastspace.

Accommodationandmachineryspacesareusuallylocatedaftto

providethemaximumlengthoffull-bodiedshipforcontainerstowage（储存）.

Containershipsizesvaryconsiderablywithcontainer-carrying

capacitiesfrom100tonsto2000tonsormore.Asspecialistcarrierstheyaredesignedforrapidtransitsandarehighpowered,highspeedvesselswithspeedsupto30knots.Someofthelargervesselshavetriple-screw

propulsion（三螺旋桨动力装置）arrangements.

MobileDrillingPlatforms

Theunderwatersearchhasbeenmadepossibleonlybyvastimprovementsinoffshoretechnology（近海工程技术）.Drillers

（钻井平台）firsttooktotheseawithland

rigs（陆用钻机）mountedonbargestowedtolocationandanchored（锚泊）orwithfixed

platformsaccompaniedbyatendership（供

应船）（Fig.1）.

Fig.1Offshorefixeddrillingplatform

Awidevarietyofrigplatformshassinceevolved,somedesignedtocopewithspecifichazardsoftheseaandothersfor

moregeneralwork.Allnewtypesstress

characteristicsofmobilityandthecapabilityforworkinevendeeperwater.

Theworld’smobileplatformcanbedividedintofourmaingroupings:

self-elevating（jack-up）platforms（自升

式）,submersibles（坐底）,

semisubmersibles,andfloatingdrillships.

（a）

Fig.1Offshorefixeddrillingplatform

（b）

Fig.2Offshoreself-elevatingdrillingplatform.

（a）----Underwaterdesign（b）-----self-elevatingdrillingplatform

Fig.3Offshoresemisubmersibledrilling

platform

Semisubmersibles（Fig.3）areaversionofsubmersibles.Theycanworkas

bottom-supportedunitsorindeepwaterasfloaters.Theirkeyvirtueisthewiderangeofwaterdepthsinwhichtheycanoperate,plusthefactthat,whenworkingasfloaters,theirprimarybuoyancyliesbelowtheactionofthewaves,thusprovidinggreatstability.The“semis”arethemostrecent

oftherig-typeplatforms.

Fig.4Floatingdrillship.Suchshipscandrillindepthsfrom60to1000f（18to300m）

ormore

Byfarthemostcommontypeoffixed

offshorestructureinexistencetodayis

thetemplate（导管架平台）,orjacket,

structureillustratedinFig.1.Thistypeofstructureconsistsofaprefabricatedsteel

substructure（预制钢制导管架）that

extendsfromtheseafloortoabovethewatersurfaceandaprefabricatedsteel

decklocatedatopthesubstructure.Thedeckissupportedbypipepiles（柱桩）

driventhroughthelegs（柱腿）ofthe

substructureintotheseafloor.Thesepilesnotonlyprovidesupportforthedeckbutalsofixthestructureinplaceagainstlateralloadings（侧向载荷）fromwind,

waves,andcurrents.

Theconstructionandinstallationofatemplatestructureplaysacentralroleinitsdesign.Thesubstructureisusuallyprefabricatedonitssideatawatersidefacilityandthenplacedhorizontallyonabargeandtowedtoitsoffshorelocation.Attheinstallationsite,thesubstructureisthen

slidoff（滑下去）thebargeanduprighted

withthehelpofaderrickbarge（起重船）

andallowedtosinkverticallytotheseafloor.Oncethesubstructureisinplace,

pipepilesareinsertedthroughitslegsanddrivenintotheseafloorbymeansofapilesdriversupportedonasurfacevessel.Afterthepilesaredriventopredetermineddepths,theyarecutoffatthetopofthesubstructureandtheprefabricateddeck

stabbedintothepilesandconnectedwith

field

2.27

1、句子听写

1）油轮的装货段被纵、横舱壁分成了几个独立的液货舱。

2）首尾尖舱用来装压载水。

3）污水舱一般设置在装货段的后面，装载航行时用来装燃油。

4）集装箱被一个接着一个地堆放在干货舱里。

5）设置双层底是为了增加纵向强度和提供附加的压载空间。