最新国际经济学作业答案第十章.docx

最新国际经济学作业答案第十章.docx

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最新国际经济学作业答案第十章

1Chapter10TradeinDevelopingCountries

1⏹ MultipleChoiceQuestions

1.Theinfantindustryargumentwasanimportanttheoreticalbasisfor

（a）Neo-colonialisttheoryofinternationalexploitation.

（b）Import-substitutingindustrialization.

（c）HistoriographyoftheindustrialrevolutioninWesternEurope.

（d）East-Asianmiracle.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

2.Sophisticatedtheoreticalargumentssupportingimport-substitutionpoliciesinclude

（a）Termsoftradeeffects.

（b）Scaleeconomyarguments.

（c）Learningcurveconsiderations.

（d）Theproblemofappropriability.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

D

3.Generalequilibriumconsiderationsleadtotherealizationthatimport-substitutingpolicieshave

aneffectof

（a）Discouragingexports.

（b）Encouragingexports.

（c）Encouraginganefficientuseofacountry’sresources.

（d）Generatinglargetariffrevenuesforthegovernment

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

A

4.Historicallythosefewdevelopingcountrieswhichhavesucceededinsignificantlyraisingtheir

per-capitaincomelevels

（a）Didnotaccomplishthiswithimport-substitutingindustrialization.

（b）Didaccomplishthiswithimport-substitutingindustrialization.

（c）Tendedtoprovideheavyprotectiontodomesticindustrialsectors.

（d）Favoredindustrialtoagriculturalorservicesectors.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

A

5.Statisticalevidencesuggeststhat

（a）Freetradepoliciespromoteeconomicgrowthmoreeffectivelythandoimportsubstitutionpolicies.

（b）Importsubstitutingpoliciestendtopromoteeffectiveexploitationofscaleeconomies.

（c）Importsubstitutiontendstoleadtorelativelyloweffectiveratesofprotection.

（d）ImportsubstitutionistothisdaythepreferredgrowthstrategypromotedbytheWorldBank.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

A

6.ThegrowthsuccessesofthehighperformanceAsianeconomies

（a）Supportsthebeliefthateconomicdevelopmentrequiresimportsubstitutionpolicies.

（b）Rejectsthebeliefthatexport-orientedindustrializationislikelytopromoteeconomicdevelopment.

（c）Rejectsthebeliefthateconomicdevelopmentrequiresimportsubstitutionpolicies.

（d）Suggeststhatfreetradepoliciesarerequiredforsuccessfuleconomicdevelopment.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

7.ThehighcorrelationbetweenrapidgrowthinexportsandrapideconomicgrowthobservedinseveralEastAsiacountriesinrecentdecadesprovesthat

（a）Exportpromotingtradepolicyleadstorelativelyrapideconomicgrowth.

（b）Afree-tradeorientationoftradepolicyresultsinrapideconomicgrowth.

（c）Exportshelpgrowth,whereasimportsimpedegrowth.

（d）Tradepolicyisperhapsthemostimportantpolicyareaforpromotionofeconomicdevelopment.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

E

8.TherelativelyrapideconomicgrowthexperiencedbyChileinthelate1980s

（a）SupportedtheconventionalLatinAmericanrelianceonimportsubstitution.

（b）ReliedontheHarris-Todaromodeltoexplainthisgrowth.

（c）RejectedtheconventionalLatinAmericanrelianceonimportsubstitution.

（d）Demonstratedtheimportanceofmarketfailureasareasonforimportsubstitution.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

9.Whichofthefollowingcouldexplainwhythetermsoftradeofdevelopingcountriesmightdeteriorateovertime?

（a）Developingcountryexportsconsistmainlyofmanufacturedgoods

（b）Developingcountryexportsconsistmainlyofprimaryproducts.

（c）Commodityexportpricesaredeterminedinhighlycompetitivemarkets.

（d）Commodityexportpricesaresolelydeterminedbydevelopingcountries.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

10.Whichtradestrategyhavedevelopingcountriesusedtorestrictimportsofmanufacturedgoodssothatthedomesticmarketispreservedforhomeproducers,whothuscantakeovermarketsalreadyestablishedinthecountry?

（a）Internationalcommodityagreement.

（b）Exportpromotion.

（c）Multilateralcontract.

（d）Importsubstitution.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

D

11.Tohelpdevelopingcountriesexpandtheirindustrialbase,someindustrialcountrieshavereducedtariffsondesignatedmanufacturedimportsfromdevelopingcountriesbelowthelevelsappliedtoimportsfromindustrialcountries.Thispolicyiscalled

（a）Export-ledgrowth.

（b）Generalizedsystemofpreferences.

（c）MostFavoredNation.

（d）Reciprocaltradeagreement.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

12.Whichindustrializationpolicyusedbydevelopingcountriesplacesemphasisonthecomparativeadvantageprincipleasaguidetoresourceallocation?

（a）Exportpromotion.

（b）Importsubstitution.

（c）Internationalcommodityagreements.

（d）InfantIndustrypromotion.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

A

13.TaiwanandSouthKoreaareexamplesofdevelopingnationsthathaverecentlypursuedtheseindustrializationpolicies

（a）Importsubstitution.

（b）Exportpromotion.

（c）Commercialdumping.

（d）Multilateralcontract.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

14.Tohelpdevelopingnationsstrengthentheirinternationalcompetitiveness,manyindustrialnationshavegrantedtariffreductionstodevelopingnationsunderthe

（a）Internationalcommodityagreementsprogram.

（b）Multilateralcontractprogram.

（c）Generalizedsystemofpreferencesprogram.

（d）Exportledgrowthprogram

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

15.Areasonwhyitisdifficultfordevelopingcountriestomaintainacartelisthat

（a）Theelasticityofdemandforacartel’soutputdecreasesovertime.

（b）Producersinthecartelhaveaneconomicincentivetocheat.

（c）Economicprofitsdiscourageotherproducersfromenteringtheindustry.

（d）Producersinthecartelhavethemotivationtolowerpricesbutnottoraiseprices.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

16.Importsubstitutionpoliciesmakeuseof

（a）Tariffsthatdiscouragegoodsfromenteringacountry.

（b）Quotasappliedtogoodsthatareshippedabroad.

（c）Productionsubsidiesgrantedtoindustrieswithcomparativeadvantage.

（d）Taxbreaksgrantedtoindustrieswithcomparativeadvantage.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

A

17.Export-ledgrowthtendsto

（a）Discouragecompetitionintheglobaleconomy.

（b）Exploitdomesticcomparativeadvantages.

（c）Leadtounemploymentamongdomesticworkers.

（d）Helpfirmsbenefitfromdiseconomiesoflarge-scaleproduction.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

18.Allthefollowingnationsexcept_______haverecentlyutilizedexport-ledgrowthpolicies.

（a）HongKong

（b）SouthKorea

（c）Argentina

（d）Singapore

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

19.ThedevelopmentofcountrieslikeSouthKoreahasbeensupportedbyallofthefollowingexcept.

（a）Highdomesticinterestrates.

（b）Highdomesticsavingrates.

（c）Largeendowmentsofhumancapital.

（d）Highlevelsoflaborproductivity.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

A

20.Formostdevelopingcountries

（a）Productivityishighamongdomesticworkers.

（b）Populationgrowthandilliteracyratesarelow

（c）Savingandinvestmentlevelsarehigh

（d）Agriculturalgoodsandrawmaterialsconstituteahighproportionofdomesticoutput.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

D

21.In2003,theper-capitaincomeinChinawasroughly_____ofthatintheU.S.

（a）onehundredth

（b）Oneeighth

（c）Onehalf

（d）Thesameas

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

22.The“EastAsianMiracle”is

（a）Theabilityofsomanypeopletoliveinsuchsmallareas.

（b）ThefactthatsomanyInfluenzavarietiesoriginatefromthisregion.

（c）Thefactthatpoordualisticeconomiesmanagedtoescapetheviciouscircleofpoverty.

（d）TheabilitytomaintainlargepositivetradebalanceswiththeU.S.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

23.Theinfantindustryargumentisthat

（a）Comparativeadvantageisirrelevanttoeconomicgrowth

（b）Developingcountrieshaveacomparativeadvantageinagriculturalgoods.

（c）Developingcountrieshaveacomparativeadvantageinmanufacturing.

（d）Developingcountrieshaveapotentialcomparativeadvantageinmanufacturing.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

D

24.Theinfantindustryargumentcallsforactivegovernmentinvolvement

（a）Onlyifthegovernmentforecastsareaccurate.

（b）Onlyifsomemarketfailurecanbeidentified.

（c）Onlyiftheindustryisnotonealreadydominatedbyindustrialcountries.

（d）Onlyiftheindustryhasahighvalueadded.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

25.Theimperfectcapitalmarketjustificationforinfantindustrypromotion

（a）Assumesthatnewindustrieswilltendtohavelowprofits.

（b）Assumesthatinfantindustrieswillsoonmature.

（c）Assumesthatinfantindustrieswillbeinproductsofcomparativeadvantage.

（d）Assumesthatbankscanallocateresourcesefficiently.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

A

26.Brazil’sexportrecordin1999illustratedtheprinciplethat

（a）Alargecountrywilltendtohavefewexports.

（b）Asmallcountrywilltendtohaveahighexportratio.

（c）Protectionistpoliciestendtodiscourageexports.

（d）Export-promotingpoliciesdonottendtowork.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

27.Thedisappointmentwithimport-substitutionpoliciesisinpartbecause

（a）TherapidandcontinuousgrowthrecordofSouthAmericancountries.

（b）Manycountriespursuingthisstrategyexperiencedstagnationintheirgrowth.

（c）Thispolicyisinconsistentwithsophisticatedeconomicgrowthmodels.

（d）Thispolicytendedtocreateworld-classindustrialcompetitors.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

28.Importsubstitutionpolicieshaveovertimetendedtoinvolveallbutthefollowing

（a）Overlappingimportquotas.

（b）Exchangecontrols.

（c）Domesticcontentrules.

（d）Simpletariffs.

（e）Multipleexchangerateschemes.

Answer:

D

29.Anefficienteconomywouldsetthemarginalproductinthetraditionalsector

（a）Lowerthant