高考英语听力全国卷.docx
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高考英语听力全国卷
1EducationinChina
EducationinChinatodayhasbeendevelopingrapidly./Inmanyprovinces,itiscompulsoryandfree./Mostchildrenstartschoolattheageofsix./Theyattend5yearsofelementaryschooland6yearsofhighschool./Aftergraduationfromhighschool,astudentcanstarthishighereducation/inatwo-yearcollege,afour-yearcollege,auniversity,oraspecializedprofessionalschool./Mostcollegesadmitstudentsonthebasisoftheirentranceexaminationrecords./Thecostofacollegeeducationisnotveryhigh./Andthegreaterpartofitismetbytheirfamilies,thoughstudentscangetsupportfromtheircollege./Manystudentsreceivescholarshipsfromtheschool,/thegovernment,orprivatefoundationsandorganizations./ThoughgreatprogresshasbeenmadeinChinainthefieldofeducation,/thereisstillacomparativelylargepartofthepopulation/inthecountrywhocannotreadandwrite.
Words&Expressions
1compulsory:
sthmustbedonebyalaworarule.
----op:
optional
2attend:
togotoaplaceregularly
3elementary:
inorconnectedwiththefirststagesofacourseofstudy
4scholarship:
anamountofmoneygiventosbbyanorganizationtohelppayfortheireducation
5comparatively:
ascomparedtosth.
2Dreams
Dreamsareaproductofthesleeper’smind./Theyincludeeventsandfeelingsthathehasexperienced./Mostdreamsarerelatedtoeventsofthedaybeforethedreamsandthestrongwishesofthedreamer./Manyminorincidentsofthehoursbeforesleepappearindreams./Feweventsmorethantwodaysoldturnup./Deepwishesorfears,especiallythoseheldsincechildhood,oftenappearindreams,andmanydreamsfulfillsuchwishes./Eventsinthesleeper’ssurroundings,aloudnoise,forexample,maybecomepartofadream,buttheydonotcausedreams./Somedreamsinvolvedeepfeelingsthatapersonmaynotrealizehehas./Psychiatristsoftenusematerialfromapatient’sdreamstohelpthepersonunderstandhimselfbetter./Dreamingmayhelpmaintaingoodlearningability,memory,andemotionaladjustment.
Words&Expressions
1minor:
smaller,lessimportant
2:
incident:
event,esp.oneoflessimportancethanothers
3:
appear:
comeintoview,becomevisible
4fulfill:
performorcompleteatask,duty,etc.
5emotional:
oforrelatingtoemotion
6psychiatrist:
theexpertinthefieldofpsychology.
3Emotions
Accordingtopsychologists,anemotionisarousedwhenamanoranimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood.Whenapersonfeelslikerunningawayfromsomethinghethinkswillhurthim,wecallthisemotionfear.Ifthepersonwantstoremovethedangerbyattackingit,wecalltheemotionanger.Theemotionsofjoyandlovearearousedwhenwethinksomethingcanhelpus.Anemotiondoesnothavetobecreatedbysomethingintheoutsideworld.Itcanbecreatedbyaperson’sthoughts.Everyonehasemotions,butmanypsychologistsbelievethatinfantsareobrewithoutemotions.Theybelievechildrenlearnemotionsjustastheylearntoreadandwrite.Agrowingchildnotonlylearnshisemotionsbutlearnshowtoactincertainsituationsbecauseofanemotions.
Words&Expressions
1psychologist:
studentoforexpertinpsychology
2emotion:
excitementordisturbanceofthemindorthefeelings
3remove:
takesth/sbawayfromoneplacetoanother
4attack:
makeaviolentattempttohurt,overcomeordefeatsb/sth
5arouse:
causetoappear,awaken
4Re-employmentofLaid-offWorkers
Theissueofre-employmenthasemerged(出现)withlargenumbersofsurpluslabourershavingbeenlaidoff.Thereisnodoubtthatitwouldleadtoendlesstroubleifthesurpluswerenotreorganizedproperly.Inordertomaintain(获得)socialstabilityandtosecurepeople’snormallivingstandards(生活水平),itisessential(必要的)toworkoutsolutionstotheproblem.Solvingtheproblemisatwo-wayoperationasfarasthegovernmentandworkersareconcerned.Ontheonehand,thegovernmentatalllevelsshouldtryeverypossiblemeanstocreateawiderangeofemploymentoptionsopentolaid-offworkers;ontheotherhand,theseworkersoughtnottositidleandwaitforopportunitiestocome.Solongastheydon’tloseheartandconstantlystrivetobetterthemselves,theirfutureswillbebright.
Words&Expressions
1re-employment:
actofemployingagain
2surplus:
amountleftoverafteronehasusedallthatoneneeds,amountbywhichmoneyreceivedisgreaterthanmoneyspent/过剩的,多余的
3stability:
qualityorstateofbeingstable/
4concern:
beaboutsth;haveasasubject
5constantly:
continuously,frequently
essential
laid-off
idle
5DescribingPeople
Faces,likefingerprints,areunique.Didyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforusrecognizepeople?
Evenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthatmakeonefacedifferentformanother.Yetaveryyoungchild---evenananimal,suchasapigeon---canlearntorecognizefaces.Wealltakethisabilityforgranted.Wealsotellpeopleapartbyhowtheybehave.
Whenwetalkaboutsomeone’spersonality,wemeanthewaysinwhichheorsheacts,speaks,thinksandfeelsthatmakethatindividualdifferentformothers.Likethehumanface,humanpersonalityisverycomplex.Butdescribingsomeone’spersonalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisface.Ifyouwereaskedtodescribewhaa“niceface”lookedlike,youprobablywouldhaveadifficulttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescribea“niceperson”,youmightbegintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskind,considerate,friendlyandwarm.
Words&Expressions
1fingerprint:
markmadebythetipofafingeronasurfaceandusedforidentifyingpeople,esp.criminals.指纹
2recognize:
knowsb/sthagain
3personality:
characteristicsandqualitiesofapersonseenasawhole
4describe:
saywhatsb/sthislike,depictsthinwords
5considerate:
carefulnottohurtorinconvenienceothers,thoughtful
6Physicalactivity
Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformofphysicalactivity.Itmightbewalking,cycling,orswimming,orinwinter,skatingorskiing.Itmightbeagameofsomekindlikefootball,hockey,golfortennis,oritmightbemountaineering.Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingtosuffercoldandhardship,andtotakerisksonhighmountains?
Thisastonishmentisprobablycausedbythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivitytowhichmengivetheirleisure.Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermorefamiliarsports,wemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthatmountaineeringisnota“teamsport”.Weshouldbemistakeninthis.Thereare,itistrue,no“matches”between“teams”ofclimbers.However,whenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydepend,thereisobviouslyteamwork.
Words&Expressions
1mountaineering:
climbingmountains
2passion:
strongfeeling,ofhatred,loveoranger.
3astonishment:
greatsurprise.
4leisure:
timefreefromworkorotherduties;sparetime
5compare:
examinepeopleorthingstoseehowthearealikeandhowtheyaredifferent.
7ThecleveranNasreddin
Anoldmandiedandlefthissonalotofmoney.Butthesonwasafoolishyoungman:
hequicklyspentallthemoney,andsoonhehadnothingleft.Ofcourse,whenthishappened,allhisfriendslefthim.Whenhewasquitepoorandalone,hewenttoseeNasreddin,whowasakind,cleveroldmanandoftenhelpedpeoplewhentheyhavetroubles.“Mymoneyisfinishedandmyfriendshavegone,”saidtheyoungman.“Whatwillhappentomenow?
”“Don’tworry,youngman,”answeredNasreddin,“Everythingwillsoonbeallrightagainandyouwillsoonfeelmuchhappier.”Theyoungmanwasveryglad.“AmIgoingtogetrichagainthen?
”heaskedNasreddin.“No,Ididn’tmeanthat,”saidtheoldman.“Imeantthatyouwouldsoongetusedtobeingpoorandtohavingnofriends.”
Words&Expressions
1foolish:
lackinggoodsenseorjudgment;silly
2happen:
occur(bychanceorotherwise);takeplace
3trouble:
inconvenience;bother
4finish:
comeorbringtoanend
5mean:
conveysth;signifysth
8Amanandhiscar
Amanwastravelingabroadinasmallredcar.Onedayhelefthiscarandwentshopping.Whenhecameback,itsroofwasbadlydamaged.Someboystoldhimthatanelephanthaddamagedit.Themandidnotbelievethem,buttheytookhimtoacircuswhichwasnearthere.Theowneroftheelephantsaid,“Iamverysorry!
Myelephanthasabig,round,redchair.Hethoughtthatyourcarwashischair,andhesatonit!
”Thenhegavethemanaletter,inwhichhesaidthathewassorryandthathewouldpayforallthedamage.Whenthemangotbacktohisowncountry,thecustomsofficerswouldnotbelievehisstory.Theysaid,“yousoldyournewcarwhileyouwereabroadandboughtthisoldone!
”Itwasonlywhenthemanshowedthemtheletterfromthemanatthecircusthattheybelievedhim.
Words&Expressions
1damage:
causedamageto
2circus:
travelingcompanyofentertainers,includingacrobats,riders,clownsandperforminganimals
3show:
causesb/sthtobeseen.Displaysb/sth
4abroad:
inortoaforeigncountryorcountries;awayfromone’sowncountry
5believe:
feelsureofthetruthof;acceptthestatementofsbastrue.
9thesun
alongtimeagopeoplethoughtthatthesunwentroundtheearth.Insomecountriespeopleevensaidthatthesunwasagod.Theythoughtthegoddroveacrosstheskyeachdayonagoldenhouse.Nowweknowtheearthgoesroundthesun.Ittakestheearthayeartogoallthewayroundthesun.Todaymenevenknowhowfaritisfortheearthtogoroundthesun.theytellusthattheearthtravelsoverathousandmilesa