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完整word版高考英语全国卷七选五历年真题docx
高考英语阅读专题练习七选五
北京卷2010
Muzak
Thenexttimeyougointoabank,astore,orasupermarket,stopandlisten.Whatdoyouhear?
71It'ssimilartothemusicyoulistento,butit'snotexactlythesame.That'sbecausethismusicwasespeciallydesignedtorelaxyou,ortogiveyouextraenergy.Sometimesyoudon'tevenrealizethemusicisplaying,butyoureacttothemusicanyway.
Quietbackgroundmusicusedtobecalled"elevator(电梯)music"becauseweoftenhearditin
elevators.Butlatelywehearitinmoreandmoreplaces,andithasanewnameMuzak"".Aboutone-thirdof
thepeopleinAmericalistento"Muzak"everyday.Themusicplaysfor15minutesatatime,withshortpausesinbetween.Itisalwaysmorelivelybetweentenandeleveninthemorning,andbetweenthreeand
fourintheafternoon,whenpeoplearemoretired.72
IfyoulistentoMuzakcarefully,youwillprobablyrecognizethenamesofmanyofthesongs.Somemusiciansorsongwritersdon'twanttheirsongstobeusedasMuzak,butothersarehappywhentheirsongsarechosen.Why?
73
Musicisoftenplayedinpublicplacesbecauseitisdesignedtomakepeoplefeellesslonelywhentheyareinanairportorahotel.IthasbeenproventhatMuzakdoeswhatitisdesignedtodo.TiredofficeworkerssuddenlyhavemoreenergywhentheyhearthepleasantsoundofMuzakinthebackground.74Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentmoregroceries.
75.Theysayit'sboringtohearthesamesongsallthetime.ButotherpeopleenjoyhearingMuzakinpublicplaces.Theysayithelpsthemrelaxandfeelcalm.Onewayoranother,Muzakaffectseveryone.SomefarmersevensaytheircowsgivemoremilkwhentheyhearMuzak!
A.Somepeopledon'tlikeMuzak.
B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.
C.Musicisplayinginthebackground.
D.Factoryworkersproduce13percentmore.
E.Muzaktendstohelppeopleunderstandmusicbetter.
F.Theygetasmuchas$4millionayeariftheirsongsareused.
G.Muzakisplayedinmostofthebigsupermarketsintheworld.
1
北京卷2011
Publicspeakingandcriticalthinking
Whatiscriticalthinking?
Toacertaindegree,it’逻s辑amatter)—ofbeingoflogic(abletospot
weaknessesinotherpeopleargument’sandtoavoidtheminyourown,italsoincludesrelatedskillssuch
asdistinguishingfactfromopinionandassessingthesoundnessofevidence.
Inthebroadsense,criticalthinkingisfocused,organizedthinking—theabilitytoseeclearlytheir
relationshipsamongideas.71Thegreatestthinkers,scientistsandinventorshaveoftentakentheir
informationthatwasreadilyavailableandputittogetherdifferentlytoproducenewideasthat,too,iscriticalthinking.
72Astheclassgoeson,forexample,youwillprobablyspendagooddealoftimeorganizingyourspeeches.Whilethismayseemlikeapurelymechanical(机械的)exercise,itiscloselyconnectedwithcriticalthinking.Ifthestructureofyourspeechislooseandconfused,chancesarethatyourthinkingisalsodisorderedandconfused.If,ontheotherhand,thestructureisclear,thereisagoodchanceyourthinkingistoo.Organizingaspeechisnotamatterofarrangingtheideasyoualreadyhave.73
Whatistrueoforganizationistrueofmanyaspectsofpublicspeaking.74Asyouworkon
expressingyourideasinclear,accuratelanguage,youwillimproveyourabilitytothinkclearlyand
accurately.75Asyoulearntolistencriticallytospeechesinclass.Youwillbebetterabletoassess
theideasofspeakersinavarietyofsituations.
Ifyoutakefulladvantageofyourspeechclass,youwillbeabletodevelopyourskillsascritical
thinkerinmanycircumstances.Thisisonereasonpublicspeakinghasbeenregardedasvitalpartof
educationsincethedaysofancientGreece.
A.Rather,itisanimportantpartofshapingtheideasthemselves.
B.Thismayseemlikealotoftime,buttherewardsarewellworthit.
C.Itmayalsohelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.
D.Ithasoftenbeensaidthattherearefewnewideasintheworld,onlyreorganizedideas.
E.Ifyouarewonderingwhatthishastodowithyourpublicspeakingclass,theanswerisquitealot.F.Theskillsyoulearninyourspeechclasscanhelpyoubecomeamoreeffectivethinkerinanumberofways.
G.Asyoustudytheroleofevidenceandreasoninginspeechmaking,youwillseehowtheycanbeusedinotherformsofcommunicationaswell.
2
北京卷2012
Empathy
Lastyear,researchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganreportedthatempathy,theabilitytounderstandotherpeople,amongcollegestudentshaddroppedsharplyoverthepast10years.__71__Today,peoplespendmoretimealoneandarelesslikelytojoingroupsandclubs.
JenniferFreed,aco-directorofateenprogram,hasanotherexplanation.TurnontheTV,andyou’reshoweredwithnewsandrealityshowsfullofpeoplefighting,competing,andgenerallytreatingoneanotherwithnorespect.__72__
Therearegoodreasonsnottofollowthosebadexamples.Humansaresociallyrelatedbynature.__73__Researchershavealsofoundthatempatheticteenagersaremorelikelytohavehighself-respect.Besides,empathycanbeacureforloneliness,sadness,anxiety,andfear.
Empathyisalsoanindicationofagoodleader.Infact,Freedsays,manytopcompaniesreportthatempathyisoneofthemostimportantthingstheylookforinnewmanagers.__74__Academicsareimportant“.Butifyoudon’thaveemotional(情感的)intelligence,youwon’tbeassuccessfulinworkorinyourlovelife,shesays.
What’sthebestwaytoupyourEQ情(商)?
Forstarters,letdownyourguardandreallylistentoothers.
__75__
Toreallydevelopempathy,you
’volunteerdbettatanursinghomeorahospital,joinacluborateamthat
hasadiversemembership,havea
“sharingcircleyour”withfamily,orspendtimecaringforpetsatan
animalshelter.
A.Everyoneisdifferent,andlevelsofempathydifferfrompersontoperson.
B.Thatcouldbebecausesomanypeoplehavereplacedfacetimewithscreentime,theresearcherssaid.
C.“Onedoesn’tdevelopempathybyhavingalotofopinionsanddoingalotoftalking,
D.Humanslearnbyexample—andmostoftheexamplesonitareanythingbutempathetic.
E.Empathyisamatteroflearninghowtounderstandsomeoneelse—bothwhattheythinkandhowtheyfeel.
F.Goodsocialskills—includingempathy—areakindof“emotionalintelligence”thatwillhelpyou
inmanyareasoflife.
G.Havingrelationshipswithotherpeopleisanimportantpartofbeinghuman—andhavingempathyisdecisivetothoserelationships.
3
北京卷2013Urbanization
Untilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago.71_.Infact,nearlyeveryonelived
onfarmsorintinyrural(乡村的)villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.
Britainwasonlythebeginning.72_.Theprocessofurbanization—themigration(迁移)ofpeople
fromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.
In1990,fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.
Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.73.
Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagricultural
societies.Ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities._74.Untilmoderntimes,
thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite(精英)andtheservants,laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.
Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.75_.Today,insteadofneedingninety-fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon-farmers.A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.
B.Therestliveinsmalltowns.
C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.
D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecomeurbansocieties.
E.Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.
F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.
G.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.
2014北京卷EvaluatingSources(来源)ofhealthInformation
4
Makinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthyinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindsrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinions,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.71
Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.72
Watchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior“contributesto”associatedoris“
with”anoutcome;thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.73Carefully
readorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.
Useyourcommonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulof
informationcontainedinadvertisements.74Evaluatescientific“”statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery(江湖骗术).