高考英语短文理解学案17.docx

高考英语短文理解学案17.docx

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高考英语短文理解学案17

阅读理解技巧

一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。

即先看试题，再读文章。

阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。

客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。

其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。

此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。

特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。

二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读的目的是获取信息。

一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。

阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。

没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。

近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。

考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。

主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。

用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后。

此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。

通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。

这时，主题句就是文章的第一句。

当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。

主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。

阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

PleasebeadvisedthatNairobilikeanyotherlargecityhasasecurityandcrimeproblem.However,ifyouobservethefollowingsimpleguidelinesyouwillstayandhaveatrouble—freeseminar（研讨会）:

1.Donotwearamoneybelt.Thismakesyouainstanttarget.

2.Gamerasofallkindsareafavouritewithsnatchers.FeelfreetousethemwithintheStareheCampusandthehotelgroundsbutnotinthestreets.

3.Ladieshandbagsarealsoaregularsnatch.Avoidcarryingone,andifyoumust,bealertandholdontoittightly.

4.Jewelleryandevenglasseswithvaluableframesarealsooftentargeted.Bearthisinmind.

5.Wheninavehiclekeepthedoorsalwayslocked,andthewindowsonlyslightlyopen—especiallyattrafficlights,junctionsandinslowmovingtraffic.

6.Bewareofstreetchildren,theirbeggingoftenquicklytransformsintosomethingmoreunpleasant.

7.Staywiththemainpartyallthetime,andavoidwanderingoffonyourown.

8.Finally,thebestdefenceistobealertatalltimesandconsciousofyourenvironment.

Shouldyouhaveanyproblem,queryorneedhelpatanyhourofthedayornightcallanyofthefollowingandtheywilldotheirbestforyou:

OFFICEFLXEDHOMEFIXEDMobilePhone

1KENEDYHONGO763856/7612217631820733761294

2FREDOKONO7612217649880733604490

3EDWINOTIENO761221761642/763011072701279

56.Thisselectionmustbedeliveredby      .

A.theNairobecitygovernment              B.thepoliceoftheNairobeAirport

C.theorganizeroftheseminar               D.KennedyHongo,adetective

57.Afterreadingthisnotice,visitorstoNairobemightgainanimpressionthat      .

A.FredOkonoandhisfellowworkmatesareverykindandhelpful

B.Nairobeisalargecitywhichisverydeveloped

C.thecrimeproblemisveryseriousinthecityofNairobe

D.theyshouldnothavepaidavisittoNairobe,andshouldbuyaticketbackimmediately

58.Thenoticetellsusthat     .

A.somethingunpleasantcouldhappentoyouifyouuseacameraduringtheseminar

B.ladiesmustnotwearhandbagoranyjewellery

C.inthehotelsofNairobe,itmightbedangeroustostayinasingleroom

D.everythingwillbeOKifyoualwayswatchoutandareclearaboutthesurroundings

B

Withonlyabout1,000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclone（克隆）theanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies（物种）.That’samovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearchershavebeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled“Noah’sArk.”

   Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos（胚胎）,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct,Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine,saystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.

Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2,000speciesofmammals,birdsreptileswillbecomeextinctinover100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.

Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.

Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.

“Thenucleartransfer（核子移植）ofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailable（capableofbeingused）pandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.“Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy（havingababy）.Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,”addsKraemer,whoitoneoftheleadersoftheProjectatTexasA&M,thefirst-everattemptatcloningadog.

“Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah’sArk.We’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinciton.Icertainlyappreciatetheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnformwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded.”

59.Theaimof“Noah’sArk”projectisto      .

A.makeeffortstoclonetheendangeredpandas

B.saveendangeredanimalsfromdyingout

C.collectDNAofendangeredanimalstostudy

D.transferthenuclearofoneanimaltoanother

60.AccordingtoProfessorKraemer,themajorproblemincloningpandaswouldbethelackto       .

A.availablepandaeggs B.hostanimals  C.qualifiedresearchers  D.enoughmoney

61.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe      .

A.China’sSuccessinPandasCloning

B.TheFirstClonedPandaintheWorld

C.ExploringthePossibilitytoClonePandas

D.China—theNativePlaceofPandasForever

62.Fromthepassageweknowthat      .

A.Kraemerandhisteamhavesucceededincloningadog

B.scientiststrytoimplantapanda’seggintoarabbit

C.KraemerwillworkwithChinesescientistsincloneresearches

D.abouttwothousandofspecieswillprobablydieoutinacentury

C

Thecommoncoldistheworld’smostwidespreadillness,whichisplagues（疫病）thatfleshreceives.

Themostwidespreadfallacy（谬误）ofallisthatcoldscausedbycold.Theyarenot.Theyarecausedbyviruses（病毒）passingonfrompersontoperson.Youcatchacoldbycomingintocontact,directlyorindirectly,withsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.Itcoldcausescolds,itwouldbereasonabletoexpecttheEskimostosufferfromthemforever.Buttheydonot.Andinisolatedarcticregionsexplorershavereportedbeingfreefromcoldsuntilcomingintocontactagainwithinfectedpeoplefromtheoutsideworldbywayofpackagesandmaildroppedfromairplanes.

DuringtheFirstWorldWarsoldierswhospentlongperiodsinthetrenches（战壕）,coldandwet,showednoincreasedtendencytocatchcolds.

IntheSecondWorldWarprisonersatthenotoriousAuschwitzconcentrationcamp（奥斯维辛集中营）,nakedandstarving,wereastonishedtofindthattheyseldomhadcolds.

AttheCommonColdResearchUnitinEngland,volunteerstookpartinExperimentsinwhichtheygavethemselvestothediscomfortsofbeingcoldandwetforlongstretchesoftime.Aftertakinghotbaths,theyputonbathingsuits,allowedthemselvestobewithcoldwater,andthenstoodaboutdrippingwetindraftyroom.Someworewetsocksalldaywhileothersexercisedintherainuntilclosetoexhaustion.Notoneofthevolunteerscamedownwithacoldunlessacoldviruswasactuallydroppedinhisnose.

If,then,coldandwethavenothingtodowithcatchingcolds,whyaretheymorefrequentinthewinter?

Despitethemostpains—takingresearch,noonehasyetfoundtheanswer.Oneexplanationofferedbyscientistsisthatpeopletendtostaytogetherindoorsmoreincoldweatherthanatothertimes,andthismakesiteasierforcoldvirusestobepassedon.

Noonehasyetfoundacureforthecold.Therearedrugsandpainsuppressors（止痛片）suchasaspirin,butalltheydoistorelievethesymptoms（症状）.

63.Thewriteroffered       examplestosupporthisargument.

A.4            B.5           C.6            D.3

64.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotagreewiththechosenpassage?

A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetime.

B.Coldsarenotcausedbycold.

C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.

D.Apersonmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhadone.

65.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen       .

A.theyareworkingintheisolatedarcticregions

B.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweather

C.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedarcticregions

D.theyarecomingintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworld

66.VolunteerstakingpartintheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit      .

A.sufferedalot                     B.nevercuaghtcolds

C.oftencaughtcolds                 D.becameverystrong

67.Thepassagemainlydiscusses      .

A.theexperimentsonthecommoncold  

B.thefallacyaboutthecommoncold

C.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcolds

D.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncolds

D

Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneed?

JudgingfromtheresultoftheviolentexperimentbyaGermanking.FrederickⅡ,inthe13thcentury,itmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakiftheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.

Allthebabiesdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlanguagedeprivationhere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.

TodaynosuchviolentdeprivationexistsasthatorderedbyFrederickⅡ.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitive（不敏感）tothesignalsofthebaby,whosebrainisprogrammedtomapuplanguagerapidly.Therearecriticaltimes,itseems,whenchildrenlearnmorereadily.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglect