英语语法大攻克数词和介词.docx
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英语语法大攻克数词和介词
个性化辅导教案
授课时间:
2009-3-8
备课时间:
2009-3-5
年级:
初三课时:
2小时
课题:
词类归纳复习(数词,介词)
学员姓名:
艾可杰
教研老师:
陈蓉蓉
教学目标
1.复习巩固数词,介词的用法
难点重点
熟练掌握数词,介词考点及用法
掌握相关解题技巧
教学
内容
一.检查作业和答疑
二.新课讲解
数词
(一)基数词在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词。
1.基数词的构成
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,
sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→fivehundredandeighty-six,803→eighthundredandthree
(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为
million,第三个“,”前为billion(美式)或thousand,million(英式),然后一节一节地表示。
1,001→onethousandandone
9,785→ninethousand,sevenhundredandeighty-five
18,423→eighteenthousand,fourhundredandtwenty-three
6,260,309→sixmilliontwohundredandsixtythousandthreehundredandnine
750,000,000,000→sevenhundredandfifty,billion(美式)sevenhundredandfiftythousandmillion(英式)
2.基数词的用法
(1)作主语eg.FourOfthemcomefromParis.
(2)作宾语eg.一Howmanybookswouldyoulike?
一Iwouldliketwo.
(3)作表语eg.Sevenminustwoisfive.
(4)作定语eg.Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily·
(5)作同位语eg.Youtwowillgoswimmingwithus.
(6)表具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million用单数。
eg.Therearesixhundredstudentsinourgrade.
(7)表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。
若带名词,再加ofhundredsof(数百,成百上千的),thousandsof(数干,成千上万的),millionsof(数百万)
eg,Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.他们三三两两地来了。
(8)表示“…十”的数词的复数可以表示人的岁数或年代。
eg.Heisinhisearlythirties.他有三十来岁(31—34岁):
Thistookplaceinthe1930s.这事发生在二十世纪三十年代;
(9)表示时刻eg.IwatchCCTVNewsatseveno’clockeveryevening.
(二)序数词在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。
1,序数词的构成
(1)一般在基数词后加theg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规则变化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve--~twelfih
(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth,forty→fortieth,ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,twohundredandforty-fifth
2.序数词的用法
(1)序数词作定语时,一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。
eg.Tomistheirsecondson.Heisthefirstonetocomehere.
(2)序数词有时可与不定冠词连用,表示数量上"又—",“再一”
eg:
Hetriedasecondtime.他又试了—次.
Shalllaskhimathirdtime?
还要我再问他—次吗?
我已问了他两次)
(3)序数词的缩写形式为:
阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。
1st2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd
(4表示年、月、日时,年用基数词,日用序数词。
2005年8月15日:
(英)15,8,2005=15th,August,2005;(美)8,15,2005=August15th,2005
(三)基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号。
No.1(1号),No.3bus(3路公共汽车),Room103,(103号旁间)
Thefirstlesson=LessonTwo(第二课)
(四)分数词的表达
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加s
eg.1/3-onethird;2/5-twofifths
(五)数学运算的表达
eg.3+5=8Threeplus/andfiveiseight.
9-2=7Nineminustwoisseven.
6x5=30Fivetimessixisthirty/sixunutilizedfiveisthirty.
8÷2=4Eightdividedbytwoisfour.
例题解析
1-Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool,Mike?
-Thereareover___studentsinourschool.
A.twothousandsB.twothousandsofC.twothousandD.twothousandof
[析]有基数词在前面时thousand,hundred等词不能加s,也不能加of结构,只有在thousandsof时才可以使用。
2Johnliveson___floor.Hedoesn'tusealifttogoupanddown.
A.nineB.theninthC.ninthD.aninth
[析]序数词前加定冠词,nine与ninth的拼写上有一个e字母相差别。
3WuDongwonthegirls'___raceintheschoolsportsmeetinglastweek.
A.100metresB.100metresC.100metreD.100metre
[析]数词、名词、形容词等词用连字符连接成的形容词中,名词都不要加s,如:
Ihavetowriteatwothousandwordreport.而且由连字符组成的形容词只能放于名词前,不能放于名词后,作后置定语,或用在be动词后作表语。
4Thereare___studentsinourschool.
A.fourhundredtwentyB.fourhundredandtwentyC.fourhundredstwentyD.fourhundredsandtwenty
5-Howmanydaysarethereinayear?
-Thereare___.
A.threehundredsandsixty-fiveB.threehundredssixty-five
C.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredsixty-five
6Wehavelearnedabout___Englishwords.
A.ninehundredsB.ninehundredC.ninehundredofD.ninehundredsof
7Autumnis___seasonoftheyear.
A.thirdB.thethreeC.thirdsD.thethird
8Theyarelearning___now.
A.LessonEightB.theeightlessonC.LessonEighthD.Eighthlesson
[析]第几课,第几个门……,在英语中有两种说法,①LessonTwo,GateTwo但要注意每一单词的首字母要大写。
②thesecondlesson,thesecondgate首字母不要大写,并要注意有些缩写的读法。
Theboywassohungrythatheate___.
A.threebowlsofricesB.threebowlofriceC.threebowlofricesD.threebowlsofrice
[析]rice是不可数物质名词,而bowl是可数名词。
10Thereare___monthsinayear.
A.twelveB.twelfC.twelvethD.twelfth
[答案]A.
练习
1.Wehadlearned___Englishwordsbytheendoftheyear.
a.onethousandtwohundredandtwenty-two
b.athousandandtwohundredtwenty-two
c.onethousandtwohundredstwentytwo
d.athousandandtwohundredstwentytwo
2.“202”is____.
a.twohundredsandtwob.twohundredtwo
c.twohundredandtwod.twohundredstwo
3.Thereare____daysinayear.
a.three-hundredandsixty-fiveb.threehundredandsixty-five
c.threehundredandsixtyfived.threehundredandsixty-five
4.Healwayswantedtohave___ofbooksandhehasrecentlyboughtfour____.
a.hundred,hundredb.hundreds,hundred
c.hundreds,hundredsd.hundred,hundreds
5.Thereare____workersinthefactory.
a.twothousandsb.twothousandc.twothousandsofd.two-thousand
6.Wearegoingtolearn___thisterm.
a.booksixb.sixbookc.thebooksixd.BookSix
7.Mybrotherisin____.
a.ThreeClass,OneGradeb.ClassThree,GradeOne
c.GradeOne,ClassThreed.classthree,gradeone
8.----WhereisMr.Green?
----Ithinkheisin____.
a.firstroomb.RoomOnec.roomfirstd.theoneroom
9.Ican’tunderstand_____.
a.onepartb.PartOnec.thePartOned.FirstPart
10.1.25canbewrittenas_____.
a.onepointtwofiveb.onepointtwenty-five
c.oneandtwofived.oneandtwenty-five
11.Hegoestoschool___everyday.
a.tenpastsevenb.tensevenc.sevenpasttend.sevententh
12.Hecameback_____.
a.yesterdayeveningat7b.at7yesterdayevening
c.on7yesterdayeveningd.7yesterdayevening
13.Hewasagoodworker_____.
a.in1960sb.in1960’sc.inthe1960sd.inhis1980’s
14.Tomis____.Maythe____ishisbirthday.
a.twelve,twelfthb.twelfe,twelvec.twelfth,twelfthd.twelveth,twelfeth
15.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded____,1949.
a.inOctober1b.onOctober1stc.inOctober1std.October1
介词
(一)表示时间的介词
(1)at
①接具体时间:
eg.atsix,athalfpasttwo,attentotwelve
②表示“在…时刻”;eg:
atnoon,atmidnight
(2)in
①表示“在(某段时间段)之间”;
eg.inJanuary,inamonth,inspring,in2005
②在将来时中,表示“在某段时间之后”
eg.Intenyears,IthinkI'llbeareporter.
(3)on
表示在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上等。
eg.OnMonday,OnTuesdayafternoon,OnMay4th,OnthemorningofJuly6th
(三)固定搭配的介词
(1)动词+介词:
lookafter,lookat,lookfor,laughat,listento,hearfrom,turnOn,turnoff,waitfor,worryabout,thinkof,spend...On
(2)介词十名词:
bytrain,onfoot,attheendof,atlast,intheend,introuble,attable,atbreakfast,
inhospital,intime,Ontime,Onone’swayto,withpleasure
(3)be+形容词+介词:
beafraidof,begoodat,begood/badfor,belatefor,beinterestedin,beangry,with,befullof,besorryfor
例题解析
1-Thankyou___thebeautifulflowers!
-Notatall.
AinBonCatDfor
[析]由于某事向某人道谢应用for。
2Canyouanswerthisquestion___English?
AbyBinCwithDfrom
[析]in表示用语言、声音、或材料,如:
Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.
3Look___themap___China___thewall,please.
Aafter,of,inBat,of,inCafter,in,onDat,of,on
[析]lookat为"看",而onthewall为"在墙表面挂着",而inthewall则是"在墙内",如:
Thereisholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。
4-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon?
-Hearrivedthere___theeveningofDecember6th.
AatBinConDto
[析]intheevening/afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如:
onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。
5Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmile___ourteacher'sface.
AoffBnearConDbetween
6Thetwinsgotonwell___theirclassmates.
AtoBinCwithDabout
[析]getonwellwith与人相处很好。
7-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.
-Isee.I'llcome___Saturdayevening.
AinBatConDfor
8 Let'shurry,orwe'llbelate___school
A toB atC withD for
[析]belatefor,而comelateto,如:
Don'tcomelatetoschool
9 Theywillhaveamathstest___twodays
A forB atC inD after
[析]三天之内应用in,而不要受中文影响用after,afterthreedays是个不定的时间范围,即没有一个准确的时间。
5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。
10 Mybrotherjoinedthearmy___
A 1989,MarchB inMarch,1989C March,1989D 1989,inMarch
[析]在月份、年、前用介词in,而日子前用on。
11 Hecouldn'tworkoutthemathsproblem___yourhelp
A withoutB underC forD with.
[析]在某人帮助下应用with,如:
WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily 而要是没有你的帮助则用withoutyourhelp
12 Grannytookonelookatus___herglasses
A byB throughC onD in
[析]through为穿过……。
13 Wehadourbreakfast___aquarter___seven
A /,toB in,toC at,toD on,to
[析]具体时间点前用at,而差几分几点用to,这里应译为:
我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。
14 IlearnFrench___theradioeveryday
A onB inC fromD at
[析]从收音机中听到某事应用词组ontheradio。
15 It'sgoodmannerstowait___line
A inB onC atD with
[析]inline为排队。
16 HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt___lastterm?
A bytheendofB attheendofC totheendofD tilltheendof
[析]bytheendof为动作的截止时间,与完成时态相配合
17 Themanagerwasverysatisfied___hiswork
A inB onC aboutD with
[析]besatisfiedwith为固定搭配。
18 JohnhitJack___face
A ontheB intheC onhisD inhis
[析]英文中的某些动词其后要接人,然后加介词+the+身体部位,如:
Hecaughttheboybythearm。
19 Iwasborn___thenight___September15,1978
A in,onB at,onC at,inD on,of
[析]在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。
20 It'sabadmannertolaugh___peoplewhentheyare___trouble
A over,inB at,inC in,