《汽车实用英语》复习指导书.docx

《汽车实用英语》复习指导书.docx

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《汽车实用英语》复习指导书

《汽车实用英语》复习指导书

本课程的内容是教学大纲规定的主要内容，学生在学习过程中，依据教学大纲规定的“了解、掌握、重点掌握”三个层次来把握。

了解：

要求学员对这部分内容知道。

掌握：

要求学员对这部分内容能够理解并能够比较完整地回答；该部分主要是本课程的基本内容概念、基本理论和基本方法。

重点掌握：

要求学员对这部分内容能够深入理解并熟练把握，同时能准确地应用。

复习的基本要求

一、全面、认真阅读文字教材，在系统、深刻领会教材的基本理论和方法基础上，把握住重点内容（重点内容列在后面）。

复习过程要结合录像教材、直播课堂，结合网上资源等进行。

二、注意运用所学理论和方法对问题进行分析。

本课程是一门实践性较强的课程，学生应注重运用这门课程中所学的基本原理对汽车的实用电路进行分析。

三、认真复习平时作业，注意总结辅导教师对自己平时作业所给的意见，结合作业讲评和交流情况加深对课程基本内容的理解和掌握。

题型举例

I.Translatethefollowingphrasesandexpresses.将以下短语和词句翻译成汉语。

（每题2分，共20分）

1．automaticclutches动离合器

2．dependentsuspension非独立悬架

3．coefficientpffriction摩擦系数

II.ReadingComprehension:

阅读理解

III.MultipleChoice:

Circletheletterinthecorrectanswer.选择题：

将正确答案前题号放在所给的括号内。

（每题1分，共20分）

（）1.Inthesuspensionsystem,thespringscanbeofthecoil,leaf,pneumaticand__A____type.

AtorsionbarBstrut

CconicalDcylindrical

IVMatcheachnumberitemwiththemostcloselyrelatedlettereditemandwriteyouranswersinthespaceprovided.将和左侧相匹配的答案前题号填写在空格处。

1——H

2——K

3——A

4——E

5——C

6——F

A.piston

B.crankshaft

C.battery

D.belt

E.sparkplug

F.flywheel

G.motor

H.airfilter

I.cam

J.valve

K.waterjacket

V.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.将以下单词填写在空格处，必要时可以变换单词形式。

（每题2分，共20分）

appreciableindependenteffectconfigurationharshness

transientintermediatedragshieldbulge

1.Theirhappinesswastobesadly_appreciable_.

2.Herhelphasmadean_effected_difference.

VI.Translatethefollowingsentences.将下面句子翻译成汉语。

1．Aradialtirehasalowself-aligningtorquewhenalateralforceisapplied,whichproducesafastersteeringreactionandvehicleresponsefromtheoperatorinput.

1．当轮胎受到侧向力作用时，其回正力矩较小，这会使转向迅速灵敏，汽车操纵性增强。

2.Toenablethemtowithstandtheheavyloadingofopeningthevalve,thecamsarerequiredtobehardenedtoagooddepthduringmanufacture.

2．为保证它们能承受开启气门时的巨大载荷，凸轮在制造时必须达到相当的硬度和强度。

　　　各章复习范围

第1课HistoryofAutomobile

本课主要介绍了汽车的发展史。

具体要求如下：

一、重点掌握

1词汇：

automobile,vehicle,auto,motorvehicle,MPV,engine,internalcombustionengine,fuel,gasoline,petrol,diesel,wheel,crankshaft,piston,cylinder,stroke,four-strokeengine,motorcycle,carburetor,assemblyline,transportation,sparkplug,front,rear,body

2句子：

1）Theautomobileasweknowitwasnotinventedinasingledaybyasingleinventor.Thehistoryoftheautomobilereflectsanevolutionthattookplaceworldwide.Itisestimatedthatover100,000patentscreatedthemodernautomobile.

2）Aninternalcombustionengineisanyenginethatusestheexplosivecombustionoffueltopushapistonwithinacylinder-thepiston'smovementturnsacrankshaftthatthenturnsthecarwheelsviaachainoradriveshaft.

第2课IntroductiontoAutomobile

本课介绍了汽车的基本结构、各个主要部件的工作原理，以及汽车对社会的影响。

具体要求如下：

一、重点掌握

1．词汇：

Chassis,electricalsystem,shaft,drivenshaft,drivenwheel,gear,pistonengine,compression,ignition,sparkignition（SI）,compressionignition（CI）,suspensionsystem,brakingsystem,steeringsystem,drivingsystem,transmission,transmit,gearbox,finaldrive,differential,clutch,torque,power,neutral,neutralgear,reversegear,spring,steeringwheel,ABS,battery,hood,trunkdeck,charge,wear,pressure,temperature,axle,frame,speed,maintain

3句子：

1）Thevehiclecanbeusuallysubdividedintoseveralmajorcategories:

thebody,theengineorpowersource,thechassisandtheelectricalsystem.

2）Themaincomponentsofthetransmissionsystemaretheclutch,gearbox,finaldrive,anddifferential.

3）Twotypesofbrakesareusedinmoderncars:

drumbrakesanddiscbrakes.

4）Themajorpartsofelectricalsysteminacarincludethebattery,thestartingsystem,thechargingsystem,theignitionsystem,thelightingsystem,theauxiliarysystemandsomeelectronicdevicesusedonmodernautomobiles.

第3课EngineFundamentals

本课介绍了发动机的基本术语、四冲程发动机的基本结构以及工作原理。

具体要求如下：

一、重点掌握

1.词汇：

Cycle,TopDeadCenter（TDC）,BottomDeadCenter（BDC）,filter,airfilter,oilfilter,fuelfilter,pump,waterpump,fuelpump,oilpump,oil,injection,nozzle,electronic,electrical,intake,exhaust,valve,compress,lubricate,coolingsystem,waterjacket,coolant,antifreeze,volume,combustionchamber,air-fuelmixture,sweptvolume,totalcapacity,multi-cylinderengine,clearancevolume,compressionratio,emissioncontrolsystem,fueltank,oilpan

2．句子：

1）Thistermisusedtodescribethemovementofthepistonfromoneextremepositiontotheotherextremepositioninsidetheenginecylinder,e.g.fromthehighesttothelowestpositionitcanreach,orvice-versa（lowesttohighestposition）.

2）Theelectroniccontrolunit（ECU）controlsthefuelinjectionnozzlestoinjectthesmallquantityoffuelintotheintakeportstoproducetheair-fuelmixturethatthenflowsintothecylinderswhereitisignitedandburns.

3）Theenginehasmanymovingmetalparts.Ifmetalpartsrubagainsteachother,theywillwearrapidly.Topreventthis,engineshavelubricatingsystemsthatfloodallmovingpartswithacoatingoflubricatingoil.

4）Thesecondstrokecausesanupwardmotionofthepiston.Thespaceabovethepistonisnowsealedduetotheinletvalveclosingandtheexhaustvalvehavingalreadyclosed.Thisupwardmotionofthepistoncausesthepetrol/airmixturetobecompressedandtheresultisanincreaseinpressureandtemperatureofthemixture.

第4课DieselEngine

本课对柴油机进行了介绍，主要包括柴油机的工作原理、柴油机的供油系统。

具体要求如下：

一、重点掌握

1.词汇：

Spray,inject,self-ignition,transmit,accelerate,coach,lorry,tank,low-pressurepipe,fuelfilter,fuelliftpump,fuelinjectionpump,high-pressurepipe,fuelinjector,fuelleak-offpipe,liter,fillerneck,in-linepump,distributorPumpAssembly（DPA）,camshaft

2.句子：

1）Thedieselenginesarecompressionignitionengines.Thedieselengineusestheheatofcompressiontoignitethefuel.

2）Onemajordifferencebetweenadieselengineandapetrolengineisthatthedieselenginehasaveryhighcompressionratio.

3）Compressionignitionenginesareefficient,lastlongerandarecheapertomaintainthanpetrolenginesbutaresometimesexpensive,noisierandslowertoaccelerate.

4）Themaincomponentsofthefuelsupplysystemforadieselengineincludeafuelstoragetank,low-pressurepipes,variousfuelfilters,fuelliftpump,fuelinjectionpump,high-pressurepipes,fuelinjectorsandfuelleak-offpipes.Thesystemisthereforealittlemorecomplicatedthanthefuelsupplysystemforaspark-ignitionengine.

5）Fuelfiltersareusedtopreventthedust,abrasiveparticlesandwaterreachingthefuelinjectionpumpandinjector,wheretheywouldcauseahighrateofwearontheprecision-machinedcomponentsandleadtoshorterlife.

第6课CylinderBlockandCylinderHead

本课主要介绍气缸体和气缸盖。

具体要求如下：

一、重点掌握

1.词汇：

cylinderblock,cylinderhead,bearing,coolingpassageway,coolingjacket,radiator,manufacturer,assembly,air-cooledengine,liquid-cooledengine,castiron,aluminum,alloy,liner,in-lineengine,valvemechanism,manifold,heaterhose,lubricant,gasket,seal,crankcase

2.句子：

1）Thecylinderblockisthefoundationoftheengine—allotherpartsareattachedtoit.Itsmostimportantfunctionistoprovideastrong,unmovablemountingforenginecomponentssuchasthecrankshaftandcylindersandsoon.

2）Variousmoderncastingtechniquesareusedtolightenthecylinderblock.Itistheheaviestpartoftheengine,andthemoreitcanbesafelylightened,thelighterthecar.Thismeansbetterfueleconomy.

3）Twokindsofcylinderliners,drylinerandwetliner,canbeinstalledafterthecylinderblockiscast.

4）Thecylinderheadsonmanyenginesalsoformtheupperendofthecombustionchambersforeachcylinder.Thepistonheadandpistonringsformthelowerendofthecombustionchambers.

5）Attachedtothecylinderheadaresuchcomponentsasvalvemechanisms,sparkplugsorinjectors,exhaustandinletmanifolds,temperaturesensors,heaterhoseconnectors,topradiatorhoseconnector,andarockerorcamshaftcover.

第7课Piston,ConnectingRod,Crankshaft

本课介绍了活塞、连杆和曲轴。

具体要求如下：

一、重点掌握

1.词汇：

Connectingrod,bearing,pistonhead,pistonring,pistonpin,compressionring,oilring,crankpin,forge,counterweight,flywheel,mainjournal,camshaft,keyway,Woodruffkey,gear,sprocket,pulley,auxiliary,generator,coolantpump,powersteeringpump,flange,oil-thrower,machine,mainbearingcap,bolt,bore

2.句子：

1）Thepistonmustbestrong.Butitmustbelighttoreduceinertialoadsonthebearings.Forthisreason,pistonsformodernenginesaremadeofaluminumalloy.Thisisalightmetal.

2）Thepistonringsmaintainaslidingsealbetweenthecylinderwallandthepiston.Thepistoncannotbefittedtightlyenoughtoformagoodsealbyitself.Theremustbesomeclearancesothatthepistoncanslidewithoutsticking.

3）Duringmanufacture,therodsandcapsareindividuallymatchedtoeachother.Theyusuallycarryidentifyingnumberssothattheywillnotbemixedupiftheengineisdisassembled.

4）Thecrankshaftassemblyincludesthecrankshaft,bearings,flywheel,harmonicbalancer,timinggear,andfrontandrearseals.

5）ThecrankshaftusuallydrivesthecamshaftfromitsfrontendandisusuallymachinedtoaccommodateakeywaytoretainaWoodruffkey（half-moonshaped）andagearorsprocketislocatedonthiskeywaywhichisemployedtodrivethecamshaft.

第8课ValveMechanismofanEngine

本课介绍了发动机的配气系统。

具体要求如下：

一、重点掌握

1.词汇：

valvemechanism,valvetrain,valveseat,valveguide,cam,camshaft,overheadcamshaft,DOHC,pushrod,rockerarm,lifter,valve,bushing,valvestem,valveface,valvefloat,valvebounce,time,timinggear,timingchain

2.句子：

1）Therearetwovalvesforeachcylinder.Oneistheintakeval