英语英语 阅读理解的专项 培优 易错 难题练习题及详细答案.docx

英语英语 阅读理解的专项 培优 易错 难题练习题及详细答案.docx

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英语英语阅读理解的专项培优易错难题练习题及详细答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Yourteenagebestfriendcouldbegoodforyourlong-termmentalhealth,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalChildDevelopmentAccordingtothefindings,teenagersaged15to16whohadaclosefriendshipratherthanalargergroupoffriendstheywerelessclosetohadagreatersenseofself-worthbythetimetheywere25yearsold.Thosepeoplewithaveryclosebestfriendwerealsolesslikelytoexperiencedepressionandsocialanxiety,thestudyfound.

   "Closefriendshipstrengthinmid-adolescencepredictedrelativeincreasesinself-worthanddecreasesinanxietyanddepressivesymptomsbyearlyadulthood,"theauthors,ledbyRachelK,Narr,apostdoctoralstudentfocusedonclinicalpsychologyattheUniversityofVirginia,wrote.

   Apastresearchhassuggestedthatadolescentfriendshipsareimportant.Friendshipsduringtheteenageyearspredictacademicsuccessandimprovedmentalhealth.Butthenewresearchfurtherexploresthetypeoffriendshipsteenagershave."Myhunch（预感）wasthatclosefriendshipscomparedtobroaderfriendshipgroupsandpopularitymaynotfunctionthesameway,"NarrtoldQuartz."Beingsuccessfulinoneisnotthesameasbeingsuccessfulintheother."

   Manystudyparticipantsdidnotcontinuetohaveacloserelationshipwiththeirhigh-schoolbestfriend,leadingtheresearcherstowonderwhatexactlywasresponsibleforthementalhealthbenefits.Theysuspectedthattheskillsandabilitytobuildsuchafriendshipmaybemoreimportantthanthefriendshipitself.

   Andastheresearcherspointout,thoseskillsarenotnecessarilybroughttobearintheworldofsocialmedia."Astechnologymakesitincreasinglyeasytobuildasocialnetworkofshallowfriends,focusingtimeandattentionondevelopingcloseconnectionswithafewindividualsshouldbeapriority,"studyco-authorJosephAllensaidinastatement.

（1）Whatisthebenefitofhavingacloseteenagefriendship?

A. Excellentperformanceinhighschool.           

B. Alargergroupoffriends.

C. Mentalhealthbyearlyadulthood.                 

D. Alargesocialnetworkinthefuture.

（2）Whatcanwelearnaboutthepastresearch?

A. Itattachedgreatsignificancetoadolescentfriendships.

B. Itwastotallydifferentfromthenewresearch.

C. Ithelpedimproveteenagers'mentalhealth.

D. Itcomparedbroaderfriendshipgroupswithpopularity.

（3）Whatdidtheresearchersthinkmightleadtothementalhealthbenefits?

A. Notcontinuingtohaveacloserelationship.     

B. Havingabestfriendinhighschool.

C. Understandingtheworldofsocialmedia.         

D. Knowinghowtobuildaclosefriendship

（4）WhatdidtheresearcherJosephsuggest?

A. Learningtousesocialmedia.                         

B. Broadeningyoursocialcircle.

C. Improvingtheskillsofmakingfriends.          

D. Concentratingonhigh-qualityrelationship.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现，那些有非常亲密的好朋友的人也不太可能经历抑郁和社交焦虑。

与过去的研究认为友谊很重要相比，这项新研究进一步探索了青少年之间的友谊类型。

研究人员发现知道如何建立亲密的友谊可能比友谊本身更重要。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Yourteenagebestfriendcouldbegoodforyourlong-termmentalhealth，accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalChildDevelopment.“根据发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究，你十几岁时最好的朋友可能对你的长期心理健康有好处。

可知，青少年亲密的友谊对精神健康有益。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的”Apastresearchhassuggestedthatadolescentfriendshipsareimportant.“过去的一项研究表明，青少年间的友谊很重要，可知，过去的研究非常重视青少年间的友谊。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的”Theysuspectedthattheskillsandabilitytobuildsuchafriendshipmaybemoreimportantthanthefriendshipitself.“他们怀疑建立这种友谊的技巧和能力可能比友谊本身更重要，可知，研究人员认为知道如何建立亲密的友谊会带来心理健康益处。

故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的"‘Astechnologymakesitincreasinglyeasytobuildasocialnetworkofshallowfriends,focusingtimeandattentionondevelopingcloseconnectionswithafewindividualsshouldbeapriority,’studyco-authorJosephAllensaidinastatement.”研究报告的撰写者之一JosephAllen在一份声明中说:

“随着科技的发展，建立浅层次朋友的社交网络变得越来越容易，因此，把时间和精力集中在与少数人建立密切联系上应该是优先考虑的事情。

”可知，研究人员JosephAllen建议把时间和精力集中在于一些人发展亲密关系是应该是重中之重，即发展高质量的友谊。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   TheLargestWorldFairsofAllTime

   NewYorkWorldFair—NewYork,1939

   The1939NewYorkWorldFairwasthelargestexposition（博览会）inUShistorywithvisitorsover14million.TheFairwasplannedduringtheGreatDepressionandwasaimedatrelievingthecityfromeconomicdepressionbyattractingforeigninvestment.Majorinventionstoemerge（出现）attheNewYorkWorldFairincludednylonfabric,astreamlinedpencilsharpener,andafuturisticcarcityimaginedbyGeneralMoiors.

   Expositionliniverselle—Paris,1900

   TheExpositionUniversellewasoneoftheearliestexpositionstofeaturemultiplecountrieswithFranceinvitingvariouscountriestodisplaytheirtechnologicaladvancementsandculturalheritage.ExpositionUniversellewasthebirthplaceofmanyinventionsthatweenjoytodayincludingescalators（自动扶梯）andtalkingfilms.

   Expo'70—Osaka,Japan

   Expo'70wasthebiggestexpositionofthe20thcenturyandthesecondlargestinhistory.Expo70hadarecordattendanceofover64millionvisitors,a40-yearrecordthatwouldnotbebrokenuntilExpo2010inShanghai.NotableexhibitionsincludedalargepieceofmoonrockthatwasbroughtbackfromtheApollo12mission.

   Expo2010—Shanghai.China

   Expo2010goesdownasthelargestfairinhistory,havingattracted73millionpeople.Italsohadthehighestinternationalparticipationofanyexpositionintheworldwith246countriesparticipating.TheopeningceremonyfeaturedthebiggestLEDscreenintheworldaswellasoneofthebiggestfireworksdisplaysinhistory.

（1）WhichExpoisthebiggestoneinhistory?

A. Expo70—Osaka.Japan.                                 B. ExpositionUniverselle—Paris

C. Expo2010—Shanghai,China.                       

D. NewYorkWorldFair—NewYork

（2）WhatisthepurposeofNewYorkWorldFair?

A. Toattractmoreinventions.                             

B. Toimprovethenation'seconomy.

C. Todisplaythetechnologicaldevelopment.   

D. Toshareachievementswithothercountries.

（3）WhatdidExpo70inJapanfeature?

A. Apieceofrockfromspace.                             

B. ArocketintheApollo12mission.

C. Theculturalheritagefromcountries.             

D. ThebiggestLEDscreenintheworld.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个有史以来最大的世界博览会。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据Expo2010—Shanghai.China部分中的“Expo2010goesdownasthelargestfairinhistory”可知，2010年上海世博会是历史上规模最大的一届世博会，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据NewYorkWorldFair—NewYork,1939部分中的“aimedatrelievingthecityfromeconomicdepressionbyattractingforeigninvestment.”可知，纽约世博会的目的是通过吸引外资来缓解国内经济萧条，也就是改善国家经济，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据Expo'70—Osaka,Japan部分中的“NotableexhibitionsincludedalargepieceofmoonrockthatwasbroughtbackfromtheApollo12mission.”可知，第70届日本世博会的特色是展出了阿波罗12号带回来的一大块月球岩石，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   AfewyearsbackIworkedinauniversitybuildingthatalsohousedadepartmentfullofpsychologists,allofwhomseemedtoseeusasperfectguineapigs（豚鼠）fortheirlatesttheories.Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask"Why?

"beforegrabbingtheapplepie.

   Sooneday,whensomeonefromthePsychologyDepartmentpostedinstructionsinthebathroompersuadingallofusto"Thinkaboutfivethingsforwhichyou'regratefuleverydayforaweek!

"myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.

   IwanderedintotheofficeofHeidiZetzer,thedirectorofourschool'sPsychologicalServicesClinic."What'swiththegratitudething?

"Iasked.Youdon'taskanacademicquestion－evenasimpleoneunlessyou'repreparedforalonganswer.Heidicamealive,andIsatdown.That'swhenIfirstheardtheterm"positivepsychology".Thegratitudething,asIhadcalledit,wasbutonesmallandsimpleelementofthepractice."Kindofliketrainingthebraintofocusonjoy,"myfriendHeidiexplained."It'sonlyaweek,"sheurged."Tryit."Idid.Andguesswhat?

Itworked.

   Everydayforaweek,IfoundfivedistinctthingsforwhichIwasthankful.Theyhadtobedifferenteveryday.Icouldn'tgetawaywithjustbeinggratefulformywonderfulhusband.ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.

   Lifewillneverbeperfect.Istillseenewstoriesthatannoyme.Thetrafficinmycityismaddening.IwishIcouldspeedupmyrecovery.Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:

acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.

   Andallittookwasalittlegratitude.

（1）What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardthestudentwithdesserts?

A. Cautious.                      

B. Respectful.                      

C. Indifferent.                      

D. Supportive.

（2）Whywastheauthordoubtfulabouttheinstructions?

A. Becauseshethoughtitwasn'tworththeeffort.

B. Becauseshedidn'tlikeexpressingthanksoften.

C. Becausesheneededtoaskherfriendtodoitfirst.

D. Becauseshecoulddofivethingseverydayeasily.

（3）WhatdoesCollieConoleysuggesttheauthorshoulddo?

A. Begratefultoherwonderfulhusband.          

B. Bethankfulforthingsbutnotpeople.

C. Beagreatcookandputherfamilyfirst.        

D. Bespecificaboutwhatshe