选修10Unit1Nothingventurednothinggained.docx

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选修10Unit1Nothingventurednothinggained

Unit1Nothingventured,nothinggained

目标认知

  重点词汇:

endurance,   breathless, circumstance, urgent, vital, persevere,

       givewayto,  rank,    swear,     advocate,

  重点句型:

强调句型:

Itwas…that…

  语法:

定语

  精讲巧练

  重点词汇

  endurance

  【原句回放】PerceBlackborowjoinedanexpeditionwithSirErnestShackletontoAntarcticaontheshipEnduranceinAugust1914.(P2)

  【点拨】endurancen.theabilitytosufferdifficultiesorpainwithstrengthandpatience表示“耐力”,beyondendurance忍不住,忍无可忍,

  如:

Longdistancerunnersneedgreatendurance.

    Therewassomething.abouthimthatannoyedhisroommatesalmostbeyondendurance.

  【拓展】endurevt.忍耐,忍受,常与cannot等否定词连用;enduringadj.持续的,持久的,

  如:

Theycannotenduremuchlonger.

    Ican'tendureherendlesscomplaintnoiseamomentlonger.

  【随时练】Ican’t________seeinganimalssufferlikethat.

  A.survive   B.obtain   C.maintain   D.endure

  Key:

D

  breathless

  【原句回放】IfeelbreathlessasIremembermyrottentoesthatIhadtoberemovedwhentheybecameblackenedfromfrost-bite.(P2)

  【点拨】breathlessadj.breathveryfastandhardorexperiencingastrongemotion,表示“喘不过气来”,bebreathlesswith由于…而喘不过气来,

  如:

Shewasbreathlessafterrunningupthestairs.

    Havingwatchedhisperformances,wewerebreathlesswithlaughter.

  【拓展】breathn.表示“呼吸,喘气”,outofbreath上气不接下气;breathev.表示“呼吸,喘气”;

  如:

Thedoctortoldhimtobreatheindeeplyandthenbreatheout.

  【随时练】_______adeepbreath,andthenyoumayfeelrelaxed.

  A.Hold   B.Take   C.Have   D.Give

  Key:

B

  circumstance

  【原句回放】Ourcircumstancesaresodesperatethatitisuncertainwhetherwewilleverreturnalive.(P2)

  【点拨】circumstancen.conditionorfactconnectedwithaneventoraction表示“情况,形势;环境”,常用复数形式,

  如:

Hewasforcedbycircumstancestodothis.

    Maybeunderthesecircumstanceswemaysaythatmancanconquernature.

  【拓展】短语:

innocircumstances决不;in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下;duetounforeseencircumstances由于不可预见的情况,

  如:

Duetounforeseencircumstances,wehavebeenforcedtoclosetheexhibitionforthe

    nexttwodays.

    Iwouldneverinanycircumstancesdreamofcomparingherwithyou.

  【随时练】Undernocircumstances_______agreetosplittingupthecompany.

  A.willwe   B.wewill   C.wewillnever   D.neverwewill

  Key:

A

  urgent

  【原句回放】Callinguscalmlytogether,hemadeanurgentannouncementthatwemustsaveonlyessentialsuppliesbeforetheshipsank,…(P3)

  【点拨】urgentadj.veryimportant,especiallywhichmustbedealtwithquickly,表示“急迫的,加急的”,beinurgentneedof急需,

  如:

Imustpostthisletter;it'surgent.

    RefugeesinSichuanareinurgentneedoffoodandwater.

  【拓展】urgentlyadv.表示“急切地”;urgevt.表示“催促;怂恿”,urgesb.todosth.或urgethat从句,表示“催促某人做某事”,

  如:

WhenmyoldfriendBrianurgedmetoacceptacigarette,itwasmorethanIcould

    bear.

    Amanwaswavingtothemurgentlyfromafirst–floorwindow.

  【随时练】Theyurgedthatthelibrary________duringthevacation.

  A.bekeptopen      B.wouldbekeptopening

  C.tobekeptopened   D.waskeptopen

  Key:

A

  vital

  【原句回放】Hedescribeditasvitalforkeepinguscheerful.(P3)

  【点拨】vitaladj.veryimportant,necessaryoressential表示“极其重要的,必不可少的”,bevitalto对…重要,

  如:

Skillfulemployeesarevitaltothesuccessofanycompany.

    Itisvitalthatschoolsteachstudentstousecomputertechnology.

  【拓展】vitallyadv.极其重要地;vitalityn.精力,活力;热情,

  如:

Today’sdecisionwillvitallyaffecttheenvironment.

    Tourismisimportanttotheeconomicvitalityoftheregion.

  【随时练】Itis________importantthatwefindoutthecauseofthedisease.

  A.vitally   B.vital   C.vitality   D.ofvitality

  Key:

A

  perseverance

  【原句回放】Hisperseverancewonourcompletefaithinhim.(P3)

  【点拨】perseverancen.adeterminedattitudethatmakesyoucontinuetryingtoachievesth.difficult表示“毅力”

  如:

Perseverancecombinedwithenergyisnecessarytosuccessinlife.

    Byperseverancethelameboylearnedtoswim.

  【拓展】perseverevi.坚持,不屈不挠,常与介词at,with连用;perseveringadj.表示“坚持不懈的”;

  如:

Policenegotiatorswillperseverewiththeireffortstofreethehostages.

    Heisaperseveringstudent.

  【随时练】Perseveranceisakindofquality—that’s_____ittakestodoanythingwell.

  A.what   B.that   C.which   D.why

  Key:

A

  givewayto

  【原句回放】Hewasalwayshonestwithusandnevergavewaytodisappointment,evenwhentheshipsank.(P3)

  【点拨】givewayto表示“让步,让路”,相当于togiveinortomakewayfor,还可表示“取代,代替”,

  如:

Driversmustgivewaytocyclist.

    Wewillnevergivewaytothepeoplewhoattempttobreakawayfromourcountry.

    Steamtrainsgavewaytoelectrictrains.

  【拓展】相关短语:

giveout分发;giveup放弃;givein投降,让步;giveoff散发,放出;giveaway赠送,泄漏;givebirthto生,

  如:

AlthoughhepretendedtobeanEnglishman,hisaccentgavehimaway.

    Thisgaveoffoily,blacksmokebuthadtheadvantageofburningstronglyinfierce  winds.

    Givethemoneyouttothechildren

  【随时练】Cheapcoal_______alotofsmoke.

  A.givesup   B.givesin   C.givesaway   D.givesoff

  Key:

D

  rank

  【原句回放】SoonShackletonsetouttheframeworkforourlifehere:

nodifferencesinrankorinsocialstatus;(P3)

  【点拨】rankn.positionorlevelinanorganization表示“等级,军衔;一列”,

  如:

Letmespeaktoanofficerofmoreseniorrank.

    Shehadreachedtherankofjuniorministerbythetimeofshewas30.

    Theymarchedinranksoffive.

  【拓展】rankv表示“具有…等级,排列”

  如:

Thismustrankasoneofthemostviolentfightseverseenontelevision.

    Thecompanyisrankedthirdamongtheworld’sinformationservicescompanies.

  【随时练】Intheirschool,theydon’t_______thestudentsaccordingtotheirgradesbuttheirbehaviors.

  A.rankas   B.rankwith   C.rank   D.rankamong

  Key:

C

  swear

  【原句回放】WewhoremainedonElephantIslandsworethatwewoulddoasheadvocated:

remainoptimisticandrecoverourhealthbeforehereturnedtorescueus.(P3)

  【点拨】swearvt.,vi.tomakeasincerestatementthatyouaretellingthetruth表示“发誓,起誓”,后跟todosth或that从句,

  如:

Youhavetosweartobefaithfultome.

    IswearIwon'ttellanyoneyoursecret.

  【拓展】swear表示“诅咒;骂”时,常与at连用,swearby表示“相信”,swearoffsth表示“保证戒掉”;swearto表示“完全确信”常用于否定句;

  如:

Hewassoangrythathesworeathismother.

    Myfatherswearsbywhiskyasacureforacold.

    TheheadacheIgotwasalmostenoughtomakemeswearoffwineforever.

  【随时练】Ican’t__________it,butIthinkIsawJoanyesterday.

  A.swearto   B.makesure   C.findout   D.thinkof

  Key:

A

  advocate

  【原句回放】WewhoremainedonElephantIslandsworethatwewoulddoasheadvocated:

remainoptimisticandrecoverourhealthbeforehereturnedtorescueus.(P3)

  【点拨】advocatevt.tospeakpubliclyinfavourofsth,ortorecommend表示“主张,提倡”,也用作名词表示“拥护者,主张者”,常与介词for连用,

  如:

Headvocatesbuildingmoreschools.

    Shewasthefirstadvocateforwomen’ssport.

  【随时练】Thereisnopoint________improvedtransportunlesswecanpayforit.

  A.advancing   B.advocating   C.promoting   D.developing

  Key:

B

  重点句型

  强调句型:

Itwas…that…

  【原句回放1】SoitwaswithgreatexcitementonemorninginJuly1914thatIreadthisadvertisement:

(P3)

  【点拨】Itwas/is+被强调部分+that从句.

  其特点是就从句的主语、宾语、状语等成分进行强调,谓语除外。

也就是说被强调部分肯定是从句的某一成分。

被强调部分指人时用that/who均可,指事或物时用that。

其一般疑问句直接将is/was提前。

特殊疑问句就是在一般疑问句的基础上再加特殊疑问词,

  如:

Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.

    (此题强调的是时间状语about600yearsago)。

    →(变为一般疑问句)Wasitabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceand

     anhourhandwasmade?

    →(被强调部分提问)Whenwasitthatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwas

     made?

  【考点提示】区别下面几个相似句型

  a.Itis+一段时间+since从句

   其特点是谓语动词用is,且Itis后加时间段而不是时间点,若从句的谓语动词是瞬间性动词,

   表示“自从某事发生以来已有多长时间了”,若是延续性动词则正好相反表示“自从不做某事以来

   有多长时间了”。

如Itis3yearssinceIsmoked.(我不吸烟已有3年了)

   Itis600yearssincethefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.

   (600years是时间段,且谓语动词是is,表示“自从第一块钟表问世到现在已有600年了”)

   Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.It’syears____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.

   A.when   B.that  C.before   D.since

   此题选D,可译为“我多年没有玩得这么高兴了”。

  b.Itwas/willbe(not)+一段时间+before从句

   其特点是后面用一段时间,谓语动词用一般过去式或将来时,译为“不久就…或多久才…”,

   如:

Itwillbemorethan100yearsbeforethecityreturnstoitsnormal.

     需要100年的时间这座城市才能恢复,其否定式也较常见,如:

     Itwon’tbelongbeforeweknowtheresultoftheexperiment.

     不久我们就会知道试验的结果。

   Itwassometime_____werealizedthetruth.

   A.when   B.until   C.since   D.before

   此题选D,表示“过了一段时间就(才)…”有时用其否定式,表示“不久就(才)…”,

   意思是“过了一段时间我们就认识到了真相”。

  c.Itwas+时间点+when从句

   其特点是后跟表示时间点的名词,谓语动词用was,此句是when引导的时间状语从句,句中it表示

   时间,有实际意义。

   如:

Itwasfiveo’clockwhenwearrivedhomeyesterday.

   (昨天到家时,时间是5点)

   区别:

Itwasatfiveo’clockthatwearrivedhomeyesterday.

   (则是强调句型,译为“正是5点我们到的家”)

  【链接高考】

  【考例1】Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay____matters.

  A.that   B.what   C.which   D.this

  【答案与解析】此题选A,强调主语从句,译为“真正有关系的是你做的而不是你说的”

  【考例2】—______thathemanagedtogettheinformation?

      —Oh,afriendofhishelpedme.

  A.Wherewasit     B.Whatwasit

  C.Howwasit      D.Whywasit

  【答案与解析】此题考查强调句型的特殊疑问句形式,选C,译为“他是怎么设法得到这个消息的?

”此外其一般疑问句形式为“Is/Wasit+被强调部分that从句”。

  【考例3】.Idon’tmindhercriticizingme,but____ishowshedoesitthatIobjectto.

  A.it   B.that   C.this   D.which

  【答案与解析】此题选A,but后面部分是强调句型,可译为:

正是她作这件事情的方式我不同意。

  写作进行时

翻译下文,尽量运用本单元学过的词汇及短语:

  一天我和往常一样乘坐公交车去上学,过了一会儿,我看见一位老人慢慢地上了车,看上去他已经走了很长的一段路,他累得喘不过气来,已经不能再走路了。

很明显他急需要休息,于是我把座位让给他,他很感激我,可是我认为帮助和尊敬

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