选修10Unit1Nothingventurednothinggained.docx
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选修10Unit1Nothingventurednothinggained
Unit1Nothingventured,nothinggained
目标认知
重点词汇:
endurance, breathless, circumstance, urgent, vital, persevere,
givewayto, rank, swear, advocate,
重点句型:
强调句型:
Itwas…that…
语法:
定语
精讲巧练
重点词汇
endurance
【原句回放】PerceBlackborowjoinedanexpeditionwithSirErnestShackletontoAntarcticaontheshipEnduranceinAugust1914.(P2)
【点拨】endurancen.theabilitytosufferdifficultiesorpainwithstrengthandpatience表示“耐力”,beyondendurance忍不住,忍无可忍,
如:
Longdistancerunnersneedgreatendurance.
Therewassomething.abouthimthatannoyedhisroommatesalmostbeyondendurance.
【拓展】endurevt.忍耐,忍受,常与cannot等否定词连用;enduringadj.持续的,持久的,
如:
Theycannotenduremuchlonger.
Ican'tendureherendlesscomplaintnoiseamomentlonger.
【随时练】Ican’t________seeinganimalssufferlikethat.
A.survive B.obtain C.maintain D.endure
Key:
D
breathless
【原句回放】IfeelbreathlessasIremembermyrottentoesthatIhadtoberemovedwhentheybecameblackenedfromfrost-bite.(P2)
【点拨】breathlessadj.breathveryfastandhardorexperiencingastrongemotion,表示“喘不过气来”,bebreathlesswith由于…而喘不过气来,
如:
Shewasbreathlessafterrunningupthestairs.
Havingwatchedhisperformances,wewerebreathlesswithlaughter.
【拓展】breathn.表示“呼吸,喘气”,outofbreath上气不接下气;breathev.表示“呼吸,喘气”;
如:
Thedoctortoldhimtobreatheindeeplyandthenbreatheout.
【随时练】_______adeepbreath,andthenyoumayfeelrelaxed.
A.Hold B.Take C.Have D.Give
Key:
B
circumstance
【原句回放】Ourcircumstancesaresodesperatethatitisuncertainwhetherwewilleverreturnalive.(P2)
【点拨】circumstancen.conditionorfactconnectedwithaneventoraction表示“情况,形势;环境”,常用复数形式,
如:
Hewasforcedbycircumstancestodothis.
Maybeunderthesecircumstanceswemaysaythatmancanconquernature.
【拓展】短语:
innocircumstances决不;in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下;duetounforeseencircumstances由于不可预见的情况,
如:
Duetounforeseencircumstances,wehavebeenforcedtoclosetheexhibitionforthe
nexttwodays.
Iwouldneverinanycircumstancesdreamofcomparingherwithyou.
【随时练】Undernocircumstances_______agreetosplittingupthecompany.
A.willwe B.wewill C.wewillnever D.neverwewill
Key:
A
urgent
【原句回放】Callinguscalmlytogether,hemadeanurgentannouncementthatwemustsaveonlyessentialsuppliesbeforetheshipsank,…(P3)
【点拨】urgentadj.veryimportant,especiallywhichmustbedealtwithquickly,表示“急迫的,加急的”,beinurgentneedof急需,
如:
Imustpostthisletter;it'surgent.
RefugeesinSichuanareinurgentneedoffoodandwater.
【拓展】urgentlyadv.表示“急切地”;urgevt.表示“催促;怂恿”,urgesb.todosth.或urgethat从句,表示“催促某人做某事”,
如:
WhenmyoldfriendBrianurgedmetoacceptacigarette,itwasmorethanIcould
bear.
Amanwaswavingtothemurgentlyfromafirst–floorwindow.
【随时练】Theyurgedthatthelibrary________duringthevacation.
A.bekeptopen B.wouldbekeptopening
C.tobekeptopened D.waskeptopen
Key:
A
vital
【原句回放】Hedescribeditasvitalforkeepinguscheerful.(P3)
【点拨】vitaladj.veryimportant,necessaryoressential表示“极其重要的,必不可少的”,bevitalto对…重要,
如:
Skillfulemployeesarevitaltothesuccessofanycompany.
Itisvitalthatschoolsteachstudentstousecomputertechnology.
【拓展】vitallyadv.极其重要地;vitalityn.精力,活力;热情,
如:
Today’sdecisionwillvitallyaffecttheenvironment.
Tourismisimportanttotheeconomicvitalityoftheregion.
【随时练】Itis________importantthatwefindoutthecauseofthedisease.
A.vitally B.vital C.vitality D.ofvitality
Key:
A
perseverance
【原句回放】Hisperseverancewonourcompletefaithinhim.(P3)
【点拨】perseverancen.adeterminedattitudethatmakesyoucontinuetryingtoachievesth.difficult表示“毅力”
如:
Perseverancecombinedwithenergyisnecessarytosuccessinlife.
Byperseverancethelameboylearnedtoswim.
【拓展】perseverevi.坚持,不屈不挠,常与介词at,with连用;perseveringadj.表示“坚持不懈的”;
如:
Policenegotiatorswillperseverewiththeireffortstofreethehostages.
Heisaperseveringstudent.
【随时练】Perseveranceisakindofquality—that’s_____ittakestodoanythingwell.
A.what B.that C.which D.why
Key:
A
givewayto
【原句回放】Hewasalwayshonestwithusandnevergavewaytodisappointment,evenwhentheshipsank.(P3)
【点拨】givewayto表示“让步,让路”,相当于togiveinortomakewayfor,还可表示“取代,代替”,
如:
Driversmustgivewaytocyclist.
Wewillnevergivewaytothepeoplewhoattempttobreakawayfromourcountry.
Steamtrainsgavewaytoelectrictrains.
【拓展】相关短语:
giveout分发;giveup放弃;givein投降,让步;giveoff散发,放出;giveaway赠送,泄漏;givebirthto生,
如:
AlthoughhepretendedtobeanEnglishman,hisaccentgavehimaway.
Thisgaveoffoily,blacksmokebuthadtheadvantageofburningstronglyinfierce winds.
Givethemoneyouttothechildren
【随时练】Cheapcoal_______alotofsmoke.
A.givesup B.givesin C.givesaway D.givesoff
Key:
D
rank
【原句回放】SoonShackletonsetouttheframeworkforourlifehere:
nodifferencesinrankorinsocialstatus;(P3)
【点拨】rankn.positionorlevelinanorganization表示“等级,军衔;一列”,
如:
Letmespeaktoanofficerofmoreseniorrank.
Shehadreachedtherankofjuniorministerbythetimeofshewas30.
Theymarchedinranksoffive.
【拓展】rankv表示“具有…等级,排列”
如:
Thismustrankasoneofthemostviolentfightseverseenontelevision.
Thecompanyisrankedthirdamongtheworld’sinformationservicescompanies.
【随时练】Intheirschool,theydon’t_______thestudentsaccordingtotheirgradesbuttheirbehaviors.
A.rankas B.rankwith C.rank D.rankamong
Key:
C
swear
【原句回放】WewhoremainedonElephantIslandsworethatwewoulddoasheadvocated:
remainoptimisticandrecoverourhealthbeforehereturnedtorescueus.(P3)
【点拨】swearvt.,vi.tomakeasincerestatementthatyouaretellingthetruth表示“发誓,起誓”,后跟todosth或that从句,
如:
Youhavetosweartobefaithfultome.
IswearIwon'ttellanyoneyoursecret.
【拓展】swear表示“诅咒;骂”时,常与at连用,swearby表示“相信”,swearoffsth表示“保证戒掉”;swearto表示“完全确信”常用于否定句;
如:
Hewassoangrythathesworeathismother.
Myfatherswearsbywhiskyasacureforacold.
TheheadacheIgotwasalmostenoughtomakemeswearoffwineforever.
【随时练】Ican’t__________it,butIthinkIsawJoanyesterday.
A.swearto B.makesure C.findout D.thinkof
Key:
A
advocate
【原句回放】WewhoremainedonElephantIslandsworethatwewoulddoasheadvocated:
remainoptimisticandrecoverourhealthbeforehereturnedtorescueus.(P3)
【点拨】advocatevt.tospeakpubliclyinfavourofsth,ortorecommend表示“主张,提倡”,也用作名词表示“拥护者,主张者”,常与介词for连用,
如:
Headvocatesbuildingmoreschools.
Shewasthefirstadvocateforwomen’ssport.
【随时练】Thereisnopoint________improvedtransportunlesswecanpayforit.
A.advancing B.advocating C.promoting D.developing
Key:
B
重点句型
强调句型:
Itwas…that…
【原句回放1】SoitwaswithgreatexcitementonemorninginJuly1914thatIreadthisadvertisement:
(P3)
【点拨】Itwas/is+被强调部分+that从句.
其特点是就从句的主语、宾语、状语等成分进行强调,谓语除外。
也就是说被强调部分肯定是从句的某一成分。
被强调部分指人时用that/who均可,指事或物时用that。
其一般疑问句直接将is/was提前。
特殊疑问句就是在一般疑问句的基础上再加特殊疑问词,
如:
Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.
(此题强调的是时间状语about600yearsago)。
→(变为一般疑问句)Wasitabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceand
anhourhandwasmade?
→(被强调部分提问)Whenwasitthatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwas
made?
【考点提示】区别下面几个相似句型
a.Itis+一段时间+since从句
其特点是谓语动词用is,且Itis后加时间段而不是时间点,若从句的谓语动词是瞬间性动词,
表示“自从某事发生以来已有多长时间了”,若是延续性动词则正好相反表示“自从不做某事以来
有多长时间了”。
如Itis3yearssinceIsmoked.(我不吸烟已有3年了)
Itis600yearssincethefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.
(600years是时间段,且谓语动词是is,表示“自从第一块钟表问世到现在已有600年了”)
Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.It’syears____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.
A.when B.that C.before D.since
此题选D,可译为“我多年没有玩得这么高兴了”。
b.Itwas/willbe(not)+一段时间+before从句
其特点是后面用一段时间,谓语动词用一般过去式或将来时,译为“不久就…或多久才…”,
如:
Itwillbemorethan100yearsbeforethecityreturnstoitsnormal.
需要100年的时间这座城市才能恢复,其否定式也较常见,如:
Itwon’tbelongbeforeweknowtheresultoftheexperiment.
不久我们就会知道试验的结果。
Itwassometime_____werealizedthetruth.
A.when B.until C.since D.before
此题选D,表示“过了一段时间就(才)…”有时用其否定式,表示“不久就(才)…”,
意思是“过了一段时间我们就认识到了真相”。
c.Itwas+时间点+when从句
其特点是后跟表示时间点的名词,谓语动词用was,此句是when引导的时间状语从句,句中it表示
时间,有实际意义。
如:
Itwasfiveo’clockwhenwearrivedhomeyesterday.
(昨天到家时,时间是5点)
区别:
Itwasatfiveo’clockthatwearrivedhomeyesterday.
(则是强调句型,译为“正是5点我们到的家”)
【链接高考】
【考例1】Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay____matters.
A.that B.what C.which D.this
【答案与解析】此题选A,强调主语从句,译为“真正有关系的是你做的而不是你说的”
【考例2】—______thathemanagedtogettheinformation?
—Oh,afriendofhishelpedme.
A.Wherewasit B.Whatwasit
C.Howwasit D.Whywasit
【答案与解析】此题考查强调句型的特殊疑问句形式,选C,译为“他是怎么设法得到这个消息的?
”此外其一般疑问句形式为“Is/Wasit+被强调部分that从句”。
【考例3】.Idon’tmindhercriticizingme,but____ishowshedoesitthatIobjectto.
A.it B.that C.this D.which
【答案与解析】此题选A,but后面部分是强调句型,可译为:
正是她作这件事情的方式我不同意。
写作进行时
翻译下文,尽量运用本单元学过的词汇及短语:
一天我和往常一样乘坐公交车去上学,过了一会儿,我看见一位老人慢慢地上了车,看上去他已经走了很长的一段路,他累得喘不过气来,已经不能再走路了。
很明显他急需要休息,于是我把座位让给他,他很感激我,可是我认为帮助和尊敬