英语语法动词八种时态详解.docx
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英语语法动词八种时态详解
英语八种时态归纳复习
时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,广大初中学生在实际运用时,往往对时态问题倍感棘手,下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。
一、一般现在时
(一)定义
表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或存在的状态,还表示主语具备的性格
和能力及客观真理。
例:
Igetupat6:
30inthemorning.
Sheisathome.
(二)构成
主要用动词原形表示,当主语是第三人称单数时,在动词词尾加s/es。
(三)句型
1、肯定句:
主语+谓语+其他。
ShereadsEnglisheveryday.
2、否定句:
主语+don’t/doesn’t+谓语+其他。
Hedoesn’tgetupat6:
30inthemorning.
3、一般疑问句:
Do/Does+主语+V原+其他?
DoyoulikeEnglish?
Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.
4、特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他?
Whattimedoyougetupeverymorning?
Wheredoesyourfatherwork?
(三)用法
1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或存在的状态,带与表示频率的时间状语如:
often,sometimes,usually,always,everydayyear,month...),once/twiceaweek(month,year,etc.),seldom,onsundays等连用。
Ileavehomeforschoolatseveneverymorning.
2、表示客观真理,科学事实、格言警句。
Thesunrisesintheeast.日出东方。
Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。
Tenminustwoiseight.十减二等于八。
Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光的速度比声音的速度快。
TheUnitedStatesliesbythewestcoastofthePacificOcean.美国位于太平洋西岸。
3、根据英文语法规定,当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。
I'lltellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
Ifyoucomethisafternoon,we’llhaveameeting.
4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。
这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态",其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。
例如:
Hecanspeakfiveforeignlanguages.他能说五种外语。
Thatisabeautifulcity.那是座美丽的城市。
ChangjiangRiverisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
Shemajorsinmusic.她主修音乐。
Allmyfamilylovefootball.我全家人都喜欢足球。
Mysisterisalwaysreadytohelpothers.我妹妹总是乐于助人。
(四)动词第三人称单数形式变化规则
1、一般情况下,动词后直接加-s;
如:
help-helps,clean-cleans,give-gives等。
2、以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾加-es;
如:
dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变为i,再加-es;
如:
study--studies,fly-flies,carry--carries等。
4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时,have改为has,
如:
Hehasaninterestingbook.
5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时,be改为am,遇有主语是第二人称时,be改为are,遇有主语是第三人称单数时,be改为is
一般现在时练习题
1)用动词的适当形式填空
1.I like____________(swim).
2.He_________(read)English every day.
3.We_________(go)toschoolatseveninthemorning.
4.Mike________(go)toschoolatseveninthemorning.
5.My mother________(like)______(go)shopping.
6.Ican________(draw) many beautiful pictures.
7.She_________(make)a model plane.
8.Do you________(like)_________(run)?
9.Does he_________(like)_________(jump)?
10.DoesNancy_________(grow)flowersonSaturday?
11.The teachers________(like)___________(dance).
12.Theteacher________(like)____________(dance).
13.Thestudents___________(speak)Englishinclass.
14.Thestudent_________(speak)Chineseafterclass.
15.Let's____________andplayfootball.(go)
16.He_____________likeswimming.(not)
17.I'msorry____________that.(hear)
18.WangBingis____________(write)anE-mailtohisfriend.
19.Hehas_____________aheadache.(get)
20._________youstudyEnglishatschool?
Yes,I___________.(do)
21.__________yoursisterstudyEnglishatschool?
No,she__________.(do)
22.I'm_________better.(feel)
23.Why__________Tomabsenttoday?
(be)
2)用所给的人称改写句子
1.ItakephotosonSunday.(Mike)
2.Wegrowbeautifulflowers.(she)
3.Theylikecollectingstamps.(Ben)
4.Ilistentomusiccarefully.(myaunt)
5.Youlikemakingamodelship.(Helen)
6.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.(he)
7.Theylookafterthepandas.(MrWang)
8.Idrawatreeandsomeflowers.(Nancy)
9.Wegotobedateight.(mysister)
10.Ireadnewspapersintheevening.(MrGreen)
3)写出下列动词的相应形式
1.第三人称单数:
wash_________match_______guess______study______finish_________go________snow______carry_________
2.写出下列动词的过去式:
stop______see________drive________let_______carry______keep_____join______find_______think________teach______catch______
3.写出下列动词的现在分词形式:
stay_______begin______forget_______forget______lie________ die_______run_______prefer______give________ ring_______dance______hope_______
II.用所给动词的适当形式填空:
1.I________(write)toyouassoonasI_______(get)toLondon.
2.Hedoean'tfeelwelland____________(noteat)anyfoodthismorning.
3.He______not_______(see)mecomein,forhe___________(read)somethingwithgreatinterest.
4.I_________(l;et)youhavethebookassoonasI_________(finish)it.
5.Whilewe________(wait)forourteacher,alittleboy________(run)uptous.
6.Don'tmakeaniose.Grandpa__________(sleep). 7.It'ssevennow,Tom'sfamily__________(watch)TV.
8.It________(take)metwohourstofinishmyhomeworklastnight.
9.What______yourmother_______(do)ateightyesterdayevening?
She_______(wash)clothes.
10._______it______(rain)whenschoolwasoveryesterday?
11.What_______(do)_______tomorrow?
We________(play)football.
12.There________(be)afootballmatchonTVthisevening.
13.Theysaidthey________(visit)theGreatWallthenextsummerholiday.
14.Who_______(dance)thebestinyourclass?
15.Willyoucomeifhe_____________(notcome)?
16.Theteachertoldustheearth__________(move)roundthesun. 17She________(buy)asweateryesterday.
18.They_______(have)apartyinthegardenifit________(notrain)tomorrow.
19.Idon'tknowifMr.Wang______(go)toShanghaitomorrow.Ifhe_____(go),I______(ask)him_______(take)somebookstomydaughter,becauseshe_______(study)there.
III单项选择:
1.ThestudentswillgototheSummerPalaceifit_____tomorrow. A.don'trainB.doesn'trainC.won'train
2.There_____anEnglishfilmnextweek. A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.wasgoingtobe
3.Thepicture_______nice. A.looksB.islookedC.lookD.islooking
4.She______downandsoonfellasleep. A.liveB.lainC.laidD.lay
5.They_____theofficeatnineyesterdaymorning. A.reachedtoB.arrivedC.wentD.getto
6.WeshallgotoShanghaionbusinessbeforeyou_____backnextweek.
A.wilcomeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.come
7.Don'tsmokeuntiltheplane______off. A.takesB.tookC.wastakenD.istake
8.Isawher____theroomthismorning. A.toenterB.enteredC.enterD.enters
9.theteacheraskedus______toschoolontime.A.tocomeB.comingC.comeD.comes
10.Johnisalways______others. A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.tohelp
11.Hetoldus______ateight. A.workingB.toworkC.workD.worked
12.You'dbetter______athomeand______yourhomework.
A.tostay,doB.stay,doC.tostay,todoD.stay,todo
13.Hesatdown______arest. A.havingB.haveC.tohaveD.had
14.UncleWangknows_______awashingmachine.
A.howtomakeB.tomakeC.howmakingD.whattomake
15.Jimdecided_______PollytoLingFengwhenhewasbacktoEngland.
A.toleaveB.leftC.leavingD.leave
二、一般过去时
(一)结构
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。
基本结构
否定句
一般疑问句
Be动词
was/were+not
was或were提前,放于句首
行为动词
didn’t+do(动词原形)
Did+主语+do(动词原形)
注:
在一般过去时的句子中,谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词,其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用,were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。
凡是由be动词做谓语的句子,变否定句时,直接在其后加not,即wasn’t或weren’t,变一般疑问句将was/were放在句首,句末用问号。
另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当,如stayed\went\visited等,这一类动词做谓语时,可与任何人称连用,句子变否定时,要在主语后面,动词的前面加didn’t,动词用原形;一般疑问句是把did提到句首,动词用原形。
IwasinShanghailastyear.
Iwasn’tinShanghailastyear.
WasyouinShanghailastyear?
Hewenttotheparkyesterday.
Hedidn’tgototheparkyesterday?
Didhegototheparkyesterday?
(二)句式
1、肯定句:
主语+动词过去式+其他。
IwasinBeijingyesterday.
Iwenttothebeachyesterday.
2、否定句:
主语+wasn’t或weren’t+其他。
主语+didn’t+V原+其他。
Iwasn’tinBeijingyesterday.
Ididn’tgotothebeachyesterday.
3、一般疑问句:
was/were+主语+V原+其他?
Did+主语+V原+其他?
WereyouinBeijingyesterday?
Didyougotothebeachyesterday?
4、特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他?
特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他?
Wherewereyouyesterday?
Wheredidyougoyesterday?
(三)用法
1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况,常与明确的时间状语连用,如:
yesterday,lastweek(month,year…),…ago,theotherday,justnow,attheageof…,in1980等连用。
如:
Attheageoften,shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.
2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplaythefootballinthestreet.
3、在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。
Hesaidhewouldn’tgoifitrained.
(四)动词过去式的规则变化
1)一般情况下,在动词原形末尾加-ed;如look-looked
2)结尾是字母e的动词加-d,如practice-practiced;
3)结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,变“y”为“i”再加ed,如studystudied;
4)重读闭音节结尾,双写动词尾的辅音字母,再加ed,如stopstopped。
不规则动词表
InfinitivePasttenseInfinitivePasttense
catchcaughtcomecame
dodiddrawdrew
drinkdrankdrivedrove
eatatefallfell
amiswasarewere
beginbegunbreakbroke
bringbroughtbuildbuilt
buyboughtcancould
动词过去式的记忆口诀
动词一般过去时,表示过去发生事;be用was或用were,have,has变had;
谓语动词过去式,过去时间坐标志;一般动词加-ed,若是特殊得硬记。
否定句很简单,主语之后didn’t添;疑问句也不难,did放在主语前;
如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原;动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。
一般过去时练习题
一、写出下列动词的过去式
1.look—2.live—3.stop—4.carry—
5.hope—6.trip—7.call—8.finish—
9.want—10.are—11.go—12.have—
13.do—14.get—e—16.say—
Fillintheblanks.
1.____she____(sing)asonglastnight?
2.--Werethereanypeopleintheroom?
(作否定回答)
--______,______________nobody.
3.--_____(be)theyatworkthismorning?
--Yes.They______(have)ameetingtogether.
4.--______Joe______(do)wellinthelong-distancerunning?
--Yes,he_______.
5.–Where_____Tina’sFamily____(go)lastSummer?
--They_______(go)toNewYorkfortheirvacation.
二、用be动词的适当形式填空
1.I______anEnglishteachernow.
2.She_______happyyesterday.
3.They_______gladtos