事业单位公共基础知识英语阅读理解练习.docx

事业单位公共基础知识英语阅读理解练习.docx

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事业单位公共基础知识英语阅读理解练习

未来教育事业单位公共基础知识英语阅读理解练习

阅读理解短文（70篇）

Passage2

Peoplecanbeaddictedtodifferentthings--e.g.,alcohol,drugs,certainfoods,oreventelevision.Peoplewhohavesuchanaddiction（癖好;瘾）arecompulsive（难以抑制的）;i.e.,theyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.Accordingtopsychologists,manypeoplearecompulsivespenders.Theyfeelthattheymustspendmoney.Thiscompulsion,likemostothers,isirrational--impossibletoexplainreasonably.Forcompulsivespenderswhobuyoncredit（赊购）,chargeaccounts（赊购帐户）areevenmoreexcitingthanmoney.Inotherwords,compulsivespendersfeelthatwithcredit,theycandoanything.Theirpleasureinspendingenormousamountsisactuallygreaterthanthepleasurethattheygetfromthethingstheybuy.

Thereisevenaspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting.Tosavemoney,ofcourse,mostpeoplelookforsales,lowprices,anddiscounts.Compulsivebargainhunters,however,oftenbuythingsthattheydon'tneedjustbecausetheyarecheap.Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets,buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame.Whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyarewinning.Mostpeople,expertsclaim,havetworeasonsfortheirbehavior:

agoodreasonforthethingsthattheydoandtherealreason.

Itisnotonlyscientists,ofcourse,whounderstandthepsychologyofspendinghabits,butalsobusinesspeople.Stores,companies,andadvertisersusepsychologytoincreasebusiness:

Theyconsiderpeople'sneedsforlove,power,orinfluence,theirbasicvalues,theirbeliefsandopinions,andsoonintheiradvertisingandsalesmethods.

Psychologistsoftenuseamethodcalled"behaviortherapy（疗法）"tohelpindividualssolvetheirpersonalityproblems.Inthesameway,theycanhelppeoplewhofeelthattheyhaveproblemswithmoney.

1..Accordingtothepsychologists,acompulsivespenderisonewhospendslargeamountsofmoney.

A）andtakesgreatpleasurefromwhatheorshebuysB）inordertosatisfyhisorherbasicneedsinlife

C）justtomeethisorherstrongpsychologicalneedD）entirelywithanirrationaleagerness

2..Accordingtothewriter,compulsivebargainhuntersareinconstantsearchofthelowestpossibleprices.

A）becausetheywanttosavemoneytohelptheirbudgets

B）becausetheycanopenlyboastoftheirtriumphoverothersingettingthingsforlessC）andwillnothavemoneyproblemsiftheycankeeptotheirbudgets

D）buttheyseldomadmittheyfeelsatisfiediftheycangetthingsforlessthanothers3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A）Allpeoplespendmoneyforexactlythesamereasonthattheyneedtobuythings.B）Businesspeopleandadvertiserscanusethepsychologyofmoneytoincreasesales.

C）Businesspeopleunderstandthepsychologyofcompulsivebuyingbetterthanscientists

do.

D）compulsivebargainhuntersdonothaveproblemswithmoney.

4..Thearticleismainlyabout.

A）thepsychologyofmoney-spendinghabits

B）thepurchasinghabitsofcompulsivespendersC）aspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting

D）theuseofthepsychologyofspendinghabitsinbusiness

5..Fromthepassagewemaysafelyconcludethatcompulsivespendersorcompulsivebargainhunters.

A）arereallyunreasonableB）needspecialtreatment

C）arereallybeyondremedies

D）cannevergetanyhelptosolvetheirproblemswithmoneyPassage4

In1838thepolicaleconomistMalthouspredictedthatintimemankindwouldfacestarvation,havingoutgrowntheavailablefoodsupplies.Today,acenturyandahalflater,therearestillexpertswhoforecastthesameglobaldisaster—unlessurgentmeasuresaretakentopreventit.

Bytheendofthepresentcenturytheremaywellbeoverfivethousandmillionpeoplelivingonthisglobe,anincreaseofoverfiftypercentoftoday'5figure.Inordertokeeppacewiththisincreaseinmankindthefarmersoftheworldwouldhavetostepuptheirproductionoffoodbyatleasttwopercenteveryyear.Sucharateofincreasehasneverbeenmaintainedinanycountrybyconventionalmethodsofagriculture,despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizer.Therearenolargeworthwhilereservesofpotentialfarmlandremaining,andgoodfertilelandiscontinuallybeingdivertedtoindustrialuse.Moreover,erosionofthesoiltakesaconstanttoll.

Intensiveresearch,carriedoutovermanyyearsinallmannersofclimaticconditions,hasproducedarevolutionarymethodofgrowingcropswithoutusinganysoilatall.Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.Alreadyithasaccomplishedwondersinproducinghugecrops.Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatiedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.Labourcostsarefarlowerthanwhenmethodsofagricultureareemployed.Infact,itisacompletelyautomaticsystem.Thereisnohardmanualwork,nodiggingorploughing,andnoweedingtospeakof.Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.

1..Whichofthefollowingbestsumsupthewholepassage'?

A）Malthus'predictionhasbeenprovedtobecorrectbymodernexperts.

B）Hydroponicsmaybetheanswertotheworldfoodshortageinthefuture.C）Hydroponicsisanewdevelopmentinagriculture.

D）Conventionalmethodsofagricultureshouldbeimprovedsoastostepupfoodproductionbytwopercenteveryyear.

2..Thephrase"havingoutgrowntheavailablefoodsupplies"inthefirstparagraphimpliesthat.

A）theavailablefoodsupplieswillbeenoughtofeedworldpopulationB）theearthistooexhaustedtosupportitsincreasingpopulation

C）worldpopulationwillgrowataratefasterthanfoodproductionD）foodsupplieswillbetoomuchavailableforwouldpopulation.

3Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthemainreasonwhyanincreaseintheproductionoffoodisnotbeachieved？

A）Conventionalmethodsofagriculturearestillprevailingallovertheworld.

B）Modernmechanizationandtheuseoffertilizersarenotwellpopularizedintheworld.C）Therearenotenoughpotentialfarmalandreservesleft.

D）Landisbeinglostthrougherosionandindustrialization.

4..Whichofthefollwoingstatementsisnottrueofhydroponics?

A）Hydroponicsisconsideredarevolutionarymethodofagriculture.

B）Hydroponicsisstilltoocomplicatedandexpensiveforpracticaluse.C）Hydroponicshadcreatedwondersinagriculture.

D）Hydroponicshadalreadybeenemployedinfoodproduction.

5..Judgingfromthepassage,themostimportantadvantageofhydroponicsshouldbe

________.

A）higheryieldB）lowerlabourcosts

C）moreautomationD）lesshardmanualworkPassage6

Attentiontodetailissomethingeveryonecanandshoulddo-especiallyinatightjobmarket.BobCrossley,ahuman-resourcesexpertnoticesthisinthejobapplicationsthatcomecrosshisdeskeveryday.“It’samazinghowmanycandidateseliminatethemselves,”hesays.

“Résumés（简历）arrivewithstains.Somecandidatesdon'tbothertospellthecompany's

namecorrectly.OnceIseeamistake,Ieliminatethecandidate,"Crossleyconcludes."Iftheycannottakecareofthesedetails,whyshouldwetrustthemwithajob?

"

Canwepaytoomuchattentiontodetails?

Absolutely.Perfectionistsstruggleoverlittlethingsatthecostofsomethinglargertheyworktoward."Tokeepfromlosingtheforestforthetrees,"saysCharlesGarfield,associateprofessorattheUniversityofCalifomia,SanFrancisco,wemustconstantlyaskourselveshowthedetailswe'reworkingonfitintothelargerpicture.Iftheydon't,weshoulddropthemandmovetosomethingelse."

GarfieldcomparesthisprocesstohisworkasacomputerscientistatNASA."TheApolloIImoonlaunchwasslightlyoff-course90percentofthetime,"saysGarfield."Butasuccessfullandingwasstilllikelybecauseweknewtheexactcoordinatesofourgoal.Thisallowedustomakeadjustmentsasnecessary."Knowingwherewewanttogohelpsusjudgetheimportanceofeverytaskweundertake.

Toooftenwebelievewhataccountsforothers'successissomespecialsecretoraluckybreak（机遇）.Butrarelyissuccesssomysterious.Againandagain,weseethatbydoinglittlethingswithinourgraspwell,largerewardsfollow.

1..Accordingtothepassage,somejobapplicantswererejected.

A）becauseoftheircarelessnessasshownintheirfailuretopresentacleancopyofaresumeB）becauseoftheirinadequateeducationasshownintheirpoorspellinginwritingaresumeC）becausetheyfailedtogiveadetaileddescriptionoftheirbackgroundintheirapplicationsD）becausetheyeliminatedtheirnamesfromtheapplicantslistthemselves

2..Theword“perfectionists”（Line1,para.3）referstothosewho________.

A）demandotherstogeteverythingabsolutelyright

B）knowhowtoadjusttheirgoalsaccordingtothecircumstances

C）paytoomuchattentiontodetailsonlytolosetheirmajorobjectivesD）arecapableofachievingperfectresultsinwhatevertheydo

3..Whichofthefollowingistheauthor'sadvicetothereader?

A）Althoughtoomuchattentiontodetailsmaybecostly,