高考英语试题全国卷一含答案.docx
《高考英语试题全国卷一含答案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语试题全国卷一含答案.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高考英语试题全国卷一含答案
2018年高考英语全国卷I(含答案)
(考试时间100分钟满分:
120分)
第一部分、听力(略)
第二部分、阅读理解(满分40分)
第一节(共15小题:
每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Washington,D.CBicycleTours
CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D。
C。
Duration:
3hours
ThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworldfamouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D。
C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms—disappear!
WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour
Duration:
3hours(4miles)
JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D。
C。
ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.
CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C
Duration:
3hours
MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD。
C。
newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D。
C。
inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.
WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour
Duration:
3hours(7miles)
JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C。
GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory。
Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights。
21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?
A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C。
B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.
C。
CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C
D。
WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour。
22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?
A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.
C。
Visitwell—knownmuseums。
D.Enjoyinterestingstories.
23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?
A。
Citymaps。
B。
Cameras.C.Meals.D。
Safetylights。
B
GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget。
InSaveMoney:
GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday。
AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11。
“WeloveMexicanchurrossoIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,”sheexplains。
"Ipay£5foraportion(份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil。
Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”
Theeight—partseries(系列节目),Savemoney:
GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:
GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket。
Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek。
Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget。
Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.
24。
WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?
A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.
C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily。
25。
HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna
A。
Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher。
B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.
C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher。
26。
Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?
A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.
C.Addsomebackgroundinformation。
D:
Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion。
27。
Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB。
BalancingOurDailyDiet
C。
MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD。
CookingWellforLess
C
Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter—gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother。
Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.
Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,and dominant languagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehotwetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersismere6,000,whichthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat。
Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion—mark):
noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.
28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter—gatherertimes?
A.TheydevelopedveryfastB.Theywerelargeinnumber
C。
TheyhadsimilarpatternsD。
Theywerecloselyconnected
29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?
A。
ComplexB。
AdvancedC。
Powerful。
D.Modern
30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?
A.About6,800B。
About3,400C。
About2,400D.About1,200
31。
Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
A。
Newlanguageswillbecreated。
B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.
C。
Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.
D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution。
D
Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle。
That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.
Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice。
Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s。
Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox—setTVsdefined1992。
Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndWP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande—readersshowedupin2007.
Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.”Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007。
We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-Wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window。
Sowhat’sthesolution(解决方案)?
Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing。
Theyfoundthatmoreon—demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.
32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?
A.Theyareenvironment—friendly.B。
Theyarenobetterthantheold.
C.Theycostmoretouseathome。
D。
Theygooutofstylequickly.
33。
WhydidBabbitt’steamconducttheresearch?
A.Toreducethecostofminerals。
B。
Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.
C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology。
D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.
34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?
A.Thebox-setTV。
B.Thetablet。
C.TheLCDTV。
D.Thedesktopcomputer。
35。
Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?
A.StopusingthemB。
TakethemapartC.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem。
第二节 (共5小题:
每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom。
Agraspofhowtomanagecolorin