完整版最新版自考英语二精讲讲义.docx
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完整版最新版自考英语二精讲讲义
Unit1-ACriticalReading(批判性阅读)
1.criticaladj.有判断力的;判断公正(或审慎)的
2.non-fictionn.纪实文学
3.positionn.观点;态度;立场
4.statementn.说明;说法;表态
5.questionv.表示疑问;怀疑
outofquestion/outofthequestion毫无疑问/不可能的
补:
incharge管理;掌管
inthecharge由…负责;由…管理(被动)
6.evaluatev.估计;评价;评估
7.contextn.事情发生的背景,环境,来龙去脉
8.valuen.values[pl.]是非标准;价值观
valuable
invaluable=priceless无价的;
valueless=无价值的
9.representv.描述;表现
representativeadj./n.
10.assertionn.明确肯定;断言
11.sufficientadj.足够的;充足的
sufficiency
insufficient不够的;不充分的in-:
否定前缀
12.statisticn.statistics[pl.]统计数字;统计资料
13.integratev.(使)合并,成为一体
14.authorityn.专家;学术权威;泰斗
an/theauthorityonsth.
authorize
15.comparev.比较;对比
compareAwithB把A和B进行比较
compareAtoB把A比成B。
(打比方)
16.subjectn.主题;题目;题材
17.consistentadj.相符的;符合的
18.inconsistencyn.不一致
19.assumptionn.假定;假设
20.casen.具体情况;事例
incase万一;以防;(用一般时)
incaseoffire万一发生火灾;incaseof万一发生
incasethat…万一发生…情况。
acaseinpoint
confirmed/suspectedcases确诊病例/疑似病例
21.directlyadv.直接地;径直地
22.identifyv.找到;发现
23.validadj.符合逻辑的;合理的;确凿的
validityn.有效性,正确(性)
invalid无效的;有病的
24.credibleadj.可信的;可靠的=believeable
incredible=unbelievable不可信的;
25.landmarkn.(标志重要阶段的)里程碑
26.relevantadj.紧密相关的;切题的
relevancyn.关联;恰当
irrelevant
27.currentadj.现时发生的;当前的
28.appropriateadj.合适的;恰当的
inappropriate
It's(not)appropriatethat….+虚拟语气
29.biasn.偏见;偏心;偏向
30.considerablyadv.非常;很;相当多地
consider
considering介词、连词鉴于;考虑到;
considerable相当…的;
considerate体贴;考虑周到的;
considerationn.考虑
31.Democratn.(美国)民主党党员,民主党支持者民
32.Republicann.(美国)共和党党员,共和党支持者
33.reflectv.显示;表明;表达
34.informedadj.有学问的;有见识的
well-informed博学的;
ill-informed无知的;
PhrasesandExpressions
1.applyto使用;应用
2.putforth提出;产生
3.take…intoaccount考虑到;顾及
4.accept/take…atfacevalue相信表面;信以为真
5.withagrainofsalt有保留地;持怀疑态度地
sometime:
一段时间;sometime:
某个时间
sometimes:
有时;sometimes:
次数;倍数
CriticalReading(批判性阅读)
1.①Criticalreadingappliestonon-fictionwritinginwhichtheauthorputsforthapositionorseekstomakeastatement.Criticalreadingisactivereading.Itinvolvesmorethanjust(不只是,不仅仅是)understandingwhatanauthorissaying.Criticalreadinginvolvesquestioningandevaluatingwhattheauthorissaying,andformingyourownopinionsaboutwhattheauthorissaying.Herearethethingsyoushoulddotobeacriticalreader.(启下句)
2.Considerthecontextofwhatiswritten.Youmaybereadingsomethingthatwaswrittenbyanauthorfromadifferentculturalcontextthanyours.②Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.③Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.
②Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.
③Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.
3.Questionassertionsmadebytheauthor.Don'tacceptwhatiswrittenatfacevalue.Beforeacceptingwhatiswritten,becertainthattheauthorprovidessufficientsupportforanyassertionsmade.Lookforfacts,examples,andstatisticsthatprovidesupport.(承上句)Also,looktoseeiftheauthorhasintegratedtheworkofauthorities.
4.Comparewhatiswrittenwithotherwrittenworkonthesubject.④Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwithwhatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.Ifthereareinconsistencies,carefullyevaluatethesupporttheauthorprovidesfortheinconsistencies.(承上句)
5.Analyzeassumptionsmadebytheauthor.⑤Assumptionsarewhatevertheauthormustbelieveistrueinordertomakeassertions.Inmanycases,theauthor'sassumptionsarenotdirectlystated.Thismeansyoumustreadcarefullyinordertoidentifyanyassumptions.(承上启下句)Onceyouidentifyanassumption,youmustdecidewhetherornottheassumptionisvalid.
6.Evaluatethesourcestheauthoruses.Indoingthis,becertainthatthesourcesarecredible.Forexample,Einsteinisacrediblesourceiftheauthoriswritingaboutlandmarkachievementsinphysics.Alsobecertainthatthesourcesarerelevant.Einsteinisnotarelevantsourcewhenthesubjectispoetry.(承上句)Finallyiftheauthoriswritingaboutasubjectinitscurrentstate,besurethatthesourcesarecurrent(启下句).Forexample,studiesdonebyEinsteinintheearly20thcenturymaynotbeappropriateifthewriterisdiscussingthecurrentstateofknowledgeinphysics.
7.Identifyanypossibleauthorbias.⑥AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswilllikelylookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocratoraRepublican.⑦Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflectabiasedposition.Youneedtotakethispossiblebiasintoaccountwhenreadingwhattheauthorhaswrittenwith"agrainofsalt."
8.Bybeingacriticalreader,youwillbecomebetterinformedandmaychangeyourviewsasappropriate.
Unit1-BTheLanguageofConfidence
1.confidencen.自信心;把握
相关词:
confident
beconfidentofsb./sth.对sb.有信心;
have/loseconfidenceinsb./sth.
注意比较:
confident/confidential有信心的/机密的;
2.programv.训练;培养
3.masteryn.控制;驾驭
4.destinyn.命运;天命;天数
5.dramaticallyadv.巨大地;惊人地;显著地
6.qualityn.质量;品质
7.subconsciousadj.下意识的;潛意识的
8.pleasev.使满意;使愉快
9.commandn.(给人或动物的)命令
10.knowinglyadv.故意地;蓄意地
11.impactn.巨大影响;强大作用
12.matterv.事关紧要;有重大影响
13.confidentadj.自信的;有自信心的
14.sensen.(对重大事情的)感觉,意识
15.eliminatev.排除;清除;消除
eliminateallgrammaticalmistakes
beeliminatedinthefirstround第1轮被淘汰;
16.disempowerv.剥夺;使失去权利;剥夺力量
注意构词法:
dis(表示否定)+me(使,赋予)+power
en-/me-常见的动词前缀,如:
enable,enrich,endanger,enlarge等。
empowerv.授权,赋予权利
17.self-esteemn.自尊(心)
18.limitv.限制;限定
区分两个名词limit(限度)和limitation(局限性)。
Thereisalimit/arelimitstoone'slife.
Thereisnolimit/arenolimitstoknowledge.
Everyonehashisownlimitations.
19.infiniteadj.极大的;无法衡量的
相关词:
finite(adj.),finitely(adv.),infinitely(否定副词.)
20.stiflev.压制;扼杀;阻止
21.creativityn.创造力
相关词:
create,creation,creator,creative(adj.),creatively(adv.)
22.internaladj.内心的;头脑中的
23.insignificantadj.微不足道的;无足轻重的
相关词:
significant,significance,significantly,insignificance
24.commonlyadv.通常;常常
25.alternativen.可供选择的事物,替代物
havenoalternativebuttodosth.除了…别无选择;
Isthereanyalternativetogoingtothecinema?
不看电影还有其他选择么?
26.fabulousadj.极好的;绝妙的
PhrasesandExpressions
1.carryout完成(任务)
2.beupto取决于
3.haveanimpacton/upon对…产生巨大影响
4.rub…out用橡皮擦掉(字迹等)
5.beincontrolof掌管;管理;控制
TheLanguageofConfidence(自信的语言)
1.Thelanguageweuseprogramsourbrains.Masteringourlanguagegivesusagreatdegreeofmasteryoverourlivesandourdestinies.Itisimportanttousethelanguageinthebestwaypossibleinordertodramaticallyimproveourqualityoflife.
2.Eventhesmallestofwordscanhavethedeepesteffectonoursubconsciousmind,whichislikeachild,anditdoesn'treallyunderstandthedifferencebetweenwhatreallyhappensandwhatyouimagine.①Itiseagertopleaseandwillingtocarryoutanycommandsthatyougiveit-whetheryoudothisknowinglyornotisentirelyuptoyou.
3.Itisasmallwordyetithasanamazingimpactuponus.Ifsomeonesays,"I'lltrytodothat"youknowthattheyarenotgoingtobeputtingtheirwholeheartintoit,andmaynotevendoitatall.②Howoftendoyouusethewordtrywhentalkingaboutthethingsthatmattertoyou?
Doyousay"I'lltrytobemoreconfident"or"I'lltrytodothat"or"I'lltrytocall"?
4.Thinkaboutsomethingthatyouwouldliketoachieve,andsayittoyourselfintwodifferentways.Firstlysay,"I'lltryto…"andnoticehowyoufeel.Nextsay,"Iwilldo…"andseehowyoufeel.。
5.③Thelattermakesyoufeelbetterthanthefirstone,doesn'tit?
Itgivesyouasenseofdetermination,afeelingthatitwillbedone.Listentothepeoplearoundyouandwhentheysaytheywilltrynoticeifitgetsdoneornot.Eliminatethewordtryfromyourdictionaryandseehowyourlifeimproves.(承上句)
6.Thisisanothersmallwordwithabigimpact.Itdisempowersus,makesusfeelweakandhelpless,anddamagesourself-esteem.④Itlimitsourinfiniteabilitiesandstiflescreativity.Rubitoutfromyourinternaldictionaryandreplaceitwithsomethingthatmakesyoufeelgreat.
7.Insteadofsayingyoucan't,whynotsaysomethinglike"Ichoose(愿意)…"or"Ichoosenotto…".Usingwordslikethisallowsyoutotakebackyourpowerandtobeincontrolofyourlife.
8.Wordsmayappearsmallandinsignificant,yettheycanhaveadeepandlastingeffectonus.⑤Masteringyourlanguagegivesyouthepowertolivewhateverlifeyoudesire.
9.Whatwordsdoyouusealotthatdisempoweryou?
Makealistofwordsyoucommonlyuseandthenwritenexttothemsomealternativesyoucanuse.(承上句)⑥Makethesealternativeswordsthatmakeyoufeelfabulous,notonlyaboutyourself,butaboutlifeandwhatyouaredoing!
(承上句)
Unit2–ASpiltMilk(打翻的牛奶)
1.spillv.(使)洒出,泼出,溢出
2.respondv.作出反应;响应
respondto…
response
3.interviewv.(媒体)采访,访问
4.creativeadj.创作的
5.occurv.发生;出现
Itoccurredtomethat…
6.removev.拿开;去掉
7.refrigeratorn.冰箱
8.gripn.紧握;紧抓
9.slipperyadj.滑的;滑得抓不住(或站不稳、难以行走)
10.contentn.所容纳之物;所含之物
11.veritableadj.十足的;名副其实的;不折不扣的
12.yellv.叫喊;大喊;吼叫
13.lecturen.(冗长的)教训,训斥,谴责
14.messn.肮脏;杂乱;不整洁
15.rarelyadv.罕有;很少;不常
rareanimals/stamps
Rarelyishelateforclass.
16.puddlen.水洼;小水坑
17.eventually最后;终于
18.restorev.使复原;使复位;使复职
19.spongen.海绵块
20.effec