山东省济南市学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题附解析.docx

山东省济南市学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题附解析.docx

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山东省济南市学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题附解析

绝密★启用并使用完毕前

高中三年级学情诊断考试

英语试题

注意事项：

1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座号、考号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

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3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

EducatoroftheYearContest

Doyouknowanoutstandingjuniorhighorhighschoolteacher,coach,guidanceadvisor,librarian,orheadmaster?

Nominate（提名）thatspecialpersonyou'llalwaysrememberandgivehim/herthechancetoberecognizedinTeenink!

Guidelines

■Thenationalmagazinewillonlyconsideressayswrittenbyteens,andnominationsmustbeforjuniorhighorhighschooleducatorsonly.Primaryschooleducatorsarenotincluded.

■Convinceusyournomineeisspecial.Tellusabouthisorherstyleofteaching,involvementinschoolactivities,andcommunityservice.Whathasyoureducatordonefortheentireschool,yourclass,foryouoranotherstudent?

Giveexampleswithspecificdetails.Keepyouressaybetween200and1,000words.

■Includethefirstandlast,name,position,andschoolofyoureducator.

■Submitentriesthroughourwebsite.Seeoursubmissionguidelinesformoreinformation.

Prizes

CashawardswillbegiventoeducatorsfromacrossthecountryhonoredasTeenInkEducatorso£theYear.WinningessaysarepublishedinTeeninkmagazine.

Deadlines

ThedeadlineforsubmittingEducatoroftheYearessaysfor2021isMay1,2021.EntriesareacceptedandconsideredforpublicationinTeenInkmagazinethroughouttheyear.WinnerswillbeinformedaftertheJuneissueispublished.

1.Whocanberecommendedforthecontest?

A.Anationalvolunteer.

B.Acommunityeducator.

C.Aprimaryschoolteacher.

D.Ahighschoolheadmaster.

2.Whatistherequirementfortheessay?

A.Itcoversatleast100words.

B.ItistobesubmittedafterMay.

C.Itshouldincludespecificdetails.

D.Itmustbewrittenbyacandidate.

3.Whatwilltheessaywinnersget?

A.Alargesumofcashmoney.

B.Achancetopublishtheiressays.

C.Thebigprizefromtheirschool.

D.ThehonorofEducatoroftheYear.

B

Cory,aged30,wasdiagnosedwithspinalmuscularatrophy（脊髓性肌萎缩症）ataveryyoungage.Becauseofhiscondition,hebeganusingawheelchairatage4.Hismother,SandyGilbreath,raisedhimasasingleparent.Althoughtakingcareofachildwithadisabilitywaschallenging,sheensuredthatCorydidn'tmissoutonthefunthingsinlife.Sandytookhimonroadtripsduringsummerbreaksthroughouthischildhood.Theexcitingexperiencesofexploringnewplacesinspiredhimtosetalifelonggoalofvisitingallsevencontinents.

Fortunately,CorywasabletodothatjustbeforetheCOVID-19started.Heandhis

mothertraveledtoAntarcticainFebruary,justbeforethebordersclosed.Itwastheseventhandfinalcontinentoffhislist.Hebecamethefirst-everwheelchairusertovisitallthesevencontinents!

AccordingtoCory,travelinginawheelchairrequiresawiderangeofplanningandresearch.Hestartshisresearchsixtotwelvemonthsbeforeeachtrip,makingsurethatthereareaccessibletransportationoptionsinthelocation.Hewouldalsocalluphotelsorrentalhomestoconfirmiftheyaretrulyasaccessibleastheyclaimtobe.

WhenCorystartedgoingonadventures,thereweren'tmanyonlineresourcesdiscussingaccessibletravel.Tohelpothertravelerswithdisabilitiesexploretheworldashedoes,hedecidedtosharehisknowledgeinhisblog.Aimingtopromoterepresentationofthewheelchair-usingcommunity,Coryandhismotherwroteachildren'sbook,titledLet'sExplorewithCorCor,whichisaboutaboywhotravelsaroundtheworldinhispoweredwheelchair.

^Travelingtoallsevencontinentswasn'tsomethingIwassurewasgoingtobepossible,"hesaid."Butifyoustaydeterminedandkeepapositiveattitude,theopportunitiesarelimitless."4.WhatmadeCoryLeedecidetovisitallsevencontinents?

A.Hismother'sexpectation.

B.Histravellingexperiences.

C.Hisdreamofhelpingothers.

D.Hisobjectiveofmakingahistory.

5.WhatworriesCorymostaboutatrip?

A.Rentalfees.

B.Localattractions.

C.Accommodation.

D.Transportation.

6.WhydidCoryandhismotherwritethebook?

A.Toenrichonlineresources.

B.Torecordtravellingevents.

C.Tohelppeoplewithspecialneeds.

D.Tointroducewheelchairadventures.

7.WhatcanwelearnfromCory'sstory?

A.Nothingcanpreventadeterminedheart.

B.Disabilitycanturnintoanopportunity,C.Travellingshapesapositiveattitude.

D.Momisthecreatorofchildren'sdreams.

C

Doyoulikethewoollymammoths（长毛象）fromthemovieIceAge?

Toobadthey'reextinct?

Thankstorecentdevelopmentsinbiotechnology,thestuffofsciencefictionmaysoonbecomearealitythroughanattractiveprocesscalled"de—extinction",whichaimstobringtheextinctspeciesback.Theresurrected（复活的）speciesarefunctionallyequaltotheoriginalextinctspecies,buttheyarenotexactcopies.

Therearethreeprimarytechniquesofde—extinction.Oneofthemisthatscientistsdeliberatelyselectexistingspecieswithsimilarcharacterstotheextinctspeciestoproducelatergeneration.Thisisanaturalmethod.Anotheriscloning.AclonedanimaliscreatedbyobtainingtheDNAoftheextinctanimal.Thelatergenerationwillbeanidenticalcopyoftheextinctspecies.Thisisonlyappliedtoanimalsthatareeitherendangeredorhaverecentlygoneextinct,asitrequireswell-preservedeggs.Thethirdisthenewesttechnique,genetic（基因）engineering.Itusesgene-editingtoolstoplaceselectedgenesfromextinctanimalsinplaceofthosepresentinitsclosestlivingrelative.

IfwerefertoJurassicPark,resurrectingextinctanimalsisaterribleidea.Thankfully,wedon'thavetoworryaboutdinosaursrunningwildly,astheirDNAhasdisintegratedoverthe65millionyearssincetheirextinction.DNAcansurviveforseveralmillionyearsatbestundercertainrareconditions,butdoesthatmeanweshoulddothat?

De—extinctionismoreforecologythanfortourism.EcologistBenNovaksaid,“Allanimalsperformcriticalrolesintheirecosystem.Woollymammoths,forexample,wereexcellentgardeners.TheirdisappearancewasfollowedbyalossindiversityandtheArcticgrasslandbecameacold,icefield.Ifaresurrectedanimalisalwaysgoingtobeazooanimalthenitshouldn'tbebroughtback.”

8.WhydoestheauthormentionthemovieIceAge?

A.Torecallthejoyfromthemovie.

B.Toleadtheaudienceintothetopic.

C.Toattractreaders,attentiontothemovie.

D.Toshowfunctionsofresurrectinganimals.

9.Whatismainlydiscussedaboutde—extinctioninParagraph2?

A.Itsmainmethods.

B.Itswideapplication.

C.Itscomplexprocedures.

D.Itsdistinctcharacteristic.

10.Whatcanreplacetheunderlinedword“disintegrated“inParagraph3?

A.Brokenaway.

B.Pickedup.

C.Fallenapart.

D.Runout.

11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwebringextinctanimalsback?

B.Doyoulikethewoollymammoths?

C.Willdinosaursbeseeninthezoos?

D.Shouldwepromotecloningskills?

D

Wealreadyknowthatsaltcanleadtoheartdisease.Butcoulditalsoaffectourmind?

Scientistsfoundthatahigh-saltdietcausedcognitiveimpairments（认知损伤）inmice»anditcouldproducethesameeffectonhumans.

CostantinoIadecola，directoroftheFeilFamilyBrainandMindResearchtheInstitute,saidtheyfedthemiceeighttosixteentimestheirnormalsaltintakeandthentestedthemice.Afteraboutthreemonths,themicehadabigchangeintheirbehavior.Miceareverycurious,andtheyliketolookfornewthings.However,thetestedmicelosttheabilitytoidentifyanormalobject.Whenthemicewereputintheircageandaskedtofindaquietspot,

theydidnotrememberwherethequietspotwas.Thenwhenthemicewerebuildinganest,whichissomethingthemicedodaily,they,wereunabletodoso.Theresearchsuggestedhumanswouldexperienceasimilarresponse.

StudieshaveshownAustralianseatarounddoubletherecommendedamountofsalteachday,mostofitcomingfromprocessedfood.DrladecolasaidtheestimatedtwoteaspoonsofsalttheaverageAustralianeatseachdaycouldaffectthebrainfunctioninthelongterm.However,thedeclinemightnotbeasobviousasinthemice,whoweregivenextremelyhighlevelsofsalt."Butprobablyoveryearsandperhapsdecades-asopposedtoafewmonthsforthemouse-evenlowerlevelsofsaltmayhaveaterribleeffect,"Drladecolasaid.

“Highlevelsofsaltcauseseriousimmune（免疫）changesintheorgansinandaroundthestomach,resultinginanalmostautoimmuneeffectonthebrain.Itispartofagrowingbodyofevidencethatwereallyarewhatweeat,“BryceVissel,directoroftheCentreforNeuroscienceattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,said."Thosechangesinturncauseallsortsofresponsesinthebody,whichovertimecertainlycontributetocognitiveimpairments."12.Whichcandescribethetestedmice?

A.Theyremainedquietallday.

B.Theybecamesmarterthanever.

C.Theyforgotsomeroutinethings.

D.Theywerequickatfindingobjects.

13.WhatdoweknowaboutAustralians?

A.Theyignorehealthadvice.B.Theyhaveahigher-saltdiet.

C.Theydislikeprocessedfood.D.Theyvaluetheirbrainhealth.

14.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?

A.StudiescarriedoutbyBryceVissel.

B.Immunechangesbroughtaboutbysalt.

C.Effectsofdailydietsonhumanbehaviors.

D.Linksbetweensaltintakeandbraindamage.

15.Whatdoesthetextsuggest?

A.Brainhealthcountsmuch.B.Thebodynevertellsalie.

C.Low-saltdietistobeadvocated.D.Heartdiseasescanbeprevented.

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分1