新视野大学英语2 Unit 6.docx

新视野大学英语2 Unit 6.docx

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新视野大学英语2Unit6

Unit6

SectionA

Pre-readingActivities

FirstListening

Pleaselistentoashortpassagecarefullyandpreparetoanswersomequestions.

SecondListening

Listentothetapeagain.Thenanswerthefollowingquestionswithyourownexperiences.

1）Whataresomeofthewaysnamescanmakeadifference?

2）Inwhatwaycanteachersbeguiltyofnameprejudice?

3）Whatdoesthewritersuggestyoudoifyournamedoesnotsuityou?

AsHisNameIs,SoIsHe!

Forherfirsttwenty-fouryears,she'dbeenknownasDebbie—anamethatdidn'tsuithergoodlooksandelegantmanner."MynamehasalwaysmademethinkIshouldbeacook,"shecomplained."Ijustdon'tfeellikeaDebbie."

Oneday,whilefillingoutanapplicationformforapublishingjob,theyoungwomanimpulsivelysubstitutedhermiddlename,Lynne,forherfirstnameDebbie."ThatwasthesmartestthingIeverdid,"shesaysnow."AssoonasIstoppedcallingmyselfDebbie,Ifeltmorecomfortablewithmyself...andotherpeoplestartedtotakememoreseriously."Twoyearsafterhersuccessfuljobinterview,theformerwaitressisnowasuccessfulmagazineeditor.FriendsandassociatescallherLynne.

Naturally,thenamechangedidn'tcauseDebbie/Lynne'sprofessionalachievement—butitsurelyhelpedifonlybyaddingabitofself-confidencetohertalents.Socialscientistssaythatwhatyou'recalledcanaffectyourlife.Throughouthistory,nameshavenotmerelyidentifiedpeoplebutalsodescribedthem."…Ashisnameis,soishe..."saystheBible,andWebster'sDictionaryincludesthefollowingdefinitionofname:

"awordorwordsexpressingsomequalityconsideredcharacteristicordescriptiveofapersonorathing,oftenexpressingapprovalordisapproval."Notewell"approvalordisapproval".Forbetterorworse,qualitiessuchasfriendlinessorreserve,plainnessorcharmmaybesuggestedbyyournameandconveyedtootherpeoplebeforetheyevenmeetyou.

Namesbecomeattachedtospecificimages,asanyonewho'sbeencalled"aplainJane"or"justanaverageJoe"canshow.ThelatternameparticularlybothersmesincemynameisJoe,whichsomethinkmakesmemorequalifiedtobeabaseballplayerthan,say,anartcritic.Yet,despitethisdisadvantage,Ididmanagetobecomeanartcriticforatime.Evenso,oneprominentmagazineconsistentlyrefusedtoprint"Joe"inmyby-line,usingmyfirstinitials,J.S.,instead.IsuspectthatifIwereamorerefinedArthurorAdrian,thenamewouldhaveappearedcomplete.

Ofcourse,nameswithapositivesensecanworkforyou,evenencouragenewacquaintances.ArecentsurveyshowedthatAmericanmenthoughtSusantobethemostattractivefemalename,whilewomenbelievedRichardandDavidwerethemostattractiveformen.OnewomanIknowturneddownablinddatewithamannamedHarrybecause"hesoundeddull".Severaleveningslater,shecameuptomeataparty,pressingforanintroductiontoaveryimpressiveman;they'dbeenexchangingglancesallevening."Oh,"Isaid."YoumeanHarry."Shewasillatease.

Thoughmostofuswouldliketothinkourselvesfreefromsuchprejudicednotions,we'reallguiltyofnamestereotypingtosomeextent.Confess:

Wouldn'tyoubesurprisedtomeetacarpenternamedNigel?

AphysicistcalledBertha?

APopeMel?

Often,weprojectname-basedstereotypesonpeople,asonewomanfrienddiscoveredwhiletakingchargeofanursery-school'sgroupoffour-yearolds."ThereIwas,tryingtogetalittleactiveboynamedJuliantositquietlyandreadabook—andpushingathoughtfulcreaturenamedRorytoplayball.Ihadtheirpersonalitiesconfusedbecauseoftheirnames!

"

Apparently,suchprejudicescanaffectclassroomachievementaswell.InastudyconductedbyHerbertHarariofSanDiegoStateUniversity,andJohnMcDavidofGeorgiaStateUniversity,teachersgaveconsistentlylowergradesonessaysapparentlywrittenbyboysnamedElmerandHubertthantheyawardedtothesamepaperswhenthewriter'snamesweregivenasMichaelandDavid.However,teacherprejudiceisn'ttheonlysourceofclassroomdifference.Dr.ThomasV.BusseandLouisaSeraydarianofTempleUniversityfoundthosegirlswithnamessuchasLinda,Diane,Barbara,Carol,andCindyperformedbetteronobjectivelygradedIQandachievementteststhandidgirlswithlessappealingnames.（Acompanionstudyshowedgirls'popularitywiththeirpeerswasalsorelatedtothepopularityoftheirnames—althoughtheconnectionwaslessclearforboys.）

Thoughyourparentsprobablymeantyournametolastalifetime,rememberthatwhentheypickeditthey'dhardlymetyou,andthehopesanddreamstheyvaluedwhentheychoseitmaynotmatchyours.Ifyournamenolongerseemstofityou,don'tdespair;youaren'tstuckwiththelabel.Moviestarsregularlychangetheirnames,andwithsomedetermination,youcan,too.

Words:

752

NEWWORDS

elegant

a.tastefulinappearanceormanner优雅的，文雅的，精致的

application

n.1.[U,C]officialrequest申请，请求

2.[U,C]actofputtingatheory,discovery,etc.topracticaluse应用，使用，运用

substitute

vt.putorusesb./sth.toreplacesb./sth.else代替，替换，代用

vi.actorserveasareplacement代替，代用

n.[C]apersonorthingthatreplaces,actsfororservesassb.orsth.else代理人，代替的人，代用品，代用物

naturally

ad.1.ofcourse;asmightbeexpected当然，预料中地

2.bynature天性，天生

confidence

n.1.[U]feelingofcertainty;trustinone'sownability信心，自信

2.[U]trust（insb.,insb.'sability,orinwhatissaid,reported,etc.）信赖，信任，相信

self-confidence

n.[U]trustinoneself;trustinone'sownabilities自信

talent

n.1.[C,U]specialorgreatability天才，才能

2.[U]peoplewhohave（a）talent有才干的人，人才

bible

n.1.[U]（B-）《圣经》

2.[C]anyofficialbooksupportedbyauthorities公认为权威的典籍

definition

n.1.[C]astatementthatgivestheexactmeaning（ofwords,etc）定义，释义

2.[U]clearnessofshape,sound,color,etc.清晰度

characteristic

a.representative特有的，独特的

n.[C]aspecialquality特点，特征

approval

n.[U]feelingorshowingorsayingthatonethinkssth.isgoodorsatisfactory赞成，同意，批准，认可

disapproval

n.[U]feelingthatsth.orsb.isbadorwrong,etc.反对，不赞成

reserve

n.1.[U]thehabitofnotshowingone'sfeelingsorthoughts矜持，拘谨

2.[C,U]thingkeptforlateruse留待以后用的东西，储备量

vt.1.keepsth.foraparticularpurposeortime保留，留出，储备

2.order（seats,accommodation,etc.）forusebyaparticularpersonatafuturetime预定或保留（座位、席位），登记

specific

a.1.detailedandexact具体的，明确的

2.relatingtooneparticularthing,etc.;notgeneral特有的，特定的

latter

a.1.beingthesecondoftwopeople,thingsorgroupsmentionedbefore（两者中的）后者的

2.neartotheendofaperiod后面的

n.（the～）thesecondoftwothingsorpeoplealreadymentioned后者

qualify

v.haveorgive（sb.）thequalities,training,etc.thataresuitableornecessary（forsth.）（使）具有资格，（使）合格

critic

n.[C]apersonwhodescribesandjudgesthequalityofsth.,esp.worksofart,music,etc.（文学、艺术、音乐）评论家，批评家

prominent

a.1.important;well-known重要的；杰出的，显著的，著名的

2.stickingoutfromasurface突出的，凸起的

■by-line

n.[C]alineatthebeginningorendofanarticleinanewspaper,etc.givingthewriter'sname（报刊文章首、尾处的）作者署名

refine

vt.1.make（sb./sth.）moreelegant使文雅，使高尚

2.makepureorimproveesp.byremovingunwantedmaterial提炼，精炼

acquaintance

n.1.[C]apersonwhomoneknowsbutwhoisnotaclosefriend相识的人

2.[U]（oftenslight）knowledgeofsb./sth.了解

attractive

a.verypleasinginappearanceorsound,orcausinginterestorpleasure动人的，引人入胜的，富有吸引力的

impressive

a.havingastrongeffectonsb.使人印象深刻的

▲stereotype

vt.formafixedsetofideasthatisgenerallydisapprovingaboutthecharacteristicsofacertaingroupofpeopleorthings对……形成固定看法

n.[C]animage,idea,character,etc.thathasbecomefixedinaroutineform固定的形象，陈规，老套，旧框框

extent

n.1.thedegreespecified程度

2.[U]length;area;range长度；面积；范围

confess

v.1.admitoftenunwillingly承认

2.admitthatonehasdonesth.wrong,esp.whenwhatyouhavedoneissecret坦白，供认

carpenter

n.[C]apersonwhosejobismakingorrepairingwoodenthings木匠，木工

physicist

n.[C]anexpertinorstudentofphysics物理学家，研究物理学的人

▲pope

n.[C]（usu.theP-）（天主教）教皇

nursery

n.1.[C]aplacewherechildrenarecaredfor,usu.whiletheirparentsareatwork,etc.托儿所

2.[C]aplacewhereplantsandtreesaregrown苗圃

thoughtful

a.1.thinkingdeeply深思的，思考的

2.showingcarefortheneedofothers体贴的，关心的，考虑周到的

creature

n.1.[C]alivingbeing,esp.ananimal生物，动物

2.[C]（oftenusedafteranadjective）aperson人

award

vt.giveesp.astheresultofanofficialdecision授予，给予

n.[C]sth.awarded奖金，奖品

objective

a.notinfluencedbypersonalfeelings;fair不受个人感情影响的，客观的，公正的

n.[C]athingaimedatorwishedfor;purpose目标，目的

objectively

ad.inanobjectivemanner客观地，客观上地

■IQ

n.[C,U]intelligencequotient,acomparativemeasureofaperson'sintelligence智商

intelligence

n.[U]（good）abilitytolearn,reason,andunderstand智力，智慧，理解力

quotient

n.anumberwhichistheresultwhenonenumberisdividedbyanother商数，商

despair

vi.havelostallhope失望，绝望

n.1.[U]stateofhavinglostallhope失望，绝望

2.[C]apersonwhomakesotherpeoplegiveuphope令人感到不可救药的人

label

n.1.[C]adescriptivewordorwordsappliedtoaperson,group,etc.（用以形容人、团体等的）称号，外号

2.[C]apieceofpaper,cloth,metal,etc.onorbesideanobjectanddescribingitsnature,name,owner,etc.标签，签条

vt.1.describesb./sth.把……称为

2.putalabelorlabelsonsth.把标签贴在……上，用标签标明

determination

n.1.[U]firmnessofobjective决心，坚定，决断力

2.[U]exactfixing（ofsth.）;deciding决定，确定

PHRASESANDEXPRESSIONS

fillout

addwhatisnecessarytomakesth.complete填写

forbetterorworse

whethertheresultisgoodorbad不管结果好坏

conveyto

make（ideas,feeli