高考英语阅读理解.docx

高考英语阅读理解.docx

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高考英语阅读理解

A组　2016～2014年各省市高考题（改编）

Passage5　（2015·新课标全国Ⅱ）

Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.

Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating，forpeopleareoftenlessselfconscious（难为情）whenthey'reinpoorlylitplaces－andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn'thaveenoughwindowlight，getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.

Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy，peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing，whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit'stimetorepaint，goblue.

Don'tforgettheclock－ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories（卡路里）permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime，andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou'reatit，actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown，turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.

Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12inchplateinsteadofa10inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone，totalintake（摄入）jumpsby14percent.Andwe'llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort，wideglassthanatall，skinnyglass.

1．Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout________.

A．theirhomecomfortsB．theirbodyshapeC．housebuyingD．healthydiets

2．Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople________.

A．digestfoodbetterB．reducefoodintake

C．burnmorecaloriesD．regaintheirappetites

3．Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?

A．Eatquickly.B．Playfastmusic.C．Usesmallerspoons.D．Turndownthelights.

★4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?

B．WaysofServingDinner

C．EffectsofSelfConsciousnessD．IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?

Passage6　（2015·安徽）

Whenherfivedaughterswereyoung,HeleneAnalwaystoldthemthattherewasstrengthinunity（团结）.Toshowthis,shehelduponechopstick,representingoneperson.Thensheeasilybrokeitintotwopieces.Next,shetiedseveralchopstickstogether,representingafamily.Sheshowedthegirlsitwashardtobreakthetiedchopsticks.Thislessonaboutfamilyunitystayedwiththedaughtersastheygrewup.

HeleneAnandherfamilyownalargerestaurantbusinessinCalifornia.However,whenHeleneandherhusbandDannylefttheirhomeinVietnamin1975,theydidn'thavemuchmoney.TheymovedtheirfamilytoSanFrancisco.TheretheyjoinedDanny'smother,Diana,whoownedasmallItaliansandwichshop.Soonafterwards,HeleneandDianachangedthesandwichshopintoasmallVietnameserestaurant.Thefivedaughtershelpedintherestaurantwhentheywereyoung.However,Helenedidnotwantherdaughterstoalwaysworkinthefamilybusinessbecauseshethoughtitwastoohard.

Eventuallythegirlsallgraduatedfromcollegeandwentawaytoworkforthemselves,butonebyone,thedaughtersreturnedtoworkinthefamilybusiness.TheyopenednewrestaurantsinSanFranciscoandLosAngeles.Eventhoughfamilymemberssometimesdisagreedwitheachother,theyworkedtogethertomakethebusinesssuccessful.DaughterElisabethexplains,“Ourmothertaughtusthattosucceedwemusthaveunity,andtohaveunitywemusthavepeace.Withoutthestrengthofthefamily,thereisnobusiness.”

Theirexpandingbusinessbecamealargecorporationin1996,withthreegenerationsofAnsworkingtogether.NowtheAns'corporationmakesmorethan$20millioneachyear.Althoughtheybeganwithasmallrestaurant,theyhadbigdreams,andtheyworkedtogether.Nowtheyareabigsuccess.

1．Helenetiedseveralchopstickstogethertoshow________.

A．thestrengthoffamilyunityB．thedifficultyofgrowingup

C．theadvantageofchopsticksD．thebestwayofgivingalesson

2．WecanlearnfromParagraph2thattheAnfamily________________.

A．startedabusinessin1975B．leftVietnamwithoutmuchmoney

C．boughtarestaurantinSanFranciscoD．openedasandwichshopinLosAngeles

3．WhatcanweinferabouttheAndaughters?

A．Theydidnotfinishtheircollegeeducation.

B．Theycouldnotbeartoworkinthefamilybusiness.

C．TheywereinfluencedbywhatHelenetaughtthem.

D．Theyweretroubledbydisagreementamongfamilymembers.

★4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．HowtoRunaCorporationB．StrengthComesfromPeace

C．HowtoAchieveaBigDreamD．FamilyUnityBuildsSuccess

Passage7　（2015·安徽）

AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostoreinformation,arepeoplerememberingless?

Ifyouknowyourcomputerwillsaveinformation,whystoreitinyourownpersonalmemory,yourbrain?

ExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.

Inarecentstudy,ProfessorBetsySparrowconductedsomeexperiments.SheandherresearchteamwantedtoknowhowtheInternetischangingmemory.Inthefirstexperiment,theygavepeople40unimportantfactstotypeintoacomputer.Thefirstgroupofpeopleunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldsavetheinformation.Thesecondgroupunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldnotsaveit.Later,thesecondgrouprememberedtheinformationbetter.Peopleinthefirstgroupknewtheycouldfindtheinformationagain,sotheydidnottrytorememberit.

Inanotherexperiment,theresearchersgavepeoplefactstoremember,andtoldthemwheretofindtheinformationonthecomputer.Theinformationwasinaspecificcomputerfolder（文件夹）.Surprisingly,peoplelaterrememberedthefolderlocation（位置）betterthanthefacts.WhenpeopleusetheInternet,theydonotremembertheinformation.Rather,theyrememberhowtofindit.Thisiscalled“transactivememory（交互记忆）”

AccordingtoSparrow,wearenotbecomingpeoplewithpoormemoriesasaresultoftheInternet.Instead,computerusersaredevelopingstrongertransactivememories;thatis,peoplearelearninghowtoorganizehugequantitiesofinformationsothattheyareabletoaccessitatalaterdate.Thisdoesn'tmeanwearebecomingeithermoreorlessintelligent,butthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging.

★1.Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto________.

A．introducethemaintopicB．showtheauthor'saltitude

C．describehowtousetheInternet.D．explainhowtostoreinformation

2．Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirstexperiment?

A．TheSparrow'steamtypedtheinformationintoacomputer.

B．Thetwogroupsrememberedtheinformationequallywell.

C．Thefirstgroupdidnottrytoremembertheinformation.

D．Thesecondgroupdidnotunderstandtheinformation.

3．Intransactivememory,people________.

A．keeptheinformationinmindB．changethequantityofinformation

C．organizeinformationlikeacomputerD．rememberhowtofindtheinformation

4．WhatistheeffectoftheInternetaccordingtoSparrow'sresearch?

A．Weareusingmemorydifferently.B．Wearebecomingmoreintelligent.

C．Wehavepoorermemoriesthanbefore.D．Weneedabetterwaytoaccessinformation.

Passage8　（2015·四川）

NooneissurehowtheancientEgyptiansbuiltthepyramidsnearCairo.Butanewstudysuggeststheyusedalittlerock‘n’roll.Longagobuilderscouldhaveattachedwoodenpolestothestonesandrolledthenacrossthesand,thescientistssay.

“Technically,Ithinkwhatthey'reproposingispossible，”physicistDanielBonnsaid.

PeoplehavelongpuzzledoverhowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.Andthere'snoobviousanswer.Onaverage,eachofthetwomillionbigstonesweighedaboutasmuchasalargepickuptruck.TheEgyptianssomehowmovedthestoneblockstothepyramidsitefromaboutonekilometeraway.

ThemostpopularviewisthatEgyptianworkersslidtheblocksalongsmoothpaths.Manyscientistssuspectworkersfirstwouldhaveputtheblocksonsleds（滑板）．Thentheywouldhavedraggedthemalongpaths.Tomaketheworkeasier,workersmayhavelubricated_the_pathseitherwithwetclayorwiththefatfromcattle.Bonnhasnowtestedthisideabybuildingsmallsledsanddraggingheavyobjectsoversand.

Evidencefromthesandsupportsthisidea.Researchersfoundsmallamountsoffat,aswellasalargeamountofstoneandtheremainsofpaths.

However,physicistJosephWestthinkstheremighthavebeenasimplerway,wholedthenewstudy.Westsaid,“Iwasinspiredwhilewatchingatelevisionprogramshowinghowsledsmighthavehelpedwithpyramidconstruction.Ithought,‘Whydon'ttheyjusttryrollingthethings？

’”Asquarecouldbeturnedintoaroughsortofwheelbyattachingwoodenpolestoitssides,herealized.That,henotes,shouldmakeablockofstone“aloteasiertorollthanasquare”．

Sohetriedit.

Heandhisstudentstiedsomepolestoeachoffoursidesofa30kilogramstoneblock.Thatactionturnedtheblockintosomewhatawheel.Thentheyplacedtheblockontheground.

Theywrappedoneendofaropearoundtheblockandpulled.Theresearchersfoundtheycouldeasilyrolltheblockalongdifferentkindsofpaths.Theycalculatedthatrollingtheblockrequiredaboutasmuchforceasmovingitalongaslippery（滑的）path.

Westhasn'ttestedhisideaonlargerblocks，buthethinksrollinghasclearadvantagesoversliding.Atleast，workerswouldn'thaveneededtocarrycattlefatorwatertosmooththepaths.

1．It'swidelybelievedthatthestoneblocksweremovedtothepyramidsiteby________.

A．rollingthemonroads