英语听力.docx

英语听力.docx

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英语听力

1、OneofAmerica'smostimportantexportsishermodernmusic.Americanmusicisplayedallovertheworld.Itisenjoyedbythepeopleofallagesinallcountries.Al-thoughthelyricsareEnglish,peoplenotspeakingEnglishenjoyit.Thereasonsforitspopularityareitsfastpaceandrhythmicbeat.

ThemusichasmanyoriginsintheUnitedStates.Countrymusic,comingfromtheruralareasinthesouthernUnitedStates,isonesource.Countrymusicfeaturessimplethemesandmelodiesdescribingday-to-daysituationsandthefeelingsofcountrypeople.Manypeopleappreciatethismusicbecauseoftheemotionsexpressedbycountrymusicsongs.

AsecondoriginofAmericanpopularmusicistheblues.ItdepictsmostlysadfeelingsreflectingthedifficultlivesofAmericanblacks.Itisusuallyplayedandsungbyblackmusicians,butitispopularwithallAmericans.

Rockmusicisanewerformofmusic.Thismusicstyle,featuringfastandrepetitiousrhythms,wasinfluencedbythebluesandcountrymusic.Itwasfirstknownasrock-and-rollinthe1950s.Sincethentherehavebeenmanyformsofrockmusic:

hardrock,softrock,andothers.Manyperformersofpopularmusicareyoungmusicians.

Americanpopularmusicismarketedtoademandingaudience.Nowpopularsongsareheardontheradioseveraltimesaday.Somesongshavebecomepopularallovertheworld.PeoplehearthesesongssungintheiroriginalEnglishorsometimestranslatedintootherlanguages.Thewordsmaydifferbuttheenjoymentofthemusicisuniversal.

2、

PeopleintheUSgetatwo-weekpaidvacationfromtheirjobeveryyear.MostBritishpeoplehavefourorfiveweekspaidholidayayear.AmericansoftencomplainthattwoweeksisnotenoughespeciallywhentheyhearaboutthelongerholidaysthatEuropeansenjoy.Inaddition,thereareeightdaysineachEuropeancountry,whicharepublicholidays（theBritishcallBankHoliday）andmanyofthesefallonaMondaygivingpeoplealongweekend.

WhatdopeopledoinBritainandtheUSwhentheyareonholidays?

IntheUS,outdoorvacationsarepopular,forexample,attheGrandCanyonorYellowstoneorothernationalparksorforests.Youngpeoplemaygowalkingorcampinginthemountains.Manypeoplehavesmalltrailersinwhichtotravel,oriftheyareinacar,theymaystayatmotelsonthejourney.DisneylandandDisneyworldarealsopopularandpeoplecangoskiingintheRockyMountainsofColorado,WyomingandMontana.Somechildrengotosummercampforaholidayduringthesummervacationfromschool,wheretheydospecialactivities,suchassportsorcrafts.WhenAmericanswantaholidayforfuninthesun,theyusuallygotoFlorida,Hawaii,MexicoortheCaribbean.TheymaygotoEuropeforculture,forexample,toseeart,plays,andplacesofhistoricinterest.

InBritain,manypeopleliketogototheseasideforholidays.Thereareplacesnearthesea,suchasBlackpool,ScarboroughandBournemouth,wherethereisplentytodoevenwhenitrains.Peoplealsoliketogotothecountry,especiallytowalk,inplaceslikeScotland,WalesandtheLakeDistrict.WhentheBritishgoabroadtheyusuallywanttogosomewherewarm.SpainandtheSpanishislandsofMajoreaandIbizaarepopularasareotherplacesinsouthernEurope.Forskiing,peopleoftengototheAlps.

3、

EstablishedonJanuary1,1995,WorldTradeOrganizationisthesuccessortotheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade（GATT）.Itexiststopromoteafree-marketinternationaltradesystem.TheWTOpromotestradeby:

1.reducingtariffs;

2.prohibitingimportorexportbansorquotas;

3.eliminatingdiscriminationagainstforeignproductsandservices;

4.eliminatingotherimpedimentstotrade,commonlycalled"non-tarifftradebarriers''.

WithChina'ssuccessfulentryintoWTOinNov2001,itcurrentlyhas135membercountries,accountingforover90%ofworldtrade.Over30othersarenegotiatingmembership.TheWTO'stop-leveldecision-makingbodyistheministerialconferencewhichmeetsatleastonceeverytwoyears.Overthree-quartersofWTOmembersaredevelopingcountries.SpecialprovisionsforthesemembersareincludedintheWTO'sagreements.GATTisnowtheWTO'sprincipalrule-book.

Decisionsaremadebytheentiremembershipbyconsensusormajorityvote.TheWTO'sagreementshavebeenratifiedinallmembers'parliaments.Ifatradebarrierisfoundtobeunfair,theWTOcanauthorizetheimpositionoftradesanctionstoforceachangeinthatcountry'slaw.TheWTOexemptstradebarrierswhicharedesignedtoconservenaturalresourcesorprotecthealth.

CriticssaytheWTOcreditsagreementsareskewedinfavorofrichcountries.Thewestmaypreachtradeliberalization,butithasusednegotiationstoprizethirdworldmarketwhilekeepingitsownbarriersintact.

4、

Since1945morethanonemillionstudentsfromallovertheworldhavestudiedintheUnitedStatessince1945.Inarecentsingleyear,thereweremorethan150thousandforeignstudentswhocametotheUnitedStates'institutionsofhigherlearning.Theywerewelcomedandmostweresuccessfulintheiracademicstudies.ForeignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbenefitalotfromtheeducationalsystemoftheUnitedStates.

Threedevelopmentsthattoday’sstudentsarebenefitingfromstartedmorethanacenturyagofollowingtheCivilWar.Thefirstofthesewastherapidgrowthofthetechnologicalandprofessionaleducationtomeettheurgentdemandsofacomplexindustrialandurbansociety.Newschoolsoftechnology,engineering,architecture,lawandmedicineflourished.Thesecondwastheprovisionforgraduatestudy,suchaswhathadlongexistedinFranceandGermany.HarvardandJohnHopkinsUniversitiesquicklytooktheleadinthisfield,butthestateuniversitiesdidnotlagfarbehind.Thethirdwastheincreasedprovisionfortheeducationofwomen.Thisincludedtheestablishmentofnewwomen'scolleges,suchasVassar,WellesleyandSmith,andtheadoptionofco-educationinallthenewstateuniversitiesaswellasinmanyprivateinstitutions.Thesedevelopments,thegrowthofthetechnologicalandprofessionaleducation,theprovisionforgraduatestudy,andtheincreasededucationalopportunitiesforwomenbeganoveracenturyago,welloverthirteendecadessincetheendoftheCivilWar.

5、

FindingtherightplacetoliveincanhelpensureamostrewardingexperienceintheUnitedStatesforinternationalstudents.Dependingonyoursituation,whetheryouareherealoneorwithafamily,thedurationofyourstay,theamountofprivacyyouwouldlike,anythingfromlivingoncampusinaresidencehalltoprivateaccommodationinamotelcouldsuityourneeds.AsanESLstudent,yourhousingmayormaynotbeincludedinthestudyprogram.Thebasicchoicetomakeiswhethertoliveonoroffcampus.Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagestoboth.

Theadvantagesoflivingoncampusareasfollows:

youwillhaveafurnishedroom,easyaccesstocampusfacilitiessuchaslibraries,computerlabs,sportsfacilitiesandcafeterias,accesstosocialactivitiesandpeers,andmaximuminteractionwithotherstudents.Eatingoncampusisusuallycheaper,andyoudon'thavetoworryabouttransportationtoandfromclasses.Therearealsosomedisadvantages.Youmaybesharingabedroomwithotherstudents,soyouwillnothavemuchprivacy.Youmustbeflexibleinlivingwithothers.

Theadvantagesforlivingoffcampusareasfollows:

youwillhaveprivacy,morereal-worldexperiences,yourownbathroomandkitchenfacilities,andfurnishedrooms.Itispossibletohavevisitorsatanytimeandsuitableforstudentswiththeirfamilies.However,therearesomedisadvantages.Theroomsarenotalwaysfurnished.Unlessyouarelivingwithahostfamily,thereisalackofspontaneoussocialactivitieswithpeople.Andtransportationisinconvenient.Youmaywastesometimeintransittoandfromclasses.

6、

Thesoundofbirdscanbedividedintothreetypesincludingsinging,cryingandvoiceimitating.Singingisnormallyacontinuousmulti-syllablemelodyutteredbythebirdsandcontrolledbysexhormones.Somesortsofsingingarequitemelodiousandpleasant.Duringthebreedingcycle,thechangingandpleasantcriesofmalebirdsaretypicalsongs.Singingisanimportantwayforabirdtodefenditsterritory,topronounceithasoccupiedaplaceandtowarnotherbirdsnottoenterthearea.Thesingingvarietyofbirds’songsaredifferentandmorecomplicatedthantheircommoncries,whichmainlyhappeninthebreedingcycleinspringandsummer.Criesarenotcontrolledbysexhormonesandcanbeutteredbybothmaleandfemalebirds.Usuallybirdcriesareshortandsimple.Buttheycanmeanalot.Theyareusedtocommunicatewithoneanotherandtowarnoneanotheraboutdangers.Thecriesofbirdscanexpresscalling,warning,surpriseandthreat.Sometimesitisverydifficulttodistinguishcryingfromsinging.Generallyspeaking,criesarenotaffectedbythechangeofseasonsandcanbemadebyallbirds.Cryingisanimportantwayforbirdstocommunicatewithoneanother.Voiceimitatingbirdsimitatethecryingorvoiceofotherbirds.Thebiologicalcauseofvoiceimitatingisnotclearevennowanditishighlyprobablethatitwilltakealongtimeforpeopletodiscoverthemystery.

7

Themedicalworldisgraduallyrealizingthatthequalityoftheenvironmentinhospitalsmayplayasignificantroleintheprocessofrecoveryfromillness.AspartofanationwideeffortinBritaintobringartoutofthegalleriesandintopublicplaces,someofthecountry'smosttalentedartistshavebeencalledontotransformolderhospitalsandto“softenthehardedgesofmodernbuildings".Ofthe2,500NationalHealthService