论旅游英语的特征英语论文.docx
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论旅游英语的特征英语论文
OnDistinctiveFeaturesofTourismEnglish
论旅游英语的特征
Abstract
WiththerapiddevelopmentofChinesetourismindustry,moreandmoreforeigntouristshavecometoChina.AlthoughnotallforeigntouristsarefromEnglish-speakingcountries,English,asacommonlanguageintoday'sworld,hasbecomethemostimportantmediumofcommunicationwheninternationaltouristactivitiesareinvolved.Asaresult,tourismEnglishappearsasESPEnglish,andbecomespopularandnecessaryinChinesetourism.ManyChinesestudentsmajoringintourismlearntourismEnglishasacourse.AlargenumberofemployeesintourismindustrystarttouseEnglishintheirwork.Inthiscase,thisessayfirstlyaimsatexposingthelanguagefunctionsoftourismEnglish,andanalyzesitsdistinctivefeaturesintermsoflinguisticsandculture,whichidentifiestourismEnglishasaspecialbranchofEnglish.ThedetailedstudyontourismEnglishitselfwillbehelpfulfortheChinesestudentsoftourismEnglishandthestaffinthefieldtouseitwellanddealwithtourismEnglishtranslation.
KeyWords:
TourismEnglish;Function;Features;Culture
摘 要
随着中国旅游业的迅速发展,越来越多的外国游客来到中国旅游观光。
虽然这些外国游客并不是全部来自英语国家,但是作为当今世界通用语,英语成为国际旅游活动中一个最重要的交流工具和媒介。
因此,旅游英语这个特殊的英语文体开始在中国旅游行业中流行,并成为旅游业发展必不可少的因素之一。
许多旅游英语专业的学生在学习旅游英语,一大部分旅游从业者开始学习使用英语。
对此,本文首先通过对旅游英语本身的研究,揭示了旅游英语的语言功能,并且从语言学和文化的角度,分析了旅游英语的特点,正是这些特点使得旅游英语成为一种独特的英语文体。
对于旅游英语本身的详细研究不仅可以帮助旅游从业人员更好的了解和使用旅游英语,并且也为旅游英语翻译打下良好的基础。
关键词:
旅游英语;语言功能;语言特点;文化
Contents
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………5
Ⅰ.TheScopeoftheUseofTourismEnglish……………………………………………...………………6
A.TourismEnglishUsedinTransportation………………………………………………………...……6
B.TourismEnglishUsedinAccommodation……………………………………………………………7
Ⅱ.TheFeaturesofLanguageFunctionsofTourismEnglish……………………………………...………8
A.InformativeFunction…………………………………………………………………………….……8
B.TheDirectiveFunction…………………………………………………………..……………………9
C.TheEvocativeFunction…………………………………………………………….…………………9
Ⅲ.TheLinguisticFeaturesofTourismEnglish………………………………...…………………………10
A.LexicalFeature………………………………………………………………………………………10
1.TheTechnicalTerms………………………………………………………………………………10
2.TheProperNames…………………………………………………………………………………11
3.WordsandIdiomsfromOtherLanguages………………………………...………………………12
B.GrammaticalFeature…………………………………………………………………………...……12
1.TheSentenceStructure……………………………………………………………………………12
2.TheTenses…………………………………………………………………………………………13
3.TheVoices…………………………………………………………………………………………14
4.TheMoods………………………………………………………………………………...………15
C.CourtesyFeatureofTourismEnglish…………………………………………………..……………15
D.StylisticFeatureofTourismEnglish…………………………………...……………………………16
E.CultureFeatureofTourismEnglish………………………………………………..……......………17
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………...……19
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………..……………………………………20
Introduction
Tourismhasreceivedaninternationalreputationasanever-decliningindustryinthehistoryofworldeconomy.InChina,tourismhasahistoryofalmost55yearssincethefirsttravelagencyfoundedinNovember1949.Butduringthefollowing30years,Chinesetourismwasadvancingslowlyduetopoliticalreasons.AccordingtothedatareportedbyNationalTourismAdministrationBureauofChina,only1.809millionpeopleincluding0.23millionforeignersvisitedChinain1978.However,in1998,Chinareceived63.4784millioninternationalvisitors,including7.1077millionforeigntourists,whichis35timesthatin1978.
Chinahasbecomeoneofthemostpopulartouristdestinationsandoneoftheleadingcountriesofworldtourismindustry.DuetothedevelopmentoftourisminChina,tourismEnglishbecomesmoreandmoreimportantnowadaysinChina.Asaresult,tourismEnglishappearsasaterminmanyresearchesandcoursebookswiththemeaningofEnglishlanguagethatisusedfortourism.SinceChinahasbeenrecognizedasanapproveddestinationbymanycountriesofficially,moreandmoreforeigntouristshavebeenflowingintoChinaforavisit,andtourismEnglishhasbecomenecessaryandboomingasaresult,fromairporttohotelandrestaurant,fromtraveltotouristspot.Englishisusedwheneveraforeigntouristisreceived.WesupposethatChina’stourismwouldnothaveadvancedsmoothlywithoutthedevelopmentoftourismEnglish.
Therefore,someresearchesabouttourismEnglishshouldbedone.Butintheauthor’seyes,distinctivefeaturesoftourismEnglisharetobeexploredfirstly.OnlyifsomedistinctivefeaturesoftourismEnglisharemadeclear,someworkontranslationorpracticeabouttourismEnglishshouldbedoneinordertopushforwardtheChinesetourism.That’swhytheauthorofthepaperchooses“OnDistinctivefeaturesoftourismEnglish”asitstitle.
Beforethispaperwasstarted,lotsofmaterialswerecheckedandread.FindingsweremadethattherehavebeenafewresearchesaboutthedistinctivefeaturesoftourismEnglishfromthepointoflinguistics.Therefore,moreresearchesshouldstillbedoneonthedistinctivefeaturesoftourismEnglishfromthepointoflinguisticssothattheresearchescouldpromotethedevelopmentoftourismEnglishandalsocouldpushforwardthedevelopmentoftourism,economyandthecultureofChina.Thatisthepurposeofthispaper.Thetopicwillbeanalyzedfromthreeaspectsasfollows---thescopeoftheuseoftourismEnglish,thefeaturesoflanguagefunctionoftourismEnglish,andthelinguisticfeaturesoftourismEnglish.Theauthorwillgivesomeexamplestoexplainitinthefollowing.
Ⅰ.TheScopeoftheUseofTourismEnglish
TourismEnglish,asitissocalled,istheEnglishlanguageusedfortourismandisaparticularvarietyofEnglishintermsoflinguistics.Itappearswiththedevelopmentoftourismindustry,especiallyinternationaltourism.Whenpeoplemakeavisittosomeplace,theywillbeprovidedwithallkindsofservicesneededduringthetour.
AccordingtoOxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionary,tourismis“thebusinessactivityconnectedwithprovidingaccommodation,servicesandentertainmentforpeoplewhoarevisitingaplaceforpleasure.”Theservicesrefertotransportationservice,hotelserviceandtouristspotservices.Therefore,tourismEnglishiswidelyusedintransportation(includingairplane,trainandbus),hotel(includingrestaurant)andtouristspot,spokenandwritteninforms.
A.TourismEnglishUsedinTransportation
“Tourismistheoutcomeofthetravelandstayofpeople,and,aswehaveseen,thedevelopmentoftransport,bothprivateandpublic,hashadamajorimpactonthegrowthanddirectionoftourismdevelopment.Theprovisionofadequatesafe,comfortable,fast,convenientandcheappublictransportisaprerequisiteformassmarkettourism.”Thissentenceshowsthedeeplyrelationshipbetweentourismandtransportation.
Thedevelopmentofairtransportinthesecondhalfofthe20thcenturycontributedtothegrowthoftourism.Airtravel,inparticular,overthepast30yearshasmademedium-andlong-rangedestinationsaccessibleonboththesecounts.Indoingso,ithassubstantiallycontributedtothephenomenonofmass-marketinternationaltourism.Therefore,tourismEnglishhasbecomeanimportanttoolinthemass-marketinternationaltourism.
Consideringtheirlongleadoverothercarrierinprovidingpublicservicetransports,itmayberegardedsurprisingthattherailwayinBritaintooksolongtoadapttotheneedsofmass-markettourisminthelate20thcentury.Certainlytherailwaysplayedamajorroleintheprovisionoftouristtransportthroughoutthefirsthalfofthelastcentury.Inthepublic,suchasairport,plantshipsorrailwaysandsoon,peoplehavetocommunicatewitheachotherandtheyhavetoservetheirguests.SoweneedtourismEnglish.Nomatterwhoyouareorwhereyouarefrom,youcansharethecomfortableserviceduringthetour.That’stourismEnglishusedinthetransportation.
B.TourismEnglishUsedinAccommodation
Accommodationisacrucialpartintourism.Itincludesthefollowingplaces:
hotelslicensedhotelunlicensed,motels,privatehotels,guesthousesandfarmhouses.Here,weonlyanalyzehotelswhichcanacceptforeigners.Therearemanydepartmentsinthehotel,andalsohavethespecialEnglishtotranslatethesedepartments,suchasboardofdirectors,generalmanager,humanresourcesdirectors,securitydirectors,Food&BeverageDirector,Directorofmarketingandsalesandsoon.Ifonlyweserveforeigners,eachdepartmentmayusetourismEnglish.ThefollowingdialogistourismEnglishusedinahotel.
Receptionist:
Yes,sir,thisistheFrontOfficeofwanyouconiferhotel,canIhelpyou?
Guest:
I’mcallingfromNewYork.I’dliketobookoneroominyourhotel.
Receptionist:
Whatkindofroomwouldyoulike?
Wehaveallkindsofroomsassinglerooms,doublerooms,suitesanddeluxesuitesandpresidentialsuites.
Guest:
Adeluxesuite,please.
Receptionist:
Canyoutellmeyourname,please?
Guest:
Jackson.J-A-C-K-S-O-N
Receptionist:
Thankyou,andyourarrivalanddeparturedate?
Guest:
June1to6
Receptionist:
OK,Mr.Jackson.Adeluxesuite,fromJune1to6.Isthatright?
Guest:
Yes,excellent.
Receptionist:
Allright,wearelookingforwardtoseeingyouhereonJune1,Goodbye.
Guest:
Thankyou,Goodbye.
Ⅱ.TheFeaturesofLanguageFunctionsofTourismEnglish
AsProfessorHuZhuanglingofBeijingUniversitymentionedinhisbook,“Linguistics:
ACourseBook”,“languagehastoservevariouspurposesastherearedifferenttypesofthemforusingit”.AsaparticularvarietyofEnglishlanguage,tourismEnglishhasitsownlanguagefunctions,whicharemainlyinformative,directiveandevocativefunctions.
A.InformativeFunction
Accordingtotheb