完成时态的讲解与练习.docx

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完成时态的讲解与练习.docx

完成时态的讲解与练习

现在完成时的用法和练习题

一.用法:

(1)动作发生在过去,强调对现在的影响。

与一般过去时的区别:

强调过去—一般过去式

强调对现在的影响---现在完成时。

  试比较:

      Ihavelostmynewbook. 我把新书丢了。

(现在还未找到)

      Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。

(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明)

MymotherwenttoShanghai.

Whereisyourmother?

---ShehasgonetoShanghai.

.Ididn’thavebreakfast.

Ihaven’thavebreakfastyet.

      

(2)动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在有某种影响和结果。

常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。

如:

       --Haveyouhadlunchyet?

    --Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.

        你(已经)吃午饭了吗?

我刚刚吃过。

(现在我不饿了)

(3)现在完成时表示未完成。

动作从过去延续到现在,还可能以后继续。

通常和带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。

 

Hehasbeeninthearmyfortenyears.

IhavestudiedEnglishsince1980.

      (4)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,表示次数:

一次once;二次:

twice,三次:

threetimes…,ever,never等时间状语。

       如:

IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去过北京二次。

IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.

Shehaswatchedthisfilmthreetimes.

Ihaveneverseenmorebeautifulgirlthanshe.

练习

1.我已经在深圳住了十年。

___________________________________

2.我的叔叔自从1960年以来都在寻找他的女儿。

___________________________________

3.我踢足球已经有两年了。

___________________________________

4.我自从1996年就认识玛丽

___________________________________

5.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.

6.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.

7.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.

8.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.

9.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.

二.构成:

(1)肯定句:

have/hasdone

(2)否定句:

...have/hasnotdone

(3)一般疑问句:

Have/Has...done....?

Yes,...have/has.No,...have/hasnot.

(4)常用的时间状语有:

already

“已经”

肯定句的中间和末尾处

never

“从不”

中间处

ever

“曾经”

疑问句和肯定句的中间处

just

“刚刚”

中间处

yet

“已经”、“还”

疑问句、否定句的末尾处)

或不加任何的时间状语,但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.

A.already和yet区别:

Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.

already用在_______,位于_______。

“已经”

Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?

yet用在_______和________中,位于_______。

“仍然,还,已经”

B.for与since区别:

for+时间段since+时间点

IhavelivedinChangchun__________twoyears.

Ihavebeenhere__________7o'clock. 

用since和for填空

1.______twoyears2._______twoyearsago3._______lastmonth

4.______19995._______yesterday6._______4o’clock

7.______4hours8._______anhour9._______wewerechildren

10._____lunchtime11.______shelefthere12,_______shewasveryyoung

13._______shewasachild14,_____morethantwentyyears

三.havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法区别

(一).have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:

since,for,howlong等。

例如:

Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。

此外还有这些搭配:

havebeenhere(there)/athome(school)/onthefarm

havebeenhere(there)/abroad

(二).have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”,现在已经不在那里了。

可与just,ever,never等连用,例如:

Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。

MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。

HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?

你曾经去过杭州吗?

Have(has)beento后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。

例如:

IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去过北京三次。

Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。

(三).have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。

总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。

例如:

----WhereisTom?

----Hehasgonetothebookshop.汤姆在哪里?

他到书店去

JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。

练习

I.用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。

A:

Where____________LiFei___________?

B:

He____________toHainanIsland.

A:

Howlong___________he___________there?

B:

He_____________thereforthreedays.

A:

Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?

B:

I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.

A:

CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?

B:

Sorry,I_________never___________there.

A:

Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?

B:

He_____________thereonlyonce.

II.用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空。

1)WhereisJack?

He__________hiscountry.

2)David___________theparkjustnow.

3)John__________Englandsincehecameback.

4)Howlong_________have_________thisvillage?

5)TheSmiths__________Beijingforyears.

6)________youever_________America?

--Yes,I_________theremanytimes.

7)I_________thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.

8)WhereisJim?

He________thefarm.

9)When________he_________?

He__________anhourago.

10)Wouldyouliketo_________thezoowithme?

---Yes,butI_______therebefore.

11)Where_________you_________now?

---I___________thezoo.

12)Heoften_________swimming.

13)__________you__________therelastyear?

14)__________theyoften__________skatinginwinter?

四.注意

现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。

(就是说:

有for或since的句子里,一定不能是非延续性代词,必须是延续性动词)。

例如:

borrow→keep,   buy→have,    begin/start→beon,die→bedead,    join→bein/bea memberof-,come/arrive→behere/in,come/getback→beback,     go/leave→beaway(from),   marry→bemarried(to),  

【练一练】

在现在完成时中,在与_______和________引导的表示一段时间的状语连用时,通常是用相应的__________动词来代替__________.

例如:

borrow→___________,   buy→_______________,    begin/start→_____________,

die→_______________,    join→__________________,come/arrive→_____________

come/getback→_____________,     go/leave→_____________,   marry→_______________,  

练习

1)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.

Thefilm____________for________.

2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.

I__________________apenfor__________________.

3)HeleftFuzhoujustnow.

He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.

4)Hecamebacktwoyearsago.

He____________________________for____________________.

5)HearrivedBeijingfiveminutesago.

He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.

①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.

→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere

1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.

He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.

2)ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.

I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.

3)Iwenthomeyesterday.

I________________________homefor___________________.

4)Theycameherelastweek.

They__________________heresince___________________.

②come/goback,return→bebackcome/goout→beout

1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.

He____________________________for____________________.

2)WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.

We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.

③become→be

1)Ibecameateacherin2000.

I__________________ateacherfor__________________.

2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.

Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.

④close→beclosed,open→beopen

1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.

Theshop__________________________for__________________.

2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.

Thedoor____________________________________________forsixhours.

⑤getup→beup,die→bedead

leavesw.→beawayfromsw.

fallasleep/gettosleep→beasleep

finish/end→beovermarry→bemarried

1)Igotuptwohoursago.

I________________________since________________.

2)HeleftFuzhoujustnow.

He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.

3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.

Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.

4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.

Themeeting____________________forsixhours.

5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.

I__________________________since___________________.

6)Theymarriedin1990.

They___________________________since_________.

⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.begin→beon

1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.

I______________________atthisschoolsince___________.

2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.

Thefilm____________________________________for________________________.

⑦borrow→keep,lose→nothave,buy→have,puton→wear

catch/getacold→haveacold,gettoknow→know

1)Theyborroweditlastweek.

They__________________itsince____________________.

2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.

I__________________apenfor__________________.

3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.

I___________________himsince____________________.

4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.

I____________________myglassesfor__________________.

⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin

1)HehasgonetoBeijing.

He___________________________________________Beijingfortwodays.

⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy

→bealeague/aPartymember/asoldier

→beamemberoftheleague/theParty

→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy

1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.

He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.

He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.

He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.

2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.

Mybrother____________________a___________for______________________.

Mybrother______________________in_______________________fortwoyears.

巩固练习

一.根据提示完成句子

1.他的爷爷去世三年了。

Hisgrandfather________threeyearsago.

Hisgrandfatherhas____________________3years.

Hisgrandfatherhas____________________3yearsago.

2你买这辆自行车有多长时间了?

Howlonghaveyou_______thebike?

3我买这本故事书三年了。

I______thisstorybookthreeyearsago.

Ihave_______thisstorybook______threeyearsago.

Ihave_______thisstorybook________threeyears.

4.他参军十年了。

He______theArmythreeyearsago.

Hehas___________theArmy___________.

Hehas_____a_____________theArmyfor3years.

5.玛丽和约翰结婚有十年了。

Mary________toJohntenyearsago.

Mary______________________toJohnfortenyears.

6.我入团2年了。

I________________________________twoyearsago.

I_____________________a______________________fortwoyears.

I_____________________a___________of___________________fortwoyears.

I_________________________________the____

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