高中英语 第一单元过关检测 新人教版必修5.docx
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高中英语第一单元过关检测新人教版必修5
2019-2020年高中英语第一单元过关检测新人教版必修5
Ⅰ.阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）
第一节（共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分）
阅读下列短文,从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。
LisaMeitner
In1939anEnglishphysicistreceivedastrangecable（电报）namedMaudRayfromSweden,anditseemedtomakenosense.Butheknewthewomanwhosentthecable—shewasLisaMeitner,afamousphysicist.Shehadadoctor’sdegreeandin1908she’dgonetoworkinBerlin.TherewasanotheryoungphysicistnamedOttoHahn,herclosecolleague.
Womenweren’tallowedtoworkinthelaboratory,soHahnandMeitnerhadcreatedtheirownlabinacarpenter’sshop.Theyworkedonnuclearfission（裂变）untilWWⅠ.ThenMeitnerjoinedtheAustrianarmyasanX-raytechnician.ButshekeptworkingwithHahnwhenevertheybothcouldgetawayonleave.By1918they’dcreatedanewelementtheycalledprotactinium（镤）.
Bytheendofthewar,MeitnerwasmadeheadofthephysicsdepartmentatacollegeinBerlin.TheresheandHahnwenttoworkonradiation（放射）.ItwasfinallyMeitnerwhorealizedwhatgreatenergywasreleasedinuranium（铀）nuclearfission.
ButshewasJewish.ShefoundatwistedpathoutofGermany.ShefledfirsttoHolland,thentoCopenhagen,andfinallygottoSweden.Thereshepublishedaclearexplanationofnuclearfissionenergyin1939.Heraimshadnothingtodowithbombs,butherpaperstartedtodrawtheattentionofbomb-makingeffortsamongthewarringnations.
Laterin1939shesentthatstrangecabletoherfriendinEngland.AndheunderstoodthenameMaudRaytobethecodeforradium,whichwarnedhimthattheGermanswerestoringradium.
Yearslater,MeitnerbecamethefirstwomantoreceiveashareoftheFermiAwardforherphysicscontributionstothebombsheneverwantedtomake.Shewas88andbeggedoff—saidshewasn’tuptothetrip,soGlennSeaborg,achemist,wenttoLondonandbroughttheprizetoher.
1.WhoisEnglishphysicistthatreceivedthestrangecablesentbyLisaMeitner?
A.MaudRay.B.Withoutmention.
C.OttoHahn.D.GlennSeaborg.
提示:
细节理解题。
文章只提到有位英国物理学家得到了电报,但没有提到他的名字,所以选B项;而MaudRay是电报的名字,OttoHahn是她的同事,GlennSeaborg是帮她领奖的人,都不是接受电报的那位科学家。
答案:
B
2.WhatisthegreatestcontributionmadebyLisaMeitnerinherfield?
A.Thecreationofprotactinium.
B.ThewarningoftheWWⅠ.
C.Thediscoveryofnuclearfission.
D.Theinstructionofbombmaking.
提示:
推理判断题。
文章提到她在科学领域的发明和贡献是发现了核裂变,这由第三段的末句“ItwasfinallyMeitnerwhorealizedwhatgreatenergywasreleasedinuranium（铀）nuclearfission.”可以推断,有关镤元素的合成以及一战的警告,不能作为最大的贡献,所以排除A项和B项;由文章提到的“forherphysicscontributionstothebombsheneverwantedtomake”可以推断选项D的叙述不对。
答案:
C
3.Accordingtothewriter,whatkindofpersonisLisaMeitneroutofthefieldofthescience?
A.Apeacelover. B.Afriendlyperson.
C.Abravefighter. D.Askilledtechnician.
提示:
主旨大意题。
从作者的写作意图,尤其她发电报提醒说德国正在储备核原料,警告战争的爆发来判断,作者想要突出表现的是她“爱好和平”的品德。
答案:
A
4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.LisaMeitnersentthecabletotellaboutherpaperofnuclearfission.
B.LisaMeitnergotmuchhelpfromthegovernmentofGermanyandSweden.
C.LisaMeitnerwasforcedtoleavefromherhomelandfortheracialreason.
D.LisaMeitnerwasveryproudofbeinggiventheFermiAwardprize.
提示:
推理判断题。
由文章倒数第二段的“AndheunderstoodthenameMaudRaytobethecodeforradium,whichwarnedhimthattheGermanswerestoringradium.”可以推断选项A错误。
电报的内容是告知德国储存核原料;由第二段中的“Womenweren’tallowedtoworkinthelaboratory”推断选项B错误;由文章末段首句推断选项D错误,而由第四段的“ButshewasJewish.ShefoundatwistedpathoutofGermany.ShefledfirsttoHolland,thentoCopenhagen,andfinallygottoSweden.”可以推断由于种族原因,她不得不搬迁,所以选C项。
答案:
C
B
Sciencecan’texplainthepowerofpets,butmanystudieshaveshownthatthepanyofpetscanhelplowerbloodpressureandraisechancesofrecoveringfromaheartattack,reducelonelinessandspreadall-roundgoodcheer.
Anyownerwilltellyouhowmuchjoyapetbrings.Forsome,ananimalprovidesmorefortthanahusband/wife.A2002studybyKarenAllenoftheStateUniversityofNewYorkmeasuredstress（紧张）levelsandbloodpressureinpeople—halfofthempetowners—whiletheyperformed5minutesofmentalarithmetic（心算）orheldahandinicewater.Subjectspletedthetasksalone,withahusband/wife,aclosefriendorwithapet.Peoplewithpetsdiditbest.Thosetestedwiththeiranimalfriendshadsmallerchangeinbloodpressureandreturnedmostquicklytobaselineheartrates.Withpetsintheroom,peoplealsomadefewermathmistakesthanwhendoinginfrontofotherpanions.Itseemspeoplefeelmorerelaxedaroundpets,saysAllen,whothinksitmaybebecausepetsdon’tjudge.
Astudyreportedlastfallsuggeststhathavingapetdognotonlyraisesyourspiritsbutmayalsohaveaneffectonyoureatinghabits.ResearchersatNorthwesternMemorialHospitalspentayearstudying36fatpeopleandtheirequallyfatdogsondiet-and-exerciseprograms;aseparategroupof56peoplewithoutpetswereputonadietprogram.Onaverage,peoplelostabout11pounds,or5%oftheirbodyweight.Dogownersdidn’tloseanymoreweightthanthosewithoutdogsbut,sayresearchers,gotmoreexerciseoverall—mostlywiththeirdogs—andfounditworthdoing.
5.Theunderlinedword“Subjects”refersto .
A.whatstudentslearnedatschool
B.peoplethatwerestudied
C.thosewhohadpetswiththem
D.thosepeoplewithoutpets
提示:
词义猜测题。
由上下文意义可知,此处的subjects应该指参加这项研究的人。
答案:
B
6.Whydidthepeopledobetterwithpetsaroundwhenfacingstressfultasks?
A.Becausetheyhavelowerbloodpressure.
B.Becausetheybeemorepatient.
C.Becausetheyarelessnervous.
D.Becausetheyareinhigherspirits.
提示:
细节理解题。
由第二段最后一句话“Itseemspeoplefeelmorerelaxedaroundpets,saysAllen,whothinksitmaybebecausepetsdon’tjudge.”可知,人们在宠物面前似乎更放松,不那么紧张。
答案:
C
7.Theresearchmentionedinthelastparagraphreportsthat .
A.peoplewithdogsdidmoreexercise
B.dogslostthesameweightaspeopledid
C.dogslikedexercisemuchmorethanpeopledid
D.peoplewithoutdogsfoundtheprogramunhelpful
提示:
细节理解题。
由文章第三段的“Dogownersdidn’tloseanymoreweightthanthosewithoutdogsbut,sayresearchers,gotmoreexerciseoverall—mostlywiththeirdogs—andfounditworthdoing.”可知答案。
答案:
A
8.Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?
A.Whatpetsbringtotheirowners.
B.Howpetshelppeoplecalmdown.
C.People’sopinionsofkeepingpets.
D.Pet’svalueinmedicalresearch.
提示:
主旨大意题。
文章第一段就告诉我们宠物的陪伴能降血压、增加心脏病康复的机会,降低孤独感等等,这应该是宠物给我们带来的东西。
答案:
A
C
LinusPauling,theonlypersonwhohaswontwoundividedNobelPrizes,wasborninPortland,Oregon.HeattendedWashingtonHighSchoolbutbecauseofanunimportantdetailhedidnotreceivehisdiplomauntil1962,longafterhehadreceivedhisBachelor’sdegreeinchemicalengineeringfromOregonStateCollegein1922.Hehadchosentostudythismajorbecausehecouldgetagoodjobwithit.
HewontheNobelPrizeforChemistryin1954forhisresearchintothenatureofthechemicalbondanditsapplicationtotheexplanationofthestructureofplexsubstances.Hisinterestinthe“behaviour”ofmolecules（分子）ledhimfromphysicalchemistrytobiologicalchemistry,especiallyofthehumanbody.Hebeganwithproteinsandtheirmainparts,theaminoacids（氨基酸）,whicharecalledthe“buildingblocksoflife”.In1950,heconstructedthefirstsatisfactorymodelofaproteinmolecule,adiscoveryveryimportanttotheunderstandingofthelivingcell.
DuringWorldWarⅡ,PaulingwasamemberoftheResearchBoardforNationalSecurity,forwhichhewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofMeritin1948.However,theuseoftheatomicbombneartheendofthewarturnedPaulinginanewdirection.Havinglongworkedonthestructureofmolecules,hetookanimmediateinterestinthedeadlyeffectsofnuclearfalloutonhumanmolecularstructures.
Fromthenon,Paulingprotestedtheproductionofthehydrogenbombandsupportedthepreventionofthespreadofnuclearweapons.Throughhisefforts,TheNuclear-Test-BanTreaty,declaringallnuclearteststobeillegalexceptundergroundones,cameintoeffectonOctober10,1963,thesamedayLinusPaulingwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPeace.
9.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthatLinusPauling .
A.didn’tstudyhardwhileinWashingtonHighSchool
B.istheonlyscientistwhohaswontwoNobelPrizes
C.wasoncebadlytreatedinWashingtonHighSchool
D.chosetostudychemicalengineeringtoearnhisliving
提示:
细节理解题。
选项A的错误在于第一段中提到LinusPauling一开始没有获得WashingtonHighSchool的毕业证书是因为一个无关紧要的细节,这并不能说明他学习不好,同时这也不代表学校对他不好,因此选项A、C两项错误;根据第一句可知LinusPauling是唯一一个独立获得两项诺贝尔奖的科学家,而不是唯一获得过两个诺贝尔奖的人,因此B项错误。
根据第一段中的“Hehadchosentostudythismajorbecausehecouldgetagoodjobwithit.”可知D项正确。
答案:
D
10.WhichofthefollowingthingsdidPaulingpaymuchattentiontoatfirst?
A.The“behaviour”ofmolecules.
B.Physicalchemistry.
C.Biologicalchemistry.
D.Thehumanbody.
提示:
细节推断题。
根据第二段中的“Hisinterestinthe“behaviour”ofmolecules（分子）ledhimfromphysicalchemistrytobiologicalchemistry,especiallyofthehumanbody.”可知他最初的研究主题是物理化学。
答案:
B
11.DuringWorldWarⅡ,LinusPauling .
A.hadtostophisresearchbecauseofthewar
B.madegreatcontributionstothesafetyofthecountry
C.joinedthearmytofightforthesafetyofthecountry
D.tookpartinresearchingnuclearbombs
提示:
推理判断题。
根据第三段第一句可知LinusPauling在战争期间为国家的安全作出过很大的贡献,因此获得了总统颁发的勋章。
注意D项,LinusPauling研究的是核弹对人体分子结构的致命危害,而不是研究核弹。
答案:
B
12.WhichofthefollowingislegalaccordingtoTheNuclear-Test-BanTreaty?
A.Theuseofnuclearweapons.
B.Testinghydrogenbombontheground.
C.Testingnuclearweaponsunderground.
D.Theproductionofhydrogenbombs.
提示:
细节推断题。
根据最后一段中的“Throughhisefforts,TheNuclear-Test-BanTreaty,declaringallnuclearteststobeillegalexceptundergroundones...”可知《禁止核试验条约》宣称除了可以进行地下核武器试验,其他的都被认为是违法的。
答案:
C
第二节（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Foroveronehundredandfiftyyears,Americansofallsocialclasseshavewornbluejeans. 13 Whethertheyarewornforworkorforfashiontoday.Strauss’inventioncontinuestobepopularnotonly
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