文化教育类.docx
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文化教育类
文化教育类
A
WeChinesearenotbighuggers.Ahandshakeorapatontheshoulderisenoughtoconveyourfriendshiporaffectiontooneanother.Sowhenournewly-acquaintedWesternfriendsreachoutinpreparationforahug,someofusfeelawkward.
Manyquestionsgothroughourhead.WhereshouldIputmyarms?
Undertheirarmpitsoraroundtheirneck?
WhatdistanceshouldImaintain?
Shouldourcheststouch?
It’sevenmoredifficultwithfriendsfromsomeEuropeancountries.ShouldIkissthemonthecheekwhilehugging?
Whichside?
Orisitbothcheeks?
WhichsideshouldIstarton?
Butitisn’tjustpeoplefromculturesthatemphasizeareservednessinexpressingphysicalintimacy(亲密)whofindhuggingconfusing.Hugscancausediscomfortorevendistressinpeoplewhovaluetheirpersonalspace.
InarecentarticleforTheWallStreetJournal,USpsychologistPeggyDrexlersaidthatalthoughtheUSremainsa“mediumtouch”culture—“morephysicallydemonstrativethanJapan,whereabowistheall-purposehelloandgoodbye,butlessdemonstrativethanLatinorEasternEuropeancultures,wherehugsarestrongandcanincludeakissonbothcheeks”,Americansdoseemtobehuggingmore.
Frompoliticianstocelebrities,hugsaregivenwilly-nillytofriends,strangersandenemiesalike;andthepublichasbeenquicktopickupthepractice.Publicfiguresknowthatnothingprojectsliketheabilityasagoodhug.USFirstLadyMichelleObamahasputherarmsaroundicyforeignleaderslikeRussianPrimeMinisterDmitryMedvedevandtheQueenofEngland,onthelatteroccasionactuallybreakingtheruleofroyalmanners.
Butnotallaregratefultobeembraced,evenbythemostinfluentialandfamous.Tothem,anyhugisoffensiveifit’snotsincere.
AmandaHess,writingforUSmagazineSlate,sayspublicfiguresshouldstopimposinghugsoneveryonetheymeet.Forthem,ahugisrarelyagestureofsincerefellowship,compassionoraffection.It’sallpartofashow.Hugsarefalselyintimatepowerplaysusedbypublicfigurestoestablishtheirsocialdominanceoverthoseintheirgrasp.
CeciliaWalden,aBritishjournalistwritingforTheTelegraphwholivesinNewYork,holdsthesameopinion.“Power-hugging”,asshecallsit,is“anoffenderdressedupaskindness”.IthasbecomeafashionintheUSwhere“bossesarealreadyembracingtheirstaff(eithershortlybeforeorafterfiringthem),menandwomen,theirfriendsorenemies,inathousandcheatingdisplaysofunity”.
63.Fromthefirstfourparagraphs,wecanseethat___________.
A.weChinesepeopledon’tknowhowtohug
B.peoplefromEuropeancountriesoftengetpuzzledabouthugging
C.peopleinWesterncountriesseldomusehugstoexpresstheirphysicalcloseness
D.hugscanbringpressuretopeoplewhenusedimproperly
64.TheexampleofUSfirstladyMichelleObamaisgiventoshowthat__________.
A.Americansholda“mediumtouch”culture
B.publicfiguresknowhuggingfunctionswellinpublic
C.sheismuchlikedbyAmericanpeople
D.hugsareforbiddeninEngland
65.“Power-hugging”inthelastparagraphactuallymeansthat_________.
A.hugsareonlyusedsincerelybysomepeoplewithpower
B.huggingispowerfultobossesinUS
C.publicfiguressometimesusehuggingjustforashowofpower
D.publicfigurescanhuganyoneintheirgraspfreely
66.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?
A.Hugs,vitalornot?
B.Hugs,trickyaffair?
C.HugsandpublicfiguresD.Hugsandpower
【文章综述】拥抱对于一些人来说是温馨的感情表达,但并非所有人都能接受这种亲密的肢体接触。
对于一些政要名流而言,拥抱更是已经沦为一种作秀,变了味道。
【答案解析】
63.D。
解析:
细节理解题根据第四段拥抱这种肢体接触方式并不只是令那些文化背景相对保守的人们感到为难,同时也会为那些注重私人空间的人们带来不适,甚至是苦恼。
64.B。
解析:
细节理解题根据第六段第二句Publicfiguresknowthatnothingprojectsliketheabilityasagoodhug.公众人物深知没什么能比一个诚意十足的拥抱更能展现亲和力了
65.C。
解析:
词义猜测题根据本段anoffenderdressedupaskindness“强权拥抱”,故选C。
66.B。
解析:
标题确定题文章主要讲述了对于一些政要名流而言,拥抱更是已经沦为一种作秀,变了味道。
B
Isthereclearboundarybetweenscienceandtheliberalartsasamajorforcollegestudents?
Thequestionofwhetherourgovernmentshouldpromotescienceandtechnologyortheliberalartsinhighereducationisnotaneither/orproposition(命题),althoughthecurrentemphasisonpreparingyoungAmericansforSTEM(science,technology,engineering,maths)-relatedfieldscanmakeitseemthatway.
Thelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgesthecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining,butalsostressesthatthestudyofthehumanities(人文学科)andsocialsciencesmustremaincentralelementsofAmerica’seducationalsystematalllevels.Botharecriticaltoproducingcitizenswhocanparticipateeffectivelyinourdemocraticsociety,becomeinnovative(创新的)leaders,andbenefitfromthespiritualenrichmentthatthereflectiononthegreatideasofmankindovertimeprovides.
Parentsandstudentswhohaveinvestedheavilyinhighereducationworryaboutgraduates’jobprospects(前景)astechnologicaladvancesandchangesindomesticandglobalmarketstransformprofessionsinwaysthatreducewagesandcutjobs.Underthiscircumstances,it’snaturaltolookforwhatmayappeartobethemost“practical”wayoutoftheproblem.“Majorinasubjectdesignedtogetyouajob”seemstheobviousanswertosome,thoughthisignoresthefactthatmanydisciplinesinthehumanitiescharacterizedas“soft”often,infact,leadtoemploymentandsuccessinthelongrun.Indeed,accordingtosurveys,employershaveexpressedapreferenceforstudentswhohavereceivedabroadly-basededucationthathastaughtthemtowritewell,thinkcritically,researchcreatively,andcommunicateeasily.
Moreover,studentsshouldbepreparednotjustfortheirfirstjob,butfortheir4thand5thjobs,asthereislittlereasontodoubtthatpeopleenteringtheworkforcetodaywillbecalledupontoplaymanydifferentrolesoverthecourseoftheircareers.Theoneswhowilldothebestinthisnewenvironmentwillbethosewhoseeducationshavepreparedthemtobeflexible.Theabilitytodrawuponeveryavailabletoolandinsight-pickedupfromscience,arts,andtechnology-tosolvetheproblemsofthefuture,andtakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatpresentthemselves,willbehelpfultothemandtheUnitedStates.
72.Whatdoesthelatestcongressionalreportsuggest?
A.Highereducationshouldbeadjustedtothepracticalneedsofsociety.
B.Theliberalartsinhighereducationhelpenrichstudents’spirituallife.
C.STEM-relatedsubjectshelpstudentsfindjobsintheinformationsociety.
D.ThehumanitiesandSTEMsubjectsshouldbegivenequalimportance.
73.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheso-calledsoftsubjects?
A.Theyareessentialtostudents’healthygrowth.
B.Theyimprovestudents’communicationskills.
C.Theybroadenstudents’rangeofinterests.
D.Theybenefitstudentsintheirfuturelife.
74.Whatisthemainconcernofstudentswhentheychooseamajor?
A.Theacademicvalueofthecourses.
B.Theirinterestinrelevantsubjects.
C.Theirchancesofgettingagoodjob.
D.Thequalityofeducationtoreceive.
75.Whatadvicedoestheauthorgivetocollegestudents?
A.Trytotakeavarietyofpracticalcourses.
B.Preparethemselvesfordifferentjoboptions.
C.Adoptaflexibleapproachtosolvingproblems.
D.Seizeopportunitiestotaptheirpotential.
【文章综述】这篇文章主要讲述人文学科和社会学科应该具有同样重要的地位,对于正在上大学的孩子应该多学些科目,多为未来做好准备。
【答案解析】
72.D。
解析:
细节题:
根据第一段的Thelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgesthecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining,butalsostressesthatthestudyofthehumanities(人文学科)andsocialsciencesmustremaincentralelementsofAmerica’seducationalsystematalllevels可知人文学科和社会学科应具有同样重要地位,故选D。
73.D。
解析:
推测题:
根据第二段的“Majorinasubjectdesignedtogetyouajob”seemstheobviousanswertosome,thoughthisignoresthefactthatmanydisciplinesinthehumanitiescharacterizedas“soft”often,infact,leadtoemploymentandsuccessinthelongrun可知这样的课程有利于学生的未来生活,故选D。
74.C。
解析:
细节题。
根据文章的第二段Majorinasubjectdesignedtogetyouajob可知选C。
75.B。
解析:
总结题。
通读此段,并根据文章的最后一句话可知多学些功课有利于孩子将来的谋生,故选B。
C
DavidThomasfailedallexamsandleftschoolwithnoqualifications,yetthis30-year-oldfire-fighterhasjustgoneintotheGuinnessBookofRecordsbyracingfrommemorizing22,500digitsofthemathematicalconstant.
Afterfivemonthsoftraining,inwhichhespenttenhoursadaymemorizingatotalofamilliondigits,DavidThomastookpartina16-hourmentalbattle.WitnesseswatchedinaweasThomassetanewEuropeanrecord,receivingthetitleMostPowerfulMemoryintheWesternHemisphere.
Davidsays,"WhenIwasatschoolIwashopeless.Icould'trememberanything,butnowIcanremembermorefactsthananyoneinEurope."SohowdoesThomasdoit?
"OnenightIwaswatchingaTVprogrammedaboutaninterviewwithamancalledDominicO'Brien,whohadbeentheworldmemorychampionfivetimes.Heusedtobeagambler,andhewasn'tsuccessfuluntilhedevelopedhisownmentalmemoryaid,foreachcardinordertorememberwhichcardshadalreadybeendealtandwhichoneshadn't."
ThomasbecamefascinatedbyO'Brien'stheorythatanyonecanimprovetheirmemorybyusingspecializedtechniques.Thesetechniquesinvolvelinkingeverythingtofamiliarpeopleorobjects."Ifyouwanttorememberaphonenumberforexample,youhavetogivethenumberslife.
SometimesIassociateanumberwithaperson.Numberl0formeisalwaysthePrimeMouser(wholivesatnumber10DowningStreet),"explainedDavid.IfDavidistryingtorememberfacts,helinksthemtoanimage."Forinstance,ifIwastryingtomemorizethename'TomCruise',IwouldthinkofhisfilmTopCan,andthatleadsmetoimagesofgunsandCruisemissiles."
DavidissoongoingtoappearonTV'sRecordBreakers,andthisweekheisteachingmemorytrainingandsp