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初中英语复习专题——冠词

1、不定冠词a,an

a用在辅音音素开头的词前eg.abook

ausefulbooka“u”

[ju:

sful][ju:

]

an用于元音开头的词前.eg.anapple

anhouran“F”

[au

][ef]

2、定冠词the

1)特指某人/某物

Thebookonthedeskismine.

2)世上独一无二的事物前

thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky

3)形、副最高级及序数词前

Thethirdboyisthetallestofall.

(但当这些词前已有其他限定词,如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时,则不能再用the)

HeismyfirstEnglishteacher.

4)the+姓的复数表示“某家人”或“某夫妇”。

theGreens格林一家/格林夫妇

3、不用冠词的几种情况:

1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词

2)学科名词前

3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前(但:

①当三餐名词前有修饰词时,则要加适当的冠词.②表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the)

1)Hewenttoschoolafterhehadaquickbreakfast.

2)playtheviolin/piano

练习

()1.Thereis____“s”in____word“bus”.

A.a;aB.an;theC.a;theD.an;a

()2.Mathsis___usefulsubject.Youcan’tdropit,Ithink.

A.anB.aC.theD./

()3.____badweatheritis!

A.HowB.WhataC.HowaD.What

()4.—Whatcoloris___orange?

--It’s_____orange.

A.an;anB.an;theC.an;/D./;an

()5.Mr.Liis____oldworker.

A.anB.aC.someD./

()6.Lookat____picture!

There’s____houseinit.

A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a

()7.Onemorninghefound____handbag.Therewas___“s”onthecornerof___handbag.

A.a;an;theB.a;a;the

C.a;a;aD.the;an;a

()8.What___interestingstoryitis!

A.aB.anC.theD./

()9.Meimeiis___beststudentinherclass.

A.aB.anC./D.the

()10.Tomis___kindboy.All___studentslovehim.

A.a;/B.a;theC.an;/D.an;the

()11.Is___bookonthedeskmine?

Yes.

A.theB.aC.anD./

()12.Evenwhilehewasin___hospital,hewentonwritingsongs.

A.aB.anC.theD./

()13.Don’tread_____.

A.inbedB.inthebedC.onbedD.onthebed

()14.Smithis____honestman.

A.aB.theC.anD./

()15.Chinahas___populationof1,200,000,000.

A./B.anC.theD.a

()16.What’s____for“椅.子”?

A.EnglishB.anEnglish

C.theEnglishD.anyEnglish

()17.Maryis___clevererofthetwogirls.

A.theB.aC.anD.much

()18.____youngmustlookafter___old.

A.The;aB.The;theC.A;aD.A;the

()19.___earthisoneof____planets.

A.The;sun’sB.The;thesun

C.The;thesun’sD.The;thesuns’

()20.Tokyois___.

A.thecapitalofJapanB.capitalofJapan

C.JapancapitalD.acapitalofJapan

()21.Katesometimesplays___violin(小提琴)andsometimesplays___tabletennisbeforesupper.

A./;theB.the;/C.the;theD./;/

()22.–Haveyouseen___pencil?

Ileftitherethismorning.

--Isit___redone?

Isawit.

A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a

()23.Thereis_______orangetreebehind_____house.

A.an;theB.a;aC.the;theD.an;/

()24.—Howlongdidyoustaythere?

--Abouthalf___hour.

A./B.oneC.aD.an

练习题答案:

1——5DBDCA6—10DABDB

11—15ADACD16—20AABCA

21—24BDAD

 

初中英语专题——代词

(一)指示代词:

this,that,these,those.this,that一般与可数名词的单数连用,而不与不可数名词连用(但that可单独指代不可数名词)。

thatapple(√)thatmeat(×)

TheweatherinSichuanisnotsohotas______inGuangzhou.[that]

(二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词

1)人称代词:

主格、宾格(作主语为主格,作宾语为宾格;介+宾格)

eg.1)Ithankyou

2)Youthankme.

2)物主代词:

形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

一变(my—mine);二留(his—hisits—its)

三加s(your—yours;our—ours;her—hers;their—theirs)

用法:

有名不名,无名是名

eg.Thisis_____(我的)book.Thisbookis______(我的).[my;mine]

3)反身代词:

某某自己;亲自

单数

复数

yourself

yourselves

myself

ourselves

himself

themselves

herself

itself

 

反身代词的常见搭配:

1.enjoyoneself玩得高兴;过得愉快

2.hurtoneself伤着自己

3.teachoneself=learn…byoneself自学

4.(all)byoneself(完全)独立地

5.helponeselfto请自便;随便吃…

6.lookafteroneself自理;照顾自己

7.leaveonebyoneself把…单独留下

8.loseoneselfin陶醉于…;沉浸于…

(三)不定代词

1)some与any

一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句、疑问句(但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some—此类句型常以could,would开头)

2)many+可数=alotof:

许多

much+不可数

(但alotof不能用于否定句)

3)few,afew;little,alittle

表否定

表肯定

可数

few(几乎没有)

afew(几个;一些)

不可数

little(几乎没有)

alittle(一点儿少许)

①.Thestoryiseasytoread.Thereare____newwordsinit.[few]

②.Hurryup!

Thereis_____timeleft.[little]

4)everyone/anyone不加of

noone不加of

noneof

()____ofuswantstoreadthebook.[B]

A.EveryoneB.Everyone

C.NobodyD.Noone

5)other,another,others

单数

复数

泛指

another

三者以上的另一个

定语

主语、宾语

other

some…others

特指

one…theother

一个…另一个

theothers=theother+复名(另外的人或物)

①.Westudy_____subjectsbesidesChinese.

②.MayIhave___________apple?

③.Thesecupsareclean.________aredirty.

④.Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,________isblue.[other;another;others;theothers]

另外注意:

oneanother(三者以上的)相互

eachother(两者的)相互

Weshouldlearnfromeachother(说明we指两个人)

Theyhelponeanother(说明they指三个人以上)

6)二者与三者

复数

单数

单数

二者

both(都)

neither(都不)

either(任何一个)

三者

all(都)

none(都不)

any(任何一个)

注意:

.both否定neitherall否定none

②.both,all不但作主语为复数,且被修饰的词也为复数;neither,none作主语为单数,但noneof+复名,neitherof+复名

()1.____ofmyparentsisateacher.[B]

A.NoneB.NeitherC.BothD.All

()2.Therearemanytreeson____sideoftheriver.[C]

A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.all

everyone/anyoneof

7)each:

(二者以上的)每个——作主、宾、定)

every:

(三者以上的)每个——只作定语)

①.____studentintheclasslikesEnglish.

②.___ofthestudentsstudiedhard.

[Every;Each]

练习

()1.____officeismuchsmallerthan____.

A.Ours;yoursB.Our;yoursC.Theirs;our

()2.“Help___tosomemeat.”myunclesaidtome.

A.themselvesB.yourselfC.yourselves

()3.Therearetwentyteachersinourschool.Eightofthemarementeachersand____arewomenteachers.

A.othersB.theothersC.another

()4.Thereisn’t____paperinthebox.Willyougoandget____forme?

A.any;someB.any;anyC.some;any

()5.Therearemanytreeson___sidesofthestreet.

A.bothB.allC.each

()6.___ofthemhasadictionaryand____oneofthemcanlookupwordsinit.

A.Each;everyB.Every;eachC.Every;every

()7.“Whenshallwemeet,thisafternoonortonight?

“Idon’tmind.____timeisOK.

A.EitherB.EveryC.Neither

()8.Wouldyoulike___cupoftea?

A.otherB.theotherC.another

()9.Thetwofriendsweresopleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgot_____.

A.othereverythingB.anythingelse

C.everythingelse.

()10.____ofhisparentsisateacher.

A.BothB.NeitherC.None

()11.Theriverisverydirty.____peoplegotoswiminit.

A.FewB.AfewC.Little

()12.Afriendof____cametosee____yesterday.

A.his;hisB.he;himC.his;him

()13.Youcan’tleaveyourbabyby___athome.

A.herselfB.himselfC.itself

()14.Myfatherisverybusywithhiswork.Hehas___timetohavearest.

A.littleB.alittleC.few

()15.Ihavethreeskirts.Oneisred.___twoareblack.

A.anotherB.theotherC.theothers

()16.Jackhas___friendshere.Soheoftenfeelslonely.

A.alittleB.afewC.few

()17.Whoteaches___French?

A.weB.ourC.us

()18.Theboyswerealltired,but___ofthemstoppedtohavearest.

A.anyB.someC.none

()19.Sorry,Ican’tansweryourquestion.Iknow____aboutthenews.

A.alittleB.littleC.few

()20.—Hello,Bill!

Help____toacake.

—Thanks.

A.yourB.yourselfC.yourselves

初中英语语法复习——名词

名词的数

1、可数名词与不可数名词

A、不可数名词,初中阶段常见的不可数名词有:

water;meat;rice;bread;milk;tea;orange(桔汁);fruit;air;snow;chalk;work;paper(纸);time(时间);music;weather;grass;news;food;fish(鱼肉);coke;porridge;cake(可数或不可数).不可数名词应注意以下几点:

1)前无数、冠,后无复数;作主语为三单.

2)表量用约数some/any;much;alotof或用of短语

eg.Thereis____breadonthetable.[C]

A.aB.oneC.apieceofD.many

Thereissome_______ontheplate.[B]

A.appleB.fishC.milksD.deer

2、可数名词的复数

A、不规则变化:

man—men;woman—women;child—children

policeman—policemen

Englishman—Englishmen

Frenchman—Frenchmen

foot—feet;tooth—teethmouse(鼠)—mice

B、规则变化

1)s;sh;ch;x结尾加es读[iz]

2)ce;se;ze;(d)ge结尾加s

eg.boxes[bksiz]blouses[blauziz]

3)f(fe)结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz]

eg.knives[naivz]

4)“辅+y”结尾变y为i加es清就清[s]

5)一般加s浊就浊[z]

eg.books[buks]pens[penz]babies[beibiz]

但注意以下几点:

①potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes

②单复同形:

fish;sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese

③由man,woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数

mandoctor—mendoctors

④reef—reefs

⑤“某国人”的复数:

中日不变英法变,其余s加后面.eg.German—Germans

⑥people,police常用单数形式表示复数概念Thepolicearelookingforthemissingboy.

3、名词所有格:

名词’s(意思是“……的”)

A.有生命的名词所有格,一般在后加“’s”但注意:

1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”

LucyandLily’sfather露西和莉莉的父亲

Lucy’sandLily’sfathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.

2)以s结尾的词只加“’”

eg.1)theboys’books2)James’father

3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导

eg.thelegofthedesk

4)双重所有格:

afriendofmyfather’s

afriendofmine(√)afriendofmy(×)

练习

一、写出下列词的复数

1.book______2.bus______3.orange_______

4.baby______5.boy______6.my________

7.his_______8.knife______9.watch________

10.sheep______11.tooth_____12.leaf____

13.German__________14.Chinese_________

二、选择正确的答案

()1.—Arethose______?

---No,theyaren’t.They’re_____.

A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cow

C.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows

()2.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme____.

A.twoorangeB.twobottlesoforange

C.twobottlesorangeD.twobottlesoforanges

()3.Ihavegot___newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?

A.averygoodB.any

C.apieceofD.twopieces

()4.___roomisonthe5thfloor.

A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’s

C.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s

()5.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa____tohisoffice.

A.20minutes’walkB.20minute’swalk

C.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk

()6.ThisisJamesAllanGreen.Wecancallhim____.

A.Mr.GreenB.Mr.Allan

C.Mr.JamesD.JamesGreen

()7.JackandTomare____.

A.goodfriendsB.goodfriend

C.agoodfriendD.goodafriend

()8.It’sonlyabout

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