ICAO英语考试总结.docx

ICAO英语考试总结.docx

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ICAO英语考试总结

ICAO英语考试总结

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Tricyclegeararrangement前三点shockstrut减震支柱bumper减震器

Manualextensionhandles人工放下起落架手柄

Nosewheelarrangementadvantages:

1）itallowsmoreforcefulapplicationofbrakesforhigherlandingspeedwithoutnosingover.

2）itpermitsbettervisibilityforthepilotsduringlandingandtaxing

3）ittendstopreventaircraftfromground-loopingbymovingtheC.Gforwardofthemaingear.

Landinggearsafetydevises:

1）Mechanicaldownlock----------topreventaccidentaloperationofthemechanicaldownlocks,electricallyoperatedsafetyswitchesareinstalled.

2）Safetyswitches-----------------Thetorquelinksspreadapartormovetogetherastheshockstrutpistonextendsorretractsinitscylinder.

3）Groundlock----------------onecommontypeofapininstalledinalignedholesdrilledin2ormoreunitsofthelandinggearsupportstructure.

2HYDRAULICSYSTEM

第四部分里面有一张图是关于hydraulicsystem的，建议这个系统多熟悉一下

Unitscommonlyoperatedbyhydraulicsystem:

Landinggears,wingflaps,slats,speedandwheelbrakes,nosewheelsteering,

Primaryflightsurfaces

hydraulicsystemcomponents:

anenginedrivenpump,afilter,areservoir,apressureregulator,anaccumulator,

apressuregauge,areliefvalve,anemergencypump,twocheckvalves,

aselectorvalve,anactuatingcylinder

operation

theenginedrivenpumpwhichisdirectlycoupledtotheenginewilloperatewhentheengineisrunning.Thepumpdrawsfluidfromreservoirandexpelstothesystemthroughthefilterandacheckvalveandthepressurecanbebuiltup.thepressureregulatorunloadsorrelievestheenginedrivenpumpwhenthedesiredpressureinthesystemachieved.thusit’softenreferredtoasanunloadingvalve.Intheeventofmalfunctionofpressureregulator,thereliefvalvewillreleaseanypressureabovethatmaintainedbytheregulator.

3AIRCONDITIONINGANDPRESSSURIZATIONSYSTEM

Thecabinairconditioningandpressurizationsystemsuppliesconditionedairforheatingandcoolingthecockpitandcabinspaces.Thisairalsoprovidespressurizationtomaintainasafeandcomfortablecabinenvironment.Someoftheairconditioningsystemsinstalledinmodernaircraftutilizeairturbinerefrigeratingunitstosupplycooledair.Thesearecalledaircyclesystem.

Functionofairconditioningsystem:

Tomaintainacomfortabletemperaturewithinthefuselage.Inatypicalsystemthetemperatureismeasuredandcomparedtothedesiredsettingofthetemperaturecontrols.

1supplyventilationair

2supplyheatedair

3supplycooledair

Functionofcabinpressurecontrolsystem:

Toprovidecabinpressureregulation,pressurerelief,vacuumrelief,andthemeansofselectingthedesiredcabinaltitude.

4WINGTIPDEVICES-----------improvetheefficiencyoffixed-wingaircraft,intendedeffectidalwaystoreducethedragbyalteringtheairflownearthewingtips.

5APU-------AUXILIARYPOWERUNIT

Function-----toprovidepowertostartthemainengines.Turbineenginesmustbeacceleratedtoahighrotationalspeedinordertoprovidesufficientaircompressionforself-sustainingoperation.Beforeenginesaretobeturned,theAPUisstarted,generallybyabatteryorhydraulicaccumulator.OncetheAPUisrunning,itprovidespower（electric,pneumatic,orhydraulic,dependingonthedesign）tostarttheaircraft'smainengines.

APUsfittedtoETOPS（Extended-rangeTwin-engineOperations）aircraftareacriticalsafetydevice,astheysupplybackupelectricityandcompressedairinplaceofthedeadengineorfailedmainenginegenerator.

三）特勤处置

先说一下CRM-----COCKPITRESOURCEMANAGEMENT

CRM包括4部分

1：

establishgoodcommunicationwithcrewmembers,sothatwecanpreventandcorrectanymistakes.

2：

takefulladvantageofthefacilitiesonboardandthegroundnavaids.

3：

operatetheaircraftstrictlyaccordingtothemanualandSOPs.

4：

complywiththeaviationregulations.

关于EMERGENCY，处置

1staycalm,maintaintherightconfigurationandattitude.

2thecrewmembersshouldaccomplisheachother’sownduty,findthecauseanddotherightchecklist,followstandardprocedures.

3reporttoATCyourlocation,situationonboard,andintention.Requestlandingpriorityifpossible.

这里只是提供一个大致框架，具体特勤具体分析，如ENGINEFAILURE,BOMBONBOARD,GEARJAM等，具体的细节就只有自己去丰满。

关于SICKPASSENGERONBOARD的处置：

4havethecabinattendanttotakefirstaid

5informthepassengerstofindifthere’sdoctoronboardsothatwecanaskforhelp

6informtheATC,requestlandingpriorityordiverttothenearestsuitableairport,andrequestambulanceanddoctorsreadyatlanding

我在考试的时候遇到关于SUFFERFROMHEARTATTACK的乘客

四）口试

OPI的前三部分只会涉及很少的专业问题，所以这三部分可以一起来看和准备。

说的直白一点，这几部分就是和考官扯淡，但是扯淡要注意尺度，不要使劲扯，扯淡变成扯蛋会有一点痛的。

这里部分会过渡到一些飞行相关的问题。

分院，飞行经历，所飞机型，小时数，所遇特勤，职业特性，基本可以概括为一次完整的飞行过程。

建议考前写一篇关于自己飞行的文章，涵盖以上一些信息。

到时候遇到可以触类旁通，把你准备的说出来。

同时也是做一个引导，引导考官就你的信息中挖掘问题，这样会比较占主动性。

E.G:

Thatchoosingtobeapilotasmycareermakesmeproudandmakesmyfamilyproud.Thisisanoblejob.Comeon,thinkaboutit.Becauseofourworks,aboycanmeethisbonnylass,afatherbackfrombusinesstripcangivehisdaughterawarmhug,businessmencansigntheircontractsintime,andpackagesaredeliveredtoyourdoorontime.Allthesegivemeafeelingofsuccess,afeelingofhappiness.Andbesides,thisisajobwithgoodsalaryandcomparativelyhighsocialstatus.Iusedtoconsiderthatit’seasytobeapilot.Youknow,justliketheunprofessionalpeoplethinks:

pilotsengagetheAPaftertakeoff,thenplannedroute,plannedlevel,plannedeverything.AllthepilotsneedtodoisdisengagingtheAPwhentheaircraftcomestotheshortfinal,andmakeaperfectlanding,taxitotherightgate.That’sall.Itlookseasyandseemsthateverybodycandothat.ButI’vechangedmymindafterallthethingsI’vebeenthroughintheGUANGHANflightcollegewhereIactuallylearnthowtocontrolandmanageanaircraftandhowtobeaprofessionalpilot.There’salongwaytogo,andthattakestime.TheveryfirstruleIlearnistobepatient,always.Andthereisa“13-hours-checkride”whichissettocheckwhetherthestudentisskillfulortalentedenoughtobeapilot.Thisisacruelcheckforthestudents,andsomearedoomedtofail.Isweatedmyshirtandtheheadphonethatdayinthecockpit.Butluckyme,Ipassed.ThisisthemostprecioustreasureinmylifethatIwishIwouldneverexperienceagain.

附加：

各个系统词汇

AirConditioningSystem

PACK空调主件HOTBLEEDAIR热引气

OUTLETDUCT外流管BYPASSVALVE旁通活门RAMAIR冲压空气

INLETSCOOP进气口TRIMAIRVALVE调节空气

EXTRACTORFAN排气风扇GUARDEDFLAP有保护盖的导片

BLOWER鼓风机EXTRCTOR排风扇OVERBOARD机外

ONBOARD机上OPEN-CIRCUIT开路CLOSED-CIRCUIT闭路

CONFIGURATION形态PASSENGERLOAD乘客载荷DOWNSTREAM下游

STANDINGWATER积水ATLN（ALTERNATE）备份CHANNEL通道

PNEUMATIC气源DUAL双的SWITCHOVER交换

PRE-COOLER预冷机COOLANT冷却剂AMBER琥珀色

VENTILATION通风CIRCUITBREAKER跳开关PRESSURIZATION（增压）

FLAPPERVALVES瓣状活门PROFILE剖面TOGGLE扳钮开关

VACUUM真空ISAOBARIC等压BAROMETRIC气压

PRESSUREDIFFERENTIALS压差ANEROIDSWITCH膜盒气压

STBY（STANDBY）备份DCDIRECTCURRENCY直流电

DITCH水上迫降SUPERCHARGER增压器INADVERTENT偶然的

LEAKAGE漏、渗APRON停机坪CEILING顶板ACCESSORY副件

THROTTLELEVER油门杆CRUISE巡航

NEGATIVERELIEFVALVE负压释放活门POSITIVEPRESSURE正压

AIRPORTELEVATION机场标高AUTOPILOT（自动驾驶）

MOMENTUM动量MIMICKING模仿GLARE-SHIELD遮光板

Performance

ACTUATORS制动器SURVEILLANCE监视QUADRANT油门操纵杆

FLEX（FLEXIBLE）灵活的

MCT（MAXIMUMCONTINUETHRUST）最大连续推力

ELEVATORS升降舵AILERON副翼NAVAID助航

SID（STANDARDINSTRUMENTDEPARTURE）标准仪表离场

STAR（STANDARDTERMINALARRIVALROUTE）标准进场程序

MISSEDAPPROACH（GOAROUND）复飞

DYNAMIC动力的AUGMENTATION增加、增益

FLIGHTENVELOPE飞行包线

CDU（CONTOLDISPLAYUNIT）控制显示组件

FMA（FLIGHTMODEANNUNCIATOR）飞行方式显示器

ADIRS（AIRDATAANDINERTIALREFERENCESYSTEM）大气数据及惯性基准系统

MCP（MODECONTROLPANEL）方式控制面板

GPS（GLOBALPOSITIONINGSYSTEM）全球定位系统

FLARE平飘TOUCHDOWN接地点FLY-BY-WIRE电传操纵

ACELEROMETER加速器ALIGNMENT对准、校准

SERVOMOTOR伺服马达GYROSCOPE陀螺

THRUSTREDUCTIONALT减推力高度REVERSE反推

ARM预位FPA（FLIGHTPATHANGLE）飞行航径角LOCALIZER航向道

IDLE慢车DETENT卡位FPV（FLIGHTPATHVECTOR）飞行航径矢量

CRM（COCKPITRESOURCEMANAGEMENT）驾驶舱资源管理

PF（PILOT-FLIGHT）把杆飞行员

PFD（PRIMARYFLIGHTDISPLAY）主飞行显示PULLEY滑轮ROLL滑跑

SCROLL翻动、卷起SLEW上下选页VELOCITY速度

DATABASELOADER数据库装载机

ALPHA/NUMERICKEYBOARD字母/数字键盘

DYNAMICANDBACKGROUDDATA动态和背景数据

TROPOPAUSE对流层顶ALIGNMENT校准

EFOB（ESTIMATEDFUELONBOARD）预计机上燃油

ETA（ESTIMATEDTIMEOFARRIVING）预计到达时间

ADC（AIRDATACOMPUTER）大气数据计算机

CRT（CATHODERAYTUBE）阴极射线管

LSK（LINESELECTKEY）行选键TERMINALAREA终端区域

COORDINATE经纬度RNVAAREANAVIGATION区域导航EN-ROUTE在航路上

CFDS（CENTRALIZEDFAULTDISPLAYSYSTEM）集中显示系统

VIBRATIONS振动IMPULSES脉冲CURVATURE弯曲曲度

TRANSCEIVER无线电收发机

INTERPHONE内话机EVACUATION疏散

KNOB旋钮BUZZER蜂鸣声

FLIGHTCONTROLSYSTEM

REJECTEDT/O中断起飞CONVENTIONAL通用的

WHEEL驾驶盘COLUMN驾驶杆PEDAL脚蹬

SURFACE舵面RUDDER方向舵SPEED-BRAKE减速板

FLAP襟翼STABTRIM调整片OVERRIDESWITCH超控电门

AWDAMPER偏航阻尼器CENTERINGMECHANISM定中机械SWEEPBACK后掠

SPOILER扰流板JAM卡阻ROLL滚转（横滚）PITCH俯仰

STABILIZER安定面YAW偏航YAWDAMPERRATEGYRO偏航率陀螺仪

LONGITUDINALAXIS纵轴VERTICALAXIS垂轴LATERALAXIS横轴

ACTUATINGCYLINDER作动筒AIRFOIL翼部面

SECONDARYFLIGHTCONTROL辅助飞行操纵

HIGHLIFTDEVICE增升装置

TRAILINGEDGE（TE）后缘LEADINGEDGE（LE）前缘

POWERTRANSFERUNIT（PTU）动力传输装置STALL失速

MANEUVER机动飞行INBOARD内侧OURBOARD外侧

SLOTTED开缝的THREESLOTTEDFLAP三开缝襟翼DRAG阻力

COMPARATOR比较仪ROLLRATE滚转率MIXER混合器

DEFLECTION偏转AERODYNAMICMEANCHORD平均空气动力弦

TORQUE扭力JACK千斤顶

FIREPROTECTION

OVERHEAT超温FIREDETECTION探火FIREDETECTIONLOOP探火环

FIREALERT火警戒FAULTMONITORINGCIRCUIT失效监控电路

WARNINGBELL火警铃GROUNDPROXIMITY近地

ENGINEINDICATINGANDCREWALERTINGSYSTEM（EICAS）发动机指示和机组警戒系统

ENGINENACELLE发动机舱CARGOCOMPARTMENT货舱

MALFUNCTION失效SMOKEDETECTION烟雾探测LOCKDOWN下锁

SHUTDOWN关车UNLOCK开锁TRIP