非谓语动词讲与练.docx
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非谓语动词讲与练
2010-11-15
编写:
窦建光使用时间:
年月日
非谓语动词用法对比
非谓语动词的句法功能:
1.不定式—主、表、宾、补语(宾补&主补)、定、状、同位语
2.动名词—主、表、宾、定、同位语
3.分词—表、补语(宾补&主补)、定、状
知识要点:
一、不定式与动名词做主语:
1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。
Collectinginformationaboutchildren’shealthishisjob.
It’snecessarytodiscusstheproblemwithanexperiencedteacher.
2、常用不定式做主语的句型有:
常用结构:
It+be+adj./n.+forsb.todosth.
(常见形容词:
difficult,important,necessary,impossible,etc.)
It+be+adj.+ofsb.todosth.=sb.be+adj.+todosth.
(常见形容词:
clever,silly,foolish,stupid,wise,kind,rude,impolite,careless,cruel,crazy,etc.)
3、常用动名词做主语的句型有:
It’snogood(use,fun)doingsth.
It’s(a)wasteoftimeone’sdoingsth.It’sworthwhiledoingsth.
二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语:
1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。
不定式一般紧跟在系动词如:
be,seem,remain,appear等后面,用来说明主语的内容。
这类结构中的主语一般为名词,如:
idea,purpose,hope,plan,intention,wish,dream,etc.
Mypurposeistoteachthemalesson.
有时句子主语也可以是不定式或名词性从句。
Tobestrictwithstudentsistoberesponsibletothem.
WhatIwanttodois(to)tellyouthetruth.
Theonlythinghecoulddowas(to)tellthetruth.
如果主语中含有do的任何形式,那么不定式可以省去to.
2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释,这时主语与表语位置可互换,动名词常用于口语中。
Itsfull-timejobislayingeggs.
3、分词做表语:
现在分词作表语:
一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征,“令人……”的,主语多数情况是sth.
过去分词作表语:
一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受,“感到……的”,主语多数是sb.
exciting,excitedannoying,annoyedamazing,amazed
boring,boredconfusing,confusedencouraging,encouraged
embarrassing,embarrassedfrightening,frightened;inspiring,inspired
现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征;进行时表示正在进行的动作。
Thetaskofthisclassispractisingtheidioms.(现在分词做表语)
Withthehelpoftheteacher,thestudentsarepractisingtheidioms.(现在进行时)
过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。
而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。
Thevillageissurroundedbyhighmountains.(过去分词做表语)
TheenemywassurroundedbytheRedArmy.(被动语态)
Heiswelleducated.(过去分词做表语)
Hehasbeeneducatedinthiscollegeforthreeyears.(被动语态)
注意:
过分除修饰sb.以外,还可修饰表示神态、声音等的名词,说明主语的心理状态。
Hehada_________(terrifying,terrified)lookinhiseyes.
Theboyansweredina________(frightening,frightened)voice.
三、不定式与动名词做宾语:
1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语:
want,wish,hope,expect,ask,demand,pretend,care,decide,happen,long,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,cause,afford,beg,manage,agree,promise等。
2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语:
常见动词:
advise,avoid(避免),appreciate(感激),admit(承认),consider(考虑),complete,delay,deny(否认),enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,forbid,forgive,imagine,miss,mind,mention,permit,practise,risk(冒险),suggest(建议),understand,etc.
常见短语:
bebusy,beworth,burstout,feellike,can’thelp(忍不住),can’tstand,setabout,succeedin,beengagedin,persistin,insiston,befondof,dreamof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from…,setabout,spend/waste…(in)
be/getused/accustomedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto,devoteoneself/one’slife(energy,effort,time)to,makecontributionsto,admitto,oweto,
【leadto,stickto,listento,referto,turnto,thanksto,owingto,dueto后接名词,一般不接动名词】
3、某些动词后既可接动名词,也可接不定式.
常见动词:
begin/start,continue;love,like,dislike,hate,prefer;need,want,require;forget,remember,regret;mean,try,goon,stop,beusedto,can’thelp
3.begin/start
三种情况下,一般接不定式做宾语:
①主语是sth.;②本身用于进行时;③做宾语的动词表示情感、思想或意念时(如:
like,love,understand,realize,understand,know,etc.)
A.)love,like,dislike,hate,prefer,如表示经常性的动作,用动名词作宾语;如表示特定或具
体的动作,多接不定式.
Ilike___(play)chessduringmysparetime.
Ilike___(play)atchesswiththechessmasternow.
B.)need,wantrequire
Hewants_____(repair)thebikeforme.
Thebikeneeds/wants/requires______(repair).
C.)forget,remember,regret
Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Iforgot____(turn)itoff.
I’llneverforget____(see)themusicalcomedyinNewYork.
D.)Remember____(meet)metonight.
Iremember____(take)toBeijingwhenIwasachild.
Iregret____(inform)youthatyouaredismissed.
Iregret______(nottake)hisadvice.
E.)mean,try,goon,stop,beusedto,can’thelp
Whatdoyoumean_____(do)withit?
____(miss)thetrainmeans__(wait)foranothertwohours.
He’sbeentrying____(get)youonthephone.
Let’stry___(knock)atthebackdoor.
Hepausedandwenton__(explain)thetexttous.
Goon_____(do)theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.
Woodisusedto___(make)paper.
Heisusedto_____(get)upearly.
Shecouldn’thelp_____(do)thehousework,forshewasbusy.
Peoplecouldn’thelp____(laugh)atthefoolishemperorintheprocession.
4、动名词作need,want,require,beworth的宾语时,用主动式代替被动式。
Thewashing-machineneedsrepairing.(或用:
needstoberepaired)
Thepointwantsreferringto.
ThisEnglishnoveliswellworthreading.
ThesituationinRussianrequiredstudying.
下列句子惯用不定式主动语态.
Thehouseistolet/tobelet.这房子待出租。
Heisnottoblameforeverything.
四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语:
1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语:
动词/动词词组+宾语+to不定式:
常见动词:
want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,allow,permit,help,advise,persuade,cause,force,warn,invite,urge,encourage,prepare,callon,wouldlike,waitfor,etc.
Igotthemtojoinusinthediscussion.
Theyarewaitingfortheschoolbustocome.
Thedoctoradvisedhimtostayinbedforanotherfewdays.(注suggest后不跟不定式做宾补。
)
Wewishhimtoremainandacceptthepost.(注hope后不跟不定式做宾补。
)
动词+宾语+不带to的不定式:
常用动词:
feel(一感);hear,listento(二听);make,let,have(三让);see,watch,observe,notice,lookat(五看);help(半帮助,可带to或不带to)etc.但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to.
Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.
比较:
Isawhimcrossingtheroad.Hewasseen_____theroad.
Isawhimcarrieddownstairs.Hewasseen____downstairs.
2、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补:
see,watch,notice,observe,find,hear,feel,make,get,set,send,start,catch,have,leave,keep,等。
用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补,要看分词与宾语的关系。
Weheardhim____(sing)thesongwhenwecamein.
Wehaveheardthesong_____(sing)inJapanese.
Hewatchedthebed_____(carry)outofthedoor.
Hefeltagreatweight_____(take)offhismind.他感到心头如释重负。
Howwouldyoulikeyourhair___(cut)?
2010-11-15
编写:
高三英语组使用时间:
年月日
五、非谓语动词做定语:
1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后,表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。
Hehadnohousetoliveinbutalotofworktodo.
Ourmonitoristhefirsttoarrive.
2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别:
动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途;现在分词做定语,表示所修饰名词进行的动作。
awalkingstick拐杖(动名词,astickforwalking)
asleepingcar卧铺车厢(动名词,acarforsleeping)
therisingsun正在升起的太阳(现在分词)
thechangingworld变化中的世界(现在分词)
3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别:
过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作,现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。
apieceofdisappointingnews=apieceofnewswhichdisappointedus)
inthefollowingyears=intheyearsthatfollowed)
awelldressedwoman=awomanwhoisdressedwell)
acarparkedatthegate=acarwhichwasparkedatthegate)
六、不定式与分词做状语:
1、不定式做状语,只表示目的、结果或原因:
Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen.(结果状语)
Tomakehimselfheard,heraisedhisvoice.(目的状语)
Allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress.(原因状语)
2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式、结果:
Seenfromthetopofthehill,thetownisbeautiful.(条件状语)
Havingbeenhitbythebigboyonthenose,thelittleboybegantocry.(原因状语)
Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiled,lookingratherpleased.(伴随状语)
动名词的复合结构:
①物主代词或名词所有格+动名词(作主语、宾语、表语)
②代词宾格或名词普通格+动名词(作宾语、表语)
Myfather’sbeingillworriedusgreatly.=Thatmyfatherwasillworriedusgreatly.
Hisnotbeingpresentatthepartyannoyedthehostess.
It’snouseyourpretendingthatyoudidn’tknowthetruth.
Whatangeredmemostwasthestudentsfailingtofulfilltheirduties.
Ithinktheproblemistheir/themnothavingenoughtime.
注意:
若动名词的逻辑主语为无生命的东西,只用普通格:
Theexperimentcan’tbecarriedoutbecauseoftheequipmentbeingoutoforder.
Thenewsofthenewhotelcatchingfireshockedeveryone.=Thenewsthatthenewhotelcaughtfireshockedeveryone.
Thenoisesoftheboxesbeingopenedandclosedcouldbeheard.
存在句的非限定形式
存在句的非限定形式是thereto和therebeing结构。
这两种结构在用法上有相同点。
为便于比较,我们把它们放在一起介绍。
1)作介词补足成分
两种结构都可作介词补足成分。
如果介词是for,便只能用theretobe结构。
Itistooearlyfortheretobeanyonearoundhere.
Itisimportantfortheretobeafireescape.
也能用在不及物动词+for之后:
Theyplannedfortheretobeanothermeeting.
如果介词不是for,则要用therebeing结构。
Johnwasrelyingontherebeinganotheropportunity.
2)作宾语
作宾语时,通常用theretobe结构。
Membersliketheretobeplentyofchoice.
能这样用的及物动词为数有限,常见的有expect,mean,intend,want,like,prefer,hate等。
3)作主语和状语
therebeing结构还能用作主语和状语。
Therebeingabusstopsonearthehouseisagreatadvantage.
Therehavingbeennorain,thegroundwasdry.
存在句的限定形式与非限定形式之间可以相互转换。
Fortheretobesofewpeopleinthestreetswasunusual.
(=Itwasunusualfortheretobesofewpeopleinthestreets.)
有时限定形式与非限定形式还可以结合使用。
Itissaidthattherearetroopsonthefrontier.=Therearesaidtobetroopsonthefrontier.
关系代词的省略:
1.ThisisthefastesttrainthereistoBeijing.
2.Heasksforthelatestbookthereisontheshelf.
3.----Whatdidthefootballplayeryouweretalkingtowant?
----Hewouldliketoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverythingthereisgoingonintheworld.
2010年全国各地英语高考单项填空题解析
(非谓语动词部分)
1.(全国I卷27).Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentsomeoldmaps_________fromthelibrary.
A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing
解析:
根据选项此题考察非谓语动词,题干中空格划在名词maps后,空格后部分是对maps解释说明,因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。
非谓语动词做定语,首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系,borrow和maps是被动关系,被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种:
tobedone表示动作将要发生,beingdone表示动作正在发生,done表示动作已经完成,根据句意borrow的动作已经完成,因此选择C。
句意:
怀特夫人向学生们展示了从图书馆借来的一些老地图。
2.(全国I卷34).WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank______presentsformydad.
A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought
解析:
动词不定式的一般式作目的状语。
“买礼物”发生在“从银行取了一些钱”后,所以D不可以选。
句意:
父亲节将要到来,为了