全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案

2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（二）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

It'snotdifficulttosettargetsforstaff.Itismuchharder,1tounderstandtheirnegativeconsequences.Mostwork-relatedbehaviorshavemultiplecomponents.2oneandtheothersbecomedistorted.

TravelonaLondonbusandyou'll3seehowthisworkswithdrivers.Watchpeoplegetonandshowtheirtickets.Aretheycarefullyinspected?

Never.Dopeoplegetonwithoutpaying?

Ofcourse!

Arethereinspectorsto4thatpeoplehavepaid?

Possibly,butveryfew.Andpeoplewhorunforthebus?

Theyare5.Howaboutjumpinglights?

Busesdosoalmostasfrequentlyascyclists.

Why?

Becausethetargetis6.Peoplecomplainedthatbuseswerelateandinfrequent.7thenumberofbusesandbuslaneswereincreased,anddriverswere8orpunishedaccordingtothetimetheytook.Anddrivershitthesetargets.Butthey9hitcyclists.Ifthetargetwaschangedto10,youwouldhavemoreinspectorsandmoresensitivepricing.Ifthecriterionchangedtosafety,youwouldgetmore11driverswhoobeyedtrafficlaws.Butboththesecriteriawouldbeattheexpenseoftime.

Thereisanother12:

peoplebecameimmenselyinventivenhintingtargets.Haveyou13thatyoucanleaveonaflightanhourlatebutstilearriveontime?

Tailwinds?

Ofcoursenot!

Airlineshavesimplychangedthetimea14ismeanttotake.Aone-hourlightisnowballadasatwo-hourflight.

The15ofthestoryissimple.Mostjobsaremutidimensional,withmultiplecriteria.Chooseonecriterionandyoumaywell16others.EverythingCanbedonefasterandmadecheaper,butthereisa17.Settingtargetscananddoeshaveunforeseennegativeconsequences.

Thisisnotanargumentagainsttarget-setting.Butitisanargumentforexploringconsequencesfirst.Allgoodtargetsshouldhavemultiplecriteria18criticalfactorssuchastime,money.qualityandcustomerfeedback.Thetrickisnotonlyto19justoneoreventwodimensionsoftheobjective,butalsotounderstandhowtohelppeoplebetter20theobjective.

1.[A]therefore[B]however[C]again[D]moreover

2.[A]Emphasize[B]Identify[C]Assess[D]Explain

3.[A]nearly[B]curio[C]eagerly[D]quickly

4.[A]claim[B]prove[C]check[D]recall

5.[A]threatened[B]ignored[C]mocked[D]blamed

6.[A]punctuality[B]hospitality[C]competition[D]innovation

7.[A]Yes[B]So[C]Besides[D]Slit

8.[A]hired[B]trained[C]rewarded[D]grouped

9.[A]only[B]rather[C]once[D]also

10.[A]comfort[B]revenue[C]efficiency[D]security

11.[A]fried[B]quiet[C]cautious[D]diligent

12.[A]purpose[B]problem[C]prejudice[D]policy

13.[A]report[B]revealed[C]admitted[D]noticed

14.[A]break[B]trip[C]departure[D]transfer

15.[A]moral[B]background[C]style[D]form

16.[A]interpret[B]criticize[C]sacrifice[D]tolerate

17.[A]task[B]secret[C]product[D]cast

18.[A]leadingto[B]callingfor[C]relatingto[D]accountingfor

19.[A]specify[B]predict[C]restore[D]create

20.[A]modify[B]review[C]present[D]achieve

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1（40points）

Text1

"Deskilling"issomethingthatsoundslikeabuzzwordbutisactuallyarequirementifweplantohaveafutureinwhichalotofwould-beworkersdonotgetleftbehind.Weknowwearemovingintoaperiodwherethejobsindemandwillchangerapidly,aswilltherequirementsofthejobsthatremain.ResearchbytheWorldEconomicForumfindsthatonaverage42percentofthe"coreskills"withinjobroleswillchangeby2022.Thatisaveryshorttimeline.

Thequestionofwhoshouldpayforreskillingisathornyone.Forindividualcompanies,thetemptationisalwaystoletgoofworkerswhoseskillsarenolongerindemandandreplacethemwiththosewhoseskillsare.Thatdoesnotalwayshappen.AT&Tisoftengivenasthegoldstandardofacompanythatdecidedtodomassivereskilling programratherthangowithafire-and-hirestrategy.Othercompanieshadalsopledgedtocreatetheirownplans.Whentheskillsmismatchisinthebroadereconomy,though,thefocususuallyturnstogovernmenttohandle.EffortsinCanadaandelsewherehavebeenarguablylanguidatbest,andhavegivenusasituationwherewefrequentlyhearofemployersbeggingforworkers,evenattimesandinregionswhereunemploymentishigh.

Withthepandemic,unemploymentisveryhighindeed.InFebruary,at3.5UnitedStateswereatgenerationallowsandworkershortageswereeverywhere.AsofMay,thoserateshadspikedupto13.3percentand13.7percent,andalthoughmanyworkershortageshaddisappeared,notallhaddoneso.Inthemedicalfield,totakeanobviousexample,thepandemicmeantthattherewerestillclearshortagesofdoctors,nursesandothermedicalpersonnel.

Ofcourse,itisnotlikeyoucantakeanunemployedwaiterandtrainhimtobeadoctorinafewweeks.Butevenifyoucannotclosethatgap,maybeyoucancloseothers,anddoingsowouldbetothebenefitofallconcerned.ThatseemstobethecaseinSweden:

Whenforcedtofurlough90percentoftheircabinstaff,ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedtostartupashortretrainingprogramthat reskilledthelaid-offworkerstosupporthospitalstaff.TheeffortwasacollectiveoneandinvolvedothercompaniesaswellasaSwedishuniversity.

21.ResearchbytheWorldEconomicforumsuggests_________.

A.anurgentdemandfornewjobskills

B.anincreaseinfull-timeemployment

C.asteadygrowthofjobopportunities

D.acontroversyaboutthe"coreskills"

22.AT&Tiscitedtoshow_________.

A.thecharacteristicsofreskillingprograms

B.theimportanceofstaffappraisalstandards

C.animmediateneedforgovernmentsupport

D.analternativetothefire-and-hirestrategy

23.EffortstoresolvetheskillsmismatchinCanada

A.havedrivenuplabourcosts

B.haveprovedtobeinconsistent

C.havemetwithfierceopposition

D.haveappearedtobeinsufficient

24.WecanlearnfromParagraph3thattherewas

A.acallforpolicyadjustment.

B.achangeinhiringpractices.

C.alackofmedicalworkers

D.asignofeconomicrecovery.

25.ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedto_

A.Greatjobvacanciesfortheunemployed.

B.Preparetheirlaid-offworkersforotherjobs.

C.Retraintheircabinstaffforbetterservices

D.financetheirstaff′scollegeeducation

Text2

Withtheglobalpopulationpredictedtohitcloseto10bliniby2050,andforecaststhatagriculturalproductioninsomeregionswillbedtonearlydoubletokeeppace,foodsecurityisincreasinglymakingheadlines.IntheUK,ithasbecomeabigtalkingpointrecentlytoo,foraratherparticularreason:

Brexit.

BrexitissenbysomeasanopportunitytoreversearecenttrendtowardstheUKimportingfood.Thecountryproducesonlyabout60percentofthefooditeats,downformalmostthe-quartersinthelate1980s.Amovebacktosufficient,theargumentgoes,wouldbotsthefarmingindustry.politicalsovereigntyandeventhenation'shealth.Soundsgreat—buthowfeasibleisthisvision?

AccordingtoareportonUKfoodproductionfromtheUniversityofLeeds,UK,85percentofthecountry'stotallandareadisassociatedwithmeatanddairyproduction.Thatsupplies80percentofwhatisconsumed,soevencoveringthewholecountryinlivestockfarmswouldn'tallowustocoverallourmeatanddairyneeds.

Therearemanycaveatstothosefigures,buttheyarestillgrave.Tobecomemuchmoreselfsufficient,theUKwouldneedtodrasticallyreduceitsconsumptionofanimalfoods,andprobablyalsofarmmoreintensively—meaningfewergreenfieldsandmorefactory-styleproduction.

Butswitchingtoamainlyplant-baseddietwouldn'thelp.ThereisagoodreasonwhytheUKisdominatedbyanimalhusbandry:

mostofitsterraindoesn'thavetherightsoilorclimatetogrowcropsoncommercialbasis.Just25percentofthecountry'slandissuitableforcrop-growing,mostofwhichisalreadyoccupiedbyarablefields.Evenifweconvertedallthesuitablelandtofieldsoffruitandveg—whichwouldinvolvetakingoutallhenaturereservesandremovingthousandsofpeoplefromtheirhomes—wewouldachieveonlya30percent

boostincropproduction.

Just23percentofthefruitandvegetablesconsumedintheUKarecurrentlyhome-grown,soevenwiththemostextrememeasureswecouldmeetonly30percentofourfreshproduceneeds.Thatisbeforewelookforthespacetogrowthegrains,sugars,seedsandoilsthatprovideuswiththevastbulkofourcurrentcalorieintake.

26.SomepeoplearguethatfoodselfsufficiencyintheUKwould

[A]behinderedbyitspopulationgrowth

[B]contributetothenationswell-being

[C]becomeapriorityofthegovernment

[D]postachallengetoitsfarmingindustry

27.ThereportbytheUniversityofLeedsshowedthatintheUK

[A]farmlandhasbeeninefficient

[B]factorystyleproductionneedsreforming

[C]mostlandisusedformeatanddairyproduction

[D]morecornfieldswillbeconvertedforfarming

28.Crop-growingintheUKisrestricteddueto_—

[A]itsfarmingtechnology

[B]itsdietarytradition

[C]itsnaturalconditions

[D]itscommercialinterests

29.ItcanbelearedfromthelastparagraphthatBritishpeople__

[A]relylargelyonimportsforfreshproduce

[B]enjoyasteadyriseinfruitconsumption

[C]areseekingeffectivewaystocutcalorieintake

[D]aretryingtogrownewvarietiesofgrains

30.Theauthor'sattitudetofoodself-efficiencyintheUKis____

[A]defensive

[B]doubtfu1

[C]toleran