中石化英语职称考试历年真题.docx

中石化英语职称考试历年真题.docx

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中石化英语职称考试历年真题

中石化英语职称考试历年真题

2012年中国石油职称英语考试题及相应参考答案

类型08

试卷一

I.Vocabulary

Directions:

Therearesomeincompletesentencesinthispart.Beneatheach

sentenceyouwillseefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswer

thatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

1.German,spokenbyjustover100millionpeople,isoneoftheworld's

ten-largestlanguages__population.

A.inplaceofB.bymeansofC.intermsofD.bywayof

2.Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathers__onthiscontinentanewnation.

A.broughtoutB.broughtforthC.broughtaboutD.broughtup

3.Thetaxihadtobecausethetrafficlighthadturnedred.

A.setupB.catchupC.shutupD.pullup

4.TherearenoextremesoftemperatureonSouthIsland.Summersarewarm,not

hot,andwintersarebrisk__freezing.

A.inspiteofB.otherthanC.ratherthanD.regardlessof

5.Afterwehadbeeninthevillageforafewmonths,wesolikeditthatwedecided

tosettlethere

A.inturnB.forgoodC.asusualD.atmost

6.Generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewould__considerablebenefitsfor

thecountry'shealth,wealthandsecurity.

A.resultfromB.lieinC.leadtoD.figureout

7.AlthoughIspoketohimmanytimes,henevertookany__ofwhatIsaid.

A.noticeB.warningC.observationD.attention

8.Ourcompanydecidedto__thecontractbecauseanumberoftheconditions

inithadnotbeenmet.

A.destroyB.forbiddenC.assumeD.cancel

9.We'llvisitAustralianextyear__wehaveenoughmoney.

A.providedB.unlessC.untilD.lest

10.Scientistsareabouttheformationofcoal.

A.confidentialB.conferC.confidentD.conform

11.WilliamPenn,thefounderofPennsylvania,defendedtherightofevery

citizentofreedomofchoiceinreligion.

A.peculiarlyB.indifferentlyC.vigorouslyD.inevitably

12.TheGreatWallisafamoustourist,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.

A.attentionB.attractionC.appointmentD.arrangement

13.Purchasingthenewproductionlinewillbea__dealforthecorporation.

questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked

A,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkyouransweronthe

AnswerSheet.

Questions41to44arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Scientistsnowbelievethatmany,ifnotall,livingthingsarebornwithsome

typeofhiddenclock.Theseclocksaresometimessetbythenumberofhoursoflight

ordarknessinaday,bytherhythmofthetidesorbytheseasons.

Oneofthemostremarkableofnature'slivingclocksbelongstothefiddlercrab,

thatfamiliarbeach-dwellerwiththeovergrownclaw.Biologistshavelongknown

thatthecrab'sshellisdarkestduringtheday,growspaleinlateafternoon,then

beginstodarkenagainatdaybreak.Thisdaytimedarkeningisvaluablefor

protectionagainstenemiesandsunlight,andformanyyearsitwasthoughttobea

simpleresponsebythecrabtothesun--justasifweweretogetatanduringtheday

andloseitatnight.

Butwhenanenterprisingscientistplacedafiddlercrabindarkness,hewas

amazedtofindthatthecolorofthecrab'sshellkepttickingoffthetimewiththe

sameaccuracy.

Yetanotherstartlingfactwasrevealed:

thecrab'sshellreachedthedarkestcolor

about50minuteslatereachday.Therewasasecondclockinsidethecrab,forthe

tidesalsooccur50minuteslaterfromdaytoday.Moreover,evenwhenthecrabs

weretakenfromthebeachandputbackinthedark,theycontinuedtheirtidal

rhythm.MoreresearchdisclosedthatacrabfromCapeCod,Massachusetts,reached

itsdarkestcolorfourhoursearlierthantheonetakenfromabeachonaneighboring

island.Thetidesonthenearbyislandwerefoundtobeexactlyfourhourslaterthan

theCapeCodtides.

Birdsalsohavebuilt-intimepieceswhichsendthemoffonfallandspring

migrations.Whatthebirdsreallyhaveisaclock-likemechanismwhichallowsthem

totimehoursofdarknessorlightineachday.

Butwhatsendsbirdsnorthwardagaininthespring?

NewresearchbyDr.Albert

WolfsonofNorthwesternUniversityseemstoindicatethatthetimingofreturnflight

isextraordinarilycomplex.Inthefalloftheyeartheshortdaysandlongnights

causethe"clocks"inmigratorybirdstoundergoakindof"winding"inpreparation

fortheirspringreturnandbreeding.Thenduringthelatefallandwinterastheclock

"ticks",certainphysiologicalchangesoccurinthebird.Thelengthofeachday

duringthewinterdetermineshowfasttheclockwillrun,andhencewhenthe

"alarm"willringforthespringmigration.Theclockcontinuestorunthrough

breedingtime,thenstops--tobere-woundagainthenextfall.

Scientistsarenowlearningthatmanyoftheclocksofnaturecanbereset,

speededuporsloweddown--allforourbenefit.PioneeringexperimentsattheU.S.

DepartmentofAgriculture'sresearchcenterinBeltsville,Maryland,haveshown

thatplantscanbehelpedtodevelopfasterinlesstime.Byincreasingorlessening

thehoursofdarknessineachday,thescientistshavebeenabletommplantgrowth

offandonlikeanelectricswitch.

Newknowledgeaboutnature'slivingclockshaspracticalapplications.Forman,

too,seemstofollowdailyrhythms.Theamountofsugarinourbloodstreamvaries

withthetimeofday,asdoesourtemperature.Moreofthecellsinourskinand

musclesdivideduringthenighthoursthanduringtheday.Bytinkeringwiththe

clocksofplantsandanimals,scientistsmaylearnmoreaboutthefascinatingway

ourbodieswork.

41.Althoughscientistsknowthatthenumberofhoursofdaylightcontrolsthe

actionsofsomelivingthings,theyknowthatthisisnottheonlyfactorbecause

A.thefiddlercrab'sshellreachedthedarkestcoloratthesametimeinCape

Cod,Massachusettsanditsneighboringisland

B.thefiddlercrabcontinuedtochangecolorinthedark

C.plantswillnotgrowwithoutsunlight

D.alloftheabove

42.Fromthisarticleweconcludethattheserhythmsinnatureoccurmost

spectacularly__

A.inthehigherordersoflivingthings

B.inthelowerordersoflivingthings

C.inbirdsandanimals

D.inman

43.Scientistshavelearnedtocontroltosomeextentthenaturallyrhythmical

activitiesof

A.migratingbirds

B.growingplants

C.bodycells

D.fiddlercrabs

44.Thisarticleisbasically__

A.informational

B.entertaining

C.inspirational

D.controversial

Questions45to48arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Thereareseveralwaysoflisteningthatnetusnothingbuttrouble,accordingto

Dr.RalphNicholsoftheUniversityofMinnesota.Ifwerecognizeandtryto

conquerthem,wecanstepupourlisteningabilitybyabouttwenty-fivepercentand

therebygreatlyincreaseourchancesforsuccessinourdailylives.

Unlessyouareveryunusualindeed,saysDr.Nichols,youmustpleadguiltyto

severalofthefollowingbadlisteninghabits:

Shut-EarListening:

Maybeyoufeelyoualreadyknowwhatthespeakeris

goingtosay.Orhissubjectcouldn'tinterestyouless.Yoummoffyourears--and

whoknowswhatyoumaybemissingorwhenalittleknowledgeonthatsubject

maycomeinmightyhandy?

Anyway,whytaketherisk?

Over-My-HeadListening:

Youareconvincedthatthesubjectisbeyondyou,

soyoudepart,atleastinspirit.Youmayberight.Andthenagainyoumaybewrong.

Ifyouletthewordsenteryourmind,youmaybesurprisedtodiscoverthatthey

makesense.ButeveniftheyareasstrangeasGreektoyou,youshouldtrytolisten

andunderstand.Otherwiseyoumayfindsomedaythatyoumustattempttograspan

over-your-headideaandbetotallyunableeventotry.

MemoryTestListening:

Somepeoplethinkthattryingtomemorizeaseriesof

factsisgoodlistening.Theyarewrong.Forinstance,youaregettingastoryforyour

schoolpaperonanassemblyspeaker.Hemakesaseriesofpoints.Youtryto

memorizethem.ButwhileyouarebusyplantingfactsA,B,andCinyourmind,

repeatingthemoverandover,youarelosingoutonfactsDandE.Bettertolookfor

mainideas.Youwillfindthemmoreusefulandeasiertorecalllater.

Take-It-All-DownListening:

Whenyoutrytogettoomanyofthespeaker's

wordsonpaper,partofyourmindmustbeconcernedwithyournote-taking.Youare

unabletoconcentratefullyonwhatheissaying.Yourisklosingvaluablepoints.

Wherenote-takingisnecessary--andyoumaybesurprisedtofindouthowoftenit

isn'tifyouconcentratefullyonlistening--trytojotdownonlyamemory-jogging

wordortwo.Orputthemainideasonpaperafterthespeakerhasfinished.Themore

completeattentionyougivethespeaker,theeasieritwillbetorecallhisideaslater.

PersonalityListening:

Youbecomesoconcernedwiththewaythespeaker

looksorhowhetalksthatwhathesaysfailstopenetrate.Perhapsunconsciouslyyou

decidethatapersonwhodressesorspeakslikethatcan'thavemuchtosay.That

couldbeaveryfalseconclusion.Whoknowswhatyoumaybemissing?

It'stheold

story:

youcan'tjudgeagiftbythepackage.Bettertojudgehimafteryouhaveheard

himout.

Sotherearetheforces--somewithinourselves,someoutside--thatwork

againstusinoureffortstolisten.Butoncewelearnwhattheyareandhowtofight

them,wearewellonourwaytogettingridofwastefullisteninghabits.

45.Theauthorsuggeststhatitisaseriousmistake

A.toignoreaspeakerwhosesubjectseemstobebeyondyou

B.tostoplisteningwhenthespeaker'svoiceisnotclear

C.tolookawayfromthespeaker

D.todoanythingphysicalwhilelistening

46.Theauthoradvisesagainst

A.takingnotes

B.tryingtorememberd