考研英语一真题及答案.docx

考研英语一真题及答案.docx

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考研英语一真题及答案

2020年考研英语

（一）真题及答案

2020年考研英语

（一）真题及参考答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET（10points）

TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareavailableonoursmartphones._1_ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones_2_onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize,_3_yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou_4_cantfindnorth,afewtrickstohelpyounavigate_5_tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.

Whenyoufindyourselfwell_6_atrail,butnotinacompletely_7_area,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:

Which_8_isdownhill,inthisparticularareaAndwhereisthenearestwatersourceHumansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater._9_,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH20youfind,youshould_10_seesignsofpeople

Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights-youmaybe_11_howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.

Another_12_Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation._13_evenindensefores,youshouldbeableto_14_gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve_15_thewoods.Headtowardthese_16_tofindawayout.Atmightcanthehorizonfor_17_lightsourcessuchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.

_18_,assumingyou'relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe_19_weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazestiretracks.andotherfeaturescan_20_youtocivilization.

1.[A]Some[B]Most [C]Few [D]All

2.[A]put[B]take [C]run [D]come

3.[A]Since [B]If [C]Though[D]until

4.[A]Formally[B]relatively[C]gradually [D]literally

5.[A]back [B]next[C]around[D]away

6.[A]onto [B]off [C]across[D]alone

7.[A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar

8.[A]site[B]point [C]way [D]place

9.[A]So [B]Yet[C]Instead[D]Besides

lO.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly [D]eventually

11.[A]surprised [B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confused

12.[A]problem [B]option [C]view[D]result

13.[A]Aboveall[B]Incontrast[C]Onaverage [D]Forexample

14.[A]bridge[B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate

15.[A]form [B]through [C]beyond[D]Under

16.[A]posts[B]links[C]shades [D]breaks

17.[A]artificial [B]mysterious[C]hidden[D]limited

18.[A]Finally[B]Consequently[C]Incidentally [D]Generally

19.[A]memories [B]marks [C]notes[D]belongings

20.[A]restrict[B]adopt [C]lead [D]expose

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts,AnswerthequestionseachtextbychoosingAB.CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET（40points）

Text1

FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.

Startingnextyear.anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed1oyearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis"clawback"ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisktakingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution,Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:

morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies.saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagaintofclassicaleconomics,AlfredMarshallindescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike"Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain.henoteshasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirmseffortstoinvestinlone-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed"quarterlycapitalism”.

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequitiesquickeruseofinformation,andthusshortersattentionspansinfinancialmarkets."Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyAclof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce"short-termism."InitslatestsurveyofCEOpayTheWallstreetJournalfindsthat"asubstantialpart"ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage"long-termism,suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimescanmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders,Britain’snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformancenotjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe

A.enhancebankers'senseofresponsibility

Bhelpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governmentsimpatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D."short-termism"ineconomicactivities

23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe

A.inditedB.adverseC.minimalDtemporary

24.TheUSandFranceexamplesandusedtoillustrate

A.theobstaclestopreventing"short-termism.

B.thesignificanceorlongtermthinking.

C.theapproachestopromotinglong-termism.

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

Text2

Gradeinflation-thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs（grade-pointaverages）overthepastfewdecades-isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation,inwhichstudentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.Butanother,relatedforce-apolicyoftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalledgradeforgiveness"-ishelpingraiseGPAs.

Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalowgrade,andthemostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsincalculatingastudent'soverallGPA.

Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascollegescontinuetodotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool（andpayingtuition）andimprovetheirgradationrates.Whenthispracticefirstarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethemasecondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-levelcourses.Butnowmostcolleges,saveformanyselectivecampuses,allowallundergraduates,andevengraduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.

Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegradeitselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramandgradationwithoutincurringabigpenalty."Untimely."saidJackMine,OhioStateUniversity'sregistrar."weseestudentsachievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakeacourseanddobetterinsubsequentcontentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime.

Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescollegesownneedsaswell.Forpublicinstitutionsstatefindsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchasgraduationratesandstudentretentionsobettergradescan,byboostingfigureslikethose,meanmoremoney.AndanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudentswho,attheendofthedayarepayingthebill-feelthey’vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbigconcernforcolleges.

Indeedgradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers'expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadtoajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltotumoutgradateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible-oratleastappeartobe.Onthis,students'andcolleges’incentivesseemtobealigned.

26.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?

A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.

B.StudentsindifferencetoGPAS.

CCollegesneglectofGPAS.

D.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture.

27.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness

A.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.

B.Tomaintaincollegesgraduationrates.

C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.

D.Toincreaseuniversities’incomefromtuition.

28.AccordingtoParagraph5.gradeforgivenessenablescolleges

A.obtainmorefinancialsupport.

B.boosttheirstudentenrollments.

C.improvetheirteachingquality.

D.meetlocalgovernments’needs.

29.Whatdoesthephrase“tobealigned”（Line5.Para.6）mostprobablymean?

A.Tocounterbalanceeachother

B.Tocomplementeachother.

C.Tobeidenticalwitheachother

D.Tobecontradictorytoeachother.

30.Theauthorexaminesthepracticeofgradeforgivenessby

Aassessingitsfeasibility

B.analyzingthecausesbehindit.

C.comparingdifferentviewsonit.

D.listingitslong-runeffects

Text3

ThisyearmarksexactlytwocenturiessincethepublicationofFrankenstein,or.TheModemPrometheusbyMaryShelley.Evenbefo