阅读理解.docx

阅读理解.docx

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阅读理解

阅读理解

第六篇MakingLightofSleep  

Allwehaveaclocklocatedinsideourbrains.Similartoyourbedsidealarmclock，yourinternalclock2runsona24-hourcycle.Thiscycle，calledacircadianrhythm，helpscontrolwhen

youwake，whenyoueatandwhenyousleep.

Somewherearoundpuberty，somethinghappensinthetimingofthebiologicalclock.The

clockpushesforward，soadolescentsandteenagersareunabletofallasleepasearlyastheyusedto.Whenyourmothertellsyouit'stimeforbed，yourbodymaybepushingyoutostayup3forseveralhoursmore.AndthelightcomingfromyourcomputerscreenorTVcouldbepushingyoutostayupevenlater.

Thisshift4isnaturalforteenagers.Butstayingupverylateandsleepinglatecangetyourbody'sclockoutofsyncwiththecycleoflightanddark5.Itcanalsomakeithardtogetoutofbedinthemorningandmaybringotherproblems，too.Teenagersareputinakindofagraycloud6whentheydon'tgetenoughsleep，saysMaryCarskadon，asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityinProvidence，RI7.Itaffectstheirmoodandtheirabilitytothinkandlearn.

Butjustlikeyouralarmclock，yourinternalclockcanbereset.Infact，itautomaticallyresets

itselfeveryday.How?

Byusingthelightitgetsthroughyoureyes.

Scientistshaveknownforalongtimethatthelightofdayandthedarkofnightplayimportantrolesinsettingourinternalclocks.Foryears，researchersthoughtthatthesignalsthatsynchronizethebody'sclock8werehandledthroughthesamepathwaysthatweusetosee.

Butrecentdiscoveriesshowthatthehumaneyehastwoseparatelight-sensingsystems.Onesystemallowsustosee.Thesecondsystemtellsourbodywhetherit'sdayornight.

练习：

1.Theclocklocatedinsideourbrainsissimilartoourbedsidealarmclockbecause

Aitcontrolswhenwewake，whenweeatandwhenwesleep.

Bithasacycleof24hours.

Citisacyclealsocalledcircadianrhythm.

Ditcanalarmanytimeduring24hours.

2.Whatisimpliedinthesecondparagraph?

AYoungchildren'sbiologicalclockhasthesamerhythmwiththatoftheteenagers.

BPeopleafterpubertybegintogotobedearlierduetothechangeofthebiologicalclock.

CChildrenbeforepubertytendtofallasleepearlieratnightthanadolescents.

DTeenagersgotobedlaterthantheyusedtoduetothelightfromthecomputerscreen.

3.Inthethirdparagraphtheauthorwantstotellthereaderthat

Aitisnaturalforteenagerstostayuplateandgetuplate.

Bstayinguplatehasabadeffectonteenagers'abilitytothinkandlearn.

Cduringpubertymostteenagersexperienceakindofgraycloud.

Ditishardforteenagerstogetoutofbedinthemorning.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothefourthandfifthparagraphs?

AOurbiologicalclockresetsitselfautomatically.

Blightgetsthroughoureyesandresetsourbiologicalclock.

COurinternalclockaswellasthealarmclockcanberesetautomatically.

DOurinternalclock，likethealarmclock，canbereset.

5.Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs，whatdidthepreviousresearchersthinkaboutthehumaneye'slight-sensingsystem?

AThehumaneyehadtwolight-sensingsystems.

BThehumaneyehadonelight-sensingsystem.

CThehumaneyecouldsensethelightofdaymorequicklythanthedarkofnight.

DThehumaneyecouldresetourinternalclocksinaccordancewiththealarmclocks.

答案与题解：

1.B第一段第二句提供了答案。

句中的yourinternalclock即指aclocklocatedinsideour

Brains。

2.C第二段主要内容是告诉读者，过了青春期（puberty），由于生物钟节奏的变化，青少年（adolescentsandteenagers）比以前要晚睡几小时。

所以C是该段所隐含的内容。

3.B第三段的最后一句直接给出了答案。

4.C根据第四和第五段的内容，闹钟和生物钟都可以重新设定时间，但生物钟能通过眼睛接

受的日光来自动调节生理节奏。

所以A、B和D都是这两段中所述内容，C是正确选择，因为闹钟不能自动重新设定时间。

5.B问题使用的是过去时，问的是研究者在最新发现（recentdiscoveries）之前对眼睛感光系统的认识，即，thesignalsthatsynchronizethebody'sclockwerehandledthroughthesame

pathwaysthatweusetosee（眼睛所接受到的平衡生物钟的光信号同样作用于人类的视觉系

统），也就是说，研究者之前认为人类的眼睛只有一个感光系统。

但最新发现却是，人的眼睛有两个感光系统。

第十九篇Graphene'sSuperstrength  

Bigtechnologycomesintinypackages.Newcellphonesandpersonalcomputersgetsmallereveryyear，whichmeanstheseelectronicsrequireevensmallercomponentsontheinside.Engineersarelookingforcreativewaystobuildthesecomponents，andthey'veturnedtheireyestographene，asuperthin2material，madeofcarbon，thatcouldchangethefutureofelectronics.

Thisyear'sNobelPrizeforPhysics3hasbeenawardedtoAndreGeimandKostyaNovoselovfromtheUniversityofManchester4，UK.forthediscoveryofgraphene.Grapheneisn'tjustsmall,it's“thethinnestpossiblematerialinthisworld，”saysNovoselov.Hecallsita“wondermaterial.”It'ssothinthatyouwouldneedtostackabout25,000sheetsjusttomakeapileasthickasapieceofordinarywhitepaper.Ifyouweretoholdasheetofgrapheneinyourfingers5，you'dhavenoideabecauseyouwouldn'tbeabletoseeit.

Carbonisoneofthemostabundantelementsintheuniverse.Everyknownkindoflifecontainscarbon.Grapheneisasheetofcarbon，butonlyoneatomthick.Youdon'thavetolookfartofindgrapheme—it'sallaroundyou.

Ifyouwantthishigh-techwonderstuff6，allyouneedisapencil，paperandalittleadhesivetape.Usethepenciltoshadeasmallareaonthepaper,andthenapplyasmallpieceofadhesivetapeoverthearea7.Whenyoupullupthetape，you'llseethatitpullsupathinlayerofsomeoftheshadingfromyourpencil.Thatlayeriscalledgraphite，oneofthesoftestmineralsintheworld.

Nowstickthesamepieceoftapeonanothersheetofpaperandpullthetapeup—thereshouldbeaneventhinnerlayer，thistimeleftonthepaper.Nowimaginethatyoudothisoverandover，untilyougetthethinnestpossiblelayerofmaterialonthepaper.Thislayerwouldbeonlyoneatomthick，andyouwouldn'tbeabletoseeit.Graphiteismadeoflayersofgraphene，sowhenyougettothethinnestpossiblelayer，you'vefoundgraphene.

练习：

1.Whatwouldchangethefutureofelectronicsaccordingtoengineers?

A Bigtechnology.

B Creativeways.

C Graphene.

D BothAandB.

2.Accordingtothesecondandthirdparagraphs，whatistrueofgraphene?

A Itcanbeusedtomakepaper.

B Itispossibletoseeitwithournakedeye.

C Itiseasytofindgraphene.

D Itispossiblythethickestmaterialintheworld.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtoreplacetheword“apply”inparagraph4?

A request.

B polish.

C use.

D put.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmeantinthelasttwoparagraphs?

A Grapheneismadeofgraphite，oneofthesoftestmaterialsintheworld.

B Graphiteismadeoflayersofgraphene，thethinnestmaterialintheworld.

C Whenwegettothethinnestpossiblelayerofgraphite，wefindgraphene.

D Withapencil，asheetofpaperandapieceofadhesivetape，wecanfindgraphene.

5.Graphene'ssuperstrengthliesinthefactthat

A Itisthethinnestmaterialintheworld.

B Itismadeofthemostabundantelementsintheworld.

C Itcanhelptomakeelectroniccomponentssmaller.

D Ithelpsengineerstoproducemoresensitiveelectronicproducts.

答案与题解：

1.C第一段最后一句提供了答案：

工程师将眼光投向石墨烯，一种由碳原子组成的超薄材料，

这种材料能够改变电子产品的未来。

2.C第二段倒数第二句告诉我们，25,000层石墨烯才能堆砌成一张普通白纸的厚度，这是为了说明石墨烯是多么的薄，而不是说它可以用来造纸，所以A不是正确答案。

第三段最后一句说明石墨烯就在我们周围，因此C是答案。

B和D的表述内容都与该两段内容不符合。

3.D apply...over：

将……涂（敷）在……上。

4.A最后两段告诉我们，用一张纸，一支铅笔和一片胶带就能找到石墨烯；无数层石墨烯构成石墨，当铅笔留在纸上的石墨被胶带剥离到最薄一层时，我们就得到了石墨烯。

因此只有A不是最后两段的表述内容。

5.C第一段提供了答案。

随着电子产品越来越小，需要更小的电子组件（components），而石墨烯作为最薄的材料可以帮助工程师实现这一目标。

这就是石墨烯力量所在。

*第三十八篇

"LifeFormFound"onSaturn'sTitan

Scientistssaytheyhavediscoveredhintsofalienlife1ontheSaturn'smoon2.ThediscoveryofasortoflifewasannouncedafterresearchersattheUSspaceagency,NASA3,analyzeddatafromspacecraftCassini4,whichpointedto,theexistenceofmethane-basedformoflifeonSaturn'sbiggestmoon.

Scientistshavereportedlydiscoveredcluesshowingprimitivealienbeingsare"breathing"in

Titan'sdenseatmospherefilledwithhydrogen.

TheyarguethathydrogengetsabsorbedbeforehittingTitan'splanet-likesurfacecoveredwithmethanelakesandrivers.This,theysay,pointstotheexistenceofsome"bugs"5consumingthehydrogenatthesurfaceofthemoonlessthanhalfthesizeoftheEarth.

"Wesuggestedhydrogenconsumptionbecauseit'stheobviousgasforlifetoconsumeonTitan,similartothewayweconsumeoxygenonEarth,"saysNASAscientistChrisMcKay."Ifthesesignsdoturnouttobeasignoflife,itwouldbedoublyexcitingbecauseitwouldrepresentasecondformoflifeindependentfromwater-basedlifeonEarth."

Todate,scientistshavenotyetdetectedthisformoflifeanywhere,thoughthereareliquid-

water-basedmicroorganismsonEarththatgrowwellonmethaneorproduceitasawasteproduct.OnTitan,wheretemperaturesarearound90Kelvin6（minus290degreesFarenheit）,amethanebasedorganismwouldhavetouseasubstancethatisliquidasitsmediumforlivingprocesses,butnotwateritself.WaterisfrozensolidonTitan'ssurfaceandmuchtoocoldtosupportlifeasweknowit.

ScientistshadexpectedtheSun'sinteractionswithchemicalsintheatmospheretoproduceacoatingofacetyleneonTitan'ssurface.ButCassinidetectednoacetyleneonthesurface.

TheabsenceofdetectableacetyleneontheTitan'ssurfacecanverywellhaveanon-biologicalexplanation,saidMarkAllen,aprincipalinvestigator7oftheNASATitanteam.

"Scientificconservatismsuggeststhatabiologicalexplanationshouldbethelastchoiceafterallnon-biologicalexplanationsareaddressed,"Allensaid."Wehavealotofworktodotoruleout8possiblenon-biologicalexplanations.Itismorelikelythatachemicalprocess,withoutbiology,canexplaintheseresults."

练习：

1.WhathavescientistsfoundaboutSaturn?

ATheyhavefoundanewmoonorbi