大学英语四级信息匹配.docx

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大学英语四级信息匹配.docx

大学英语四级信息匹配

大学英语四、六级考试信息匹配题阅读训练

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraph.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Passage1

SurvivingtheRecession

A)America’srecessionbeganquietlyattheendof2007.Sincethenithasevolvedintoaglobalcrisis.Reasonablepeoplemaydisagreeaboutwhomtoblame.Financierswhowerenotascleverastheythoughttheywere?

Regulatorsfallingasleepatwork?

Consumerswhoborrowedtoomuch?

Politicianswhothoughtlesslypromotedhome-ownershipforthosewhocouldnotaffordit?

Allareguilt;andwhatamesstheyhavecreated.

B)Since2007Americahasshed5millionjobs.Morethan15%oftheworkforcearejoblessorunderemployed—roughly25millionworkers.Theonlyindustriesswellingtheirpayrollsarehealthcare,utilitiesandthefederalgovernment.ThevalueoflistedsharesinAmericanfirmscollapsedby57%fromitspeakinOctober2007toalowinMarchthisyear,thoughithassinceboundedbacksomewhat.Industrialproductionfellby12.8%intheyeartoMarch,theworstslidesincetheSecondWorldWar.MarkZandi,aneconomistatMoody’sEconomy.,predictsthattherecessionwillshrinkAmerica’seconomyby3.5%intotal.“Formostexecutives,thisistheworstbusinessenvironmentthey’veeverseen.”

C)Timesaresotoughthatevenbossesaretakingpaycuts.Median(中位数的)payforchiefexecutivesofS&P500companiesfell6.8%in2008.TheoverthrownbusinessgiantsofWallStreettookthebiggestknock,withaveragepaycutsof38%andmedianbonusesofzero.Buttherewassomepainforeveryone:

medianpayforchiefexecutivesofnon-financialfirmsintheS&P500fellby2.7%.

D)Nearlyeverybusinesshasasadtaletotell.Forexample,ArneSorenson,thepresidentofMarriotthotel,likensthecrisistothedownturnthathithisbusinessafterSeptember11th,2001.Whenthetwintowersfell,Americansstoppedtravelling.Marriotthaditsworstquarterever,withrevenuesperroomfallingby25%.Thisyear,withoutaterroristattack,thehotelindustryis“puttingthesamenumbersontheboard”,saysMr.Sorenson.

E)Otherindustrieshavesufferedevenmore.Largenumbersofbuilders,propertyfirmsandretailershavegonebankrupt.AndadisasterhashitDetroit.LastyeartheAmericancarindustryhadthecapacitytomake17millionvehicles.Salesin2009couldbebarelyhalfofthat.TheBigThreeAmericancarmakers—GeneralMotors,FordandChrysler—accumulatedruinouscostsoverthepost-waryears,suchasgold-platedhealthplansandpensionsforworkerswhoretiredasyoungas48.Allthreearedesperatelyrestructuring.OnlyFordmaysurviveinitscurrentform.

F)Hardtimesbreedhardfeeling.FewAmericansunderstandwhatcausedtherecession.Someareseekingscapegoats(替罪羊).Politiciansarehappytotakeadvantage.BosseshavebeensummonedtoWashingtontobescoldedonlivetelevision.Thepresidentcondemnstheirgreed.

G)Businessfolksarebendingoverbackwardstoavoidseemingextravagant.Meetingsatresortsaresuddenlyunacceptable.GoldmanSachs,aninvestmentbank,cancelledaconferenceinLasVegasatthelastminuteandrebookeditinSanFrancisco,whichcostmorebutsoundedlessfun.

H)Anyway,thepainwilleventuallyend.Americanbusinesswillregainitsshine.Manyfirmswilldie,butthesurvivorswillemergeleanerandstrongerthanbefore.Thefinancialsector’sshareoftheeconomywillshrink,andstayshrunkforyearstocome.Theimportanceofnon-financialfirmswillaccordinglyrise,alongwiththeirabilitytoattractthebesttalent.Americawillremainthebestplaceonearthtodobusiness,solongasBarackObamaandtheDemocratsinCongressresistthetemptationtointerferetoomuch,andsolongasorganizedlaborsdoesnotoverplayitshand.

I)Mr.Obama’splantocurbcarbondioxideemissions(排放),thoughnecessary,willbefarfromcost-free,whateverhissunnyspeechesonthesubjectmightsuggest.Theshifttoalow-carboneconomywillhelpsomefirms,hurtothersandrequireeveryorganizationthatusesmuchenergytorethinkhowitoperates.ItishardertopredicthowMr.Obama’sproposedreformstothefailinghealth-caresystemwillturnout.Ifhesucceedsincurbingcosts—abigif—itwouldbeahugegainforAmerica.Somebusinesswillbenefitbutthevastbulkofthesavingswillbecapturedbyworkers,nottheiremployers.

J)Inthenextcoupleofyearsthebusinessesthatthrivewillbethosethataretightwithcosts,carefulofdebt,cautiouswithcashflowandextremelyattentivetowhatcustomerswant.Theywillincludeplentyofnamesnoonehasyetheardof.

K)Timeschange,andcorporationschangewiththem.In1955Time’sManoftheYearwasHarlowCurtice,thebossofGM.HisfirmwasleadingAmericatowards“aneweconomicorder”,themagazinewrote.ThankstomenlikeCurtice,“thebondsofscarcity”hadbeenbrokenandAmericawasrolling“toanall-timehighofprosperity”.Soon,Americanswouldneedtospend“comparativelylittletimeearningaliving”.

L)HalfacenturylaterGMisatypicalexampleforpoormanagement.InMarchitschiefexecutivewasfiredbyTime’scurrentManoftheYear,Mr.Obama.Thegovernmentnowbacksupthedomesticcarindustry,lendingitmoneyandoverseeingitsturnaroundplans.Withluck,thiswillbeshort-lived.ButthereisadangerthatWashingtonwillendupmicromanagingnotonlyDetroitbutalsootherpartsoftheeconomy.AndcleverasMr.Obama’sadvisersare,historysuggeststheywillbebadatthis.

1.TheAmerica’srecessionaffectedthehotelindustryasbadlyasthe9/11terroristattack.

2.Businessmenaretryingtoavoidseemingwastefulinresponsetotherecession.

3.Inthenearfuture,athrivingbusinesswillgowithcautiousmanagementtactics.

4.MuchdoubtremainswhethertheObamaadministrationwilldowellinmicromanagingtheAmerica’seconomy.

5.AcombinationofcausesisresponsibleforthecurrentAmericanrecession,whichbeganin2007.

6.ThegovernmentisnotsupposedtointerferetoomuchinAmericanbusinesses.

7.ThebigThreeAmericancarmakersneedrestructuringtosurviveduetotheiraccumulationoftheruinouscostsoverthepost-waryears.

8.InMarch,GM”schiefexecutivewasfiredbyObamaforpoormanagement.

9.Accordingtotheauthor,Obama’splantolimitcarbondioxideemissionswillbynomeansbeinexpensive.

10.Attheworsttime,thetotalvalueoflistedsharesinAmericanfirmsshrankbyfifty-sevenpercent.

(DGJLAHELIB)

Passagetwo

SmallschoolsRising

A)Thisyear’slistofthetop100highschoolsshowsthattoday,thosewithfewerstudentsareflourishing.

B)Fiftyyearsago,theywerethelatestthingineducationalreform:

big,modern,suburbanhighschoolswithstudentscountedinthethousands.Asbabyboomers(二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人)cameofhigh-schoolage,bigschoolspromisedeconomicefficiency.Agreaterchoiceofcourses,and,ofcourse,betterfootballteams.Onlyyearslaterdidweunderstandthetrade-offsthisinvolved:

thecreationofexcessivebureaucracies(官僚机构),thedifficultyofforgingpersonalconnectionsbetweenteachersandstudents.SATscoresbegandroppingin1963;today,onaverage,30%ofstudentsdonotcompletehighschoolinfouryears,afigurethatrisesto50%inpoorurbanneighborhoods.Whiletheemphasisonteachingtohigher,test-drivenstandardsassetinNoChildLeftBehindresultedinsignificantlybetterperformanceinelementary(andsomemiddle)schools,highschoolsforavarietyofreasonseemedtohavemadelittleprogress.

C)Sizeisn’teverything,butitdoesmatter,andthepastdecadehasseenanoticeablecountertrendtowardsmallerschools.Thishasbeendue,inpart,totheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,whichhasinvested$1.8billioninAmericanhighschools,helpingtoopenabout1000smallschools—mostofthemwithabout400kidseach,withanaverageenrollmentofonly150pergrade.About500moreareonthedrawingboard.Districtsalloverthecountyaretakingnotice,alongwithmayorsincitieslikeNewYork,ChicagoandSanDiego.Themovementincludesindependentpubliccharterschools,suchasNo.1BASISinTucson,withonly120high-schoolsand18graduatesthisyear.Itembracesdistrict-sanctionedmagnetschools,suchastheTalentedandGiftedSchool,with198students,andtheScienceandEngineeringMagnet,with383,whichshareabuildinginDallas,aswellastheCityHonorsSchoolinBuffalo,N.Y.,whichgrewoutofvolunteereveningseminarsforstudents.Anditincludesalternativeschoolswithstudentsselectedbylottery(抽签),suchasH.BWoodlawninArlington,Va.Andmostnoticeableofall,thereisthephenomenonoflargeurbanandsuburbanhighschoolsthathavesplitupintosmallerunitsofafewhundred,generallyhousedinthesamegroundsthatonceboastedthousandsofstudentsallmarchingtothesameband.

D)HillsdaleHighSchoolinSanMateo,Calif.,isoneofthose,rankingNo.423—amongthetop2%inthecountry—onNewsweek’sannualrankingofAmerica’stophighschools.Thesuccessofsmallschoolsisapparentinthelistings.Tenyearsago,whenthefirstNewsweeklistbasedoncollege-leveltestparticipationwaspublished,onlythreeofthetop100schoolshadgraduatingclassessmallerthan100students.Thisyearthereare22.Nearly250schoolsonthefullNewsweeklistofthetop5%ofschoolsnationallyhadfewerthan200graduatesin2007.

E)AlthoughmanyofHillsdale’sstudentscamefromwealthyhouseholds,bythelate1990averagetestscoreswereslidingand

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