学年人教版英语必修第一册 UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures.docx
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学年人教版英语必修第一册UNIT4SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures
SectionⅢ DiscoveringUsefulStructures
supply n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品
vt.供应;供给
(教材P52)Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.
向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
(1)school/medicalsupplies 学校用品/医疗用品
(2)supplysth.tosb.为某人提供某物
supplysb.withsth.为某人提供某物
①Thewatersupplyhasbeencutoffbecausetheworkersarerepairingthemainpipes.
因工人们在修主要管道,水资源供应被切断。
②TheInternetsuppliesalotofinformationtouseveryday.
因特网每天给我们提供很多信息。
③Thereisnoneedtoworry.Wecansupplyyou_withwhateveryouneed.
=Thereisnoneedtoworry.Wecansupplywhateveryouneedto_you.
没有必要担心,我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。
survive vi.生存;存活
vt.幸存;艰难度过
(教材P52)She’sfeedingthebabywhosurvivedtheearthquake.
她在喂在地震中幸存的婴儿。
(1)AsurviveB(by)... A比B活得长……
surviveon依靠……生存下来
survivefrom从……存活下来,流传下来
(2)survivorn.幸存者
survivaln.[U]幸存;[C]残存物
①Ofthesixpeopleinjuredintheterribleaccident,onlytwosurvived.
在这次可怕的事故受伤的六人中,只有两人活了下来。
②Thetravelertrappedinthelonelyislandsurvivedonthefishcaughtinthesea.
被困在孤岛上的那位旅客靠在海里捕到的鱼生存了下来。
③Somestrangecustomshavesurvivedfromearliertimes.
有些奇怪的风俗是从早年流传下来的。
④Theoldladyhassurvivedallhersistersandbrothersbytenyears.
那位老妇人比她所有的兄弟姐妹晚去世10年。
Hewastheonlysurvivorinthatbadaccident,andafterthesurvival,hehasbeenlivingahappyandhealthylife.
关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
用适当的关系代词填空
1.(教材P50)Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.
2.(教材P50)Twothirdsofthepeoplewho_livedthereweredeadorinjured.
3.(教材P50)Thenumberofpeople_whowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.
4.(教材P50)Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.
5.(教材P50)Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.
6.(教材P52)AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.
定义
1.在主从复合句中,对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2.关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等)和关系副词(when,where,why等)两类。
关系代词的基本用法
1.who指人,在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。
◆Thechildrenwhowereinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow. 在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。
(作主语)
◆Dannywasamanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。
(作宾语)
2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略,也可用who代替。
◆Roseistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.
罗丝是你应该关心的人。
◆Theboy(who/whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
3.whose既可以指人,也可以指物,表示“所属”关系,whose在定语从句中作定语。
◆Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.
任何由于家境贫寒而上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。
(修饰人)
◆Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.
他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。
(修饰物)
[即时演练1]——关系代词填空
①Thewomanwhoisshakinghandswithmysisterisadoctor.
②Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsetdownyournames,please.
③ThegirlwhograduatedfromCambridgeUniversityiscalledAmanda.
④Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.
⑤Theoldmanwhom/whoyouspoketoisafamousdoctor.
4.which指事物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
◆Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.
中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
(作主语)
◆Theradio(which)heboughtyesterdaydoesn’twork.
他昨天买的收音机坏了。
(作宾语)
◆ThisisthehouseinwhichIoncelived.
这是我曾经住过的房子。
(作介词in的宾语)
5.that既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略。
习惯上指人多用who,whom,指物多用which。
◆Thisisthenovelthatinterestsme.
这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。
(指物,作主语)
◆Themagazine(that)Iboughtyesterdayislost.
我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。
(指物,作宾语)
◆Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。
(that指人,作主语)
关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语,因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。
[误]Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.
[正]Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.
[即时演练2]——关系代词填空
①Look,herearesomepeoplewho/whom/thatIwantyoutomeet.
②Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthat/whichwevisitedthreemonthsago?
③Thepicturewhich/thatwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.
关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
1.当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,much等不定代词时。
◆HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗?
◆Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
所有能做的都做了。
2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
◆ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
◆ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.
这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
3.先行词被all,every,no,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。
◆I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.
我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。
◆Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp. 她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
◆IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.
我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
4.当先行词既指人,又指物时。
◆Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
[即时演练3]——完成句子
①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
Thisisthemostbeautifulparkthat_I_have_visited.
②她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethat_she_was_interested_in.
③聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。
Chattingwasthe_only_thing_thatinterestedhermost.
单句语法填空
1.LastweekendmyroommatesandItalkedaboutthehappydaysthat/whichwehadincollege.
2.Jakeusedtobeabraveboythat/whom/whohisteachersalwayspraised.
3.Ann’sparentsallowedAnntohelpJohnwhosefamilywaspoor.
4.Theyhavegotarobotthat/whichcantakecareoftheoldandbabies.
5.Lucycalledherbrotherthat/whom/whoshehadn’tspokentoforfiveyears.
6.Thefirefighterrescuedthosewhoweretrappedinthelift.
7.IvisitedthecouplelastweekwhosedaughterisstudyingintheUnitedStates.
8.ItisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverread.
9.Therearemanythingsthat/whichIneedtobuybeforethetriptoFrance.
10.Martindidn’tbuythenewcellphonewhosepricewastoohighforhim.
11.DoyoulikethefilmTitanicwhosemusicisverybeautiful?
12.I’mnotinterestedinthestorythat/whichisaboutthetriptothemoon.
13.OneHundredYearsofSolitudeisthemostwonderfulbookthatIhavereadsofar.
14.Whenshecamenear,Ifoundthatshewasoneofmyclassmatesthat/whom/whoIhadnotmetsincegraduation.
15.Todaytherearelotsofvideogamesthat/whicheatupourtime.
16.Lucylikesthewomanwriterwhosebooksteachheralot.
17.Johnsonisthestudentwhom/who/thathisteachersareproudof.
18.Iwon’tdoanythingthatharmsmeormyfriendsforever.
19.AllthestoriesthatMrs.Yangwrotehavesomethingtodowithteenagers.
20.Aliceisoneofthegirlsinourschoolwhohavewontheprizethreetimes.
语法与写作
请将下列句子升级为含定语从句的复合句。
1.Wearegoingtointerviewthewriter.Hisnewnovelhasbeenwellreceivedbythepublic.
We_are_going_to_interview_the_writer_whose_new_novel_has_been_well_received_by_the_public.
2.Thewashingmachineisoutoforder.Mrs.Greenboughtthewashingmachineamonthago.
The_washing_machine_(that/which)_Mrs._Green_bought_a_month_ago_is_out_of_order.
3.Thepolicearelookingforthelittlegirl.Thelittlegirlgotlostyesterday.
The_police_are_looking_for_the_little_girl_that/who_got_lost_yesterday.
4.Thegirlismakingaspeechunderthenationalflag.Thegirlisourmonitor.
The_girl_who/that_is_making_a_speech_under_the_national_flag_is_our_monitor.
5.TheyvisitedPeteryesterday.Peter’slegwasinjuredinacaraccident.
They_visited_Peter_yesterday_whose_leg_was_injured_in_a_car_accident.
6.Ivaluethecellphone.Myauntgavemethecellphoneasmybirthdaygiftlastweekend.
I_value_the_cellphone_(that/which)_my_aunt_gave_me_as_my_birthday_gift_last_weekend.
7.Susanisclever.Susan’sdreamistobecomeafamoussinger.
Susan,_whose_dream_is_to_become_a_famous_singer,_is_clever.
8.Marycan’tbelievethenews.Tonytoldherthenewsjustnow.
Mary_can’t_believe_the_news_(that/which)_Tony_told_her_just_now.
阅读理解
A
OnJan.11,amothernamedAmyCalhounhadanextremelyscaringexperiencebeforeaneighborcametohelpher.Afterdrinkingmilkandasmallamountofjuice,her7weekoldsonOliverbegantocry.Hismothergentlypatted(拍打)hisback.Thenhevomited(呕吐).ThevomitwasstuckinOliver’snose.Hecouldn’tbreathe.
Calhounrandownstairs.Shelaidhimonthehardfloorandwentoutsideandshoutedforhelp.ShetriedCPR.Shewasn’tdoingitright.Shewentoutsideandshoutedagainforhelp.Sheturnedaround.Oliverwasblue.Hiseyeswereclosed.“Hewasgone,”shesaid.Thenextthingsheknewwasthatastrangerwasthere.“Idon’tevenrememberseeinghimcomein,”shesaid.MarcusBrewerrantothehome.Calhounwascrying.Hesawthelifelessbaby.“Shewasjustsaying,‘Mybaby’sdead.’”hesaid.“That’sallIrememberhersaying.”
Brewer,aformervolunteerfirefighter,toldhertocalmdownandtellhimwhathadhappened.HepickedOliverup.Oliver’sarmsandlegshungloosely.Brewerturnedhimoverandstronglypattedhisback.Hesucked(吸)outthevomitandperformedCPR.Afterawhile,BrewersawOliver’sdarkbluelipsshake.AndCalhounheardOlivercry.Oliverhadbeenbroughtbacktolifejustbeforetheambulancearrived.CalhounandherbabyweremovedtoMedicalCenter,wherethedoctorssaidhewasperfectlyhealthy.
Calhounthoughttheincidentcouldbealesson,andencouragedeveryonetolearnCPR.“Theremightbeonedaywhenyou’llhavetouseittosavealovedoneorastranger,”shesaid.“Ifitweren’tforhim,mysonwouldnotbehererightnow.”AsOlivergetsolder,sheplanstotellhimhisstory.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。
一个7周大的婴儿因呕吐物卡在鼻中而停止呼吸,邻居赶来对其实施急救,从而使婴儿得救。
1.WhydidOliverstopbreathing?
A.Hedrankbadmilkandjuice.
B.Somethingharmedhislung.
C.Somethingwasstuckinhisnose.
D.Hismotherwronglypattedhim.
C 解析:
细节理解题。
根据第一段的“ThevomitwasstuckinOliver’snose.Hecouldn’tbreathe.”可知,Oliver因呕吐物卡在鼻中而停止呼吸。
2.Calhoundidn’tnoticeBrewercomeintothehomeprobablybecause________.
A.shewas