托福阶段测试初级段 嘉庚10.docx

托福阶段测试初级段 嘉庚10.docx

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托福阶段测试初级段嘉庚10

AT阶段测试初级段嘉庚1.0

AbsuloteToefl初级段听力测试部分

Listentotheconversation1,thenanswerthequestions1-5:

Conversation1【音频“听1”】

1:

Whydoesthewomencometotheoffice?

A.Tonotifytheuniversityofherchangeofaddress

B.Tofindoutwhereherphysicsclassisbeingheld

C.Togetdirectionstothesciencebuilding

D.Tocomplainaboutherphysicsclassbeingcanceled

2:

Whathappenedtothelettertheuniversitysenttothewoman?

A.Shethrewitawaybymistake

B.Herroommateforgottogiveittoher

C.Itwassenttoheroldmailingaddress

D.Itwassenttoanotherstudentbymistake

3:

Whywasthewoman’sphysicsclasscanceled?

A.Notenoughstudentssigneduptotaketheclass

B.Noprofessorswereavailabletoteachtheclass

C.Theuniversitychangeditsrequirementsforphysicsstudents

D.Therewerenoclassroomsavailableinthesciencebuildingatthehour

4:

Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomandobeforethebeginningofnextsemester?

A.Consultwithheradvisoraboutherclassschedule

B.Checkwiththeregistrar’sofficeaboutthelocationoftheclass

C.Registerforherclassesearly

D.Callthephysicsdepartment

5:

Whatdoesthemanimplywhenhesaysthis:

【音频“重听题1”】

A.Heknowsthephysicsclasshasbeencanceled

B.Heisnotsurewherethesciencebuildingis

C.Manyoftheroomassignmentshavebeenchanged

D.Thewomencancheckforherselfwhereherclassis

Listentotheconversation2,thenanswerthequestions6-10:

Conversation2【音频“听2”】

6.Whydoesthestudentgotoseetheprofessor?

A.Toreportontheresearchhehasdone

B.Toaskforpermissiontoobserveaclass

C.Togethelpunderstandinganassignment

D.Toaskaboutaquestiononarecenttest

7.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatshouldthestudentdoaftercompletingthefirstobservation?

A.Lookforanotherchildtoobserve

B.Researchthechild’sdevelopmentalstage

C.Reporthisprogresstotheclass

D.Submitthenoteshetookduringtheobservation

8.Whydoesthestudentmentionachildplayingwithatoycar?

A.Toidentifyabehaviorthatwouldshowachild’simaginationdeveloping

B.Toidentifyabehaviorthatmightillustrateegocentricthinking

C.Togiveanexampleofabehaviorhehasobserved

D.Togiveanexampleofabehaviorhewouldnotneedtodescribe

9.Whyshouldthestudentcontacttheeducationdepartmentsecretary?

A.Herchildattendsaschoolrunbytheuniversity.

B.Shehasalistoffamiliesthatmightbeabletohelptheman.

C.Shecancontactstudentswhohaveworkedonasimilarproject.

D.Shewillexplainhowtoobserveaclasswithoutdisturbingit.

10.Listenagaintopartoftheconversation.Thenanswerthequestion.

Whatdoestheprofessormeanwhenshesaysthis:

【音频“重听题2”】

A.Theman’spaperhasastrongintroduction.

B.Themanhasalreadystartedhisresearchproject.

C.Theassignmentcannotbesubmittedlate.

D.Themandoesnotfullyunderstandassignment.

AbsoluteToefl初级段阅读测试部分

ReadingDirections

InthispartoftheReadingsection.youwillread1passages.Inthetestyouwillhave20minutestoreadthepassageandanswerthequestions.

Mostquestionsareworth1pointbutthelastquestioninthissetisworthmorethan1point.Thedirectionsindicatehowmanypointsyoumayreceive.

TheOriginsofCetaceans

Itshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans—whales,porpoises,anddolphins—aremammals.Theybreathethroughlungs,notthroughgills,andgivebirthtoliveyoung.Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofafluke1andblowhole2cannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithlanddwellingmammals.However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds（seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea）,itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.Extinctbutalreadyfullymarinecetaceansareknownfromthefossilrecord.Howwasthegapbetweenawalkingmammalandaswimmingwhalebridged?

Missinguntilrecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceans.

Veryexcitingdiscoverieshavefinallyallowedscientiststoreconstructthemostlikelyoriginsofcetaceans.In1979,ateamlookingforfossilsinnorthernPakistanfoundwhatprovedtobetheoldestfossilwhale.ThefossilwasofficiallynamedPakicetusinhonorofthecountrywherethediscoverywasmade.Pakicetuswasfoundembeddedinrocksformedfromriverdepositsthatwere52millionyearsold.TheriverthatformedthesedepositswasactuallynotfarfromanancientoceanknownastheTethysSea.

Thefossilconsistsofacompleteskullofanarchaeocyte,anextinctgroupofancestorsofmoderncetaceans.Althoughlimitedtoaskull,thePakicetusfossilprovidespreciousdetailsontheoriginsofcetaceans.Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.Theskullalsolacksablowhole,anothercetaceanadaptationfordiving.Otherfeatures,however,showexpertsthatPakicetusisatransitionalformbetweenagroupofextinctflesh-eatingmammals,themesonychids,andcetaceans.IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.

AnothermajordiscoverywasmadeinEgyptin1989.Severalskeletonsofanotherearlywhale,Basilosaurus,werefoundinsedimentsleftbytheTethysSeaandnowexposedintheSaharadesert.Thiswhalelivedaround40millionyearsago,12millionyearsafterPakicetus.Manyincompleteskeletonswerefoundbuttheyincluded,forthefirsttimeinanarchaeocyte,acompletehindlegthatfeaturesafootwiththreetinytoes.Suchlegswouldhavebeenfartoosmalltohavesupportedthe50-foot-longBasilosaurusonland.Basilosauruswasundoubtedlyafullymarinewhalewithpossiblynonfunctional,orvestigial,hindlegs.

Anevenmoreexcitingfindwasreportedin1994,alsofromPakistan.ThenowextinctwhaleAmbulocetusnatans（"thewalkingwhalethatswam"）livedintheTethysSea49millionyearsago.Itlivedaround3millionyearsafterPakicetusbut9millionbeforeBasilosaurus.Thefossilluckilyincludesagoodportionofthehindlegs.Thelegswerestrongandendedinlongfeetverymuchlikethoseofamodernpinniped.Thelegswerecertainlyfunctionalbothonlandandatsea.Thewhaleretainedatailandlackedafluke,themajormeansoflocomotioninmoderncetaceans.Thestructureofthebackboneshows,however,thatAmbulocetusswamlikemodernwhalesbymovingtherearportionofitsbodyupanddown,eventhoughaflukewasmissing.Thelargehindlegswereusedforpropulsioninwater.Onland,whereitprobablybredandgavebirth,Ambulocetusmayhavemovedaroundverymuchlikeamodernsealion.Itwasundoubtedlyawhalethatlinkedlifeonlandwithlifeatsea

1.Fluke:

thetwopartsthatconstitutethelargetriangulartailofawhale

2.Blowhole:

aholeinthetopoftheheadusedforbreathing

【Paragraph1】Itshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans—whales,porpoises,anddolphins—aremammals.Theybreathethroughlungs,notthroughgills,andgivebirthtoliveyoung.Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofafluke1andblowhole2cannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithlanddwellingmammals.However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds（seals,sealions,andwalruses,whoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea）,itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.Extinctbutalreadyfullymarinecetaceansareknownfromthefossilrecord.Howwasthegapbetweenawalkingmammalandaswimmingwhalebridged?

Missinguntilrecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceans.

1.Inparagraph1,whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthepresenceofablowholeincetaceans?

○Itclearlyindicatesthatcetaceansaremammals.

○Itcannotconcealthefactthatcetaceansaremammals.

○Itisthemaindifferencebetweencetaceansandland-dwellingmammals.

○Itcannotyieldcluesabouttheoriginsofcetaceans.

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutearlyseaotters?

○Itisnotdifficulttoimaginewhattheylookedlike.

○Thereweregreatnumbersofthem.

○Theylivedintheseaonly.

○Theydidnotleavemanyfossilremains.

【Paragraph3】Thefossilconsistsofacompleteskullofanarchaeocyte,anextinctgroupofancestorsofmoderncetaceans.Althoughlimitedtoaskull,thePakicetusfossilprovidespreciousdetailsontheoriginsofcetaceans.Theskulliscetacean-likebutitsjawboneslacktheenlargedspacethatisfilledwithfatoroilandusedforreceivingunderwatersoundinmodernwhales.Pakicetusprobablydetectedsoundthroughtheearopeningasinlandmammals.Theskullalsolacksablowhole,anothercetaceanadaptationfordiving.Otherfeatures,however,showexpertsthatPakicetusisatransitionalformbetweenagroupofextinctflesh-eatingmammals,themesonychids,andcetaceans.IthasbeensuggestedthatPakicetusfedonfishinshallowwaterandwasnotyetadaptedforlifeintheopenocean.Itprobablybredandgavebirthonland.

3.Theword“precious”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

○exact

○scarce

○valuable

○initial

4.Pakicetusandmoderncetaceanshavesimilar

○hearingstructures

○adaptationsfordiving

○skullshapes

○breedinglocations

5.Theword“It”inthepassagerefersto

○Pakicetus

○fish

○life

○ocean

【Paragraph4】AnothermajordiscoverywasmadeinEgyptin1989.Severalskeletonsofanotherearlywhale,Basilosaurus,werefoundinsedimentsleftby