届高考英语二轮复习题型精准练阅读理解主旨大意题及参考答案.docx

届高考英语二轮复习题型精准练阅读理解主旨大意题及参考答案.docx

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届高考英语二轮复习题型精准练阅读理解主旨大意题及参考答案

2020届高考英语二轮复习题型精准练4-阅读理解（主旨大意题）

1、   Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

   Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

   Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber（中位数）ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

   Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction（消亡）,withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon（eightremainingspeakers）,ChiapanecoinMexico（150）,LipanApacheintheUnitedStates（twoorthree）orWadjiguinAustralia（one,withaquestion-mark）:

noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

1.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.

C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.

3.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A.About6,800B.About3,400C.About2,400D.About1,200

4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.

B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

2、Wouldyoubuyacarthatreleasedcalmingsmellsintotheairwhenyouarestuckinheavytraffic?

Wouldyoubuyarobotthatsmellslikeahumanbeing?

Manypeoplehaveseenthe3-Dcomputer-madeenvironmentsofvirtual（虚拟的）reality（VR）.Nowthesevirtualworldswillnotjustlookandsoundreal.ResearchershavecreatedVRenvironmentsthatevensmellliketherealthings.Withthenewtechnology，usersopenavirtualdoorandstepintoanewenvironment,likearainforest.Aftertheyenterthisvirtualworld,specialequipmentreleasesforest-likesmellsintotheairtomaketheexperienceseemmorereal.

SuzanneFisher-Murraysaid"Itisareallywonderfulexperiencethatyouhavebecauseyoureexploringthisenvironmentandyouhavesmellswithit."

IntheUnitedStates,Smell-O-Visionwasdesignedtoprovidesmellsduringtheshowingofamovie.TheSmell-O-Visionsystemwasoncepopularinthe1960s.Now,EmanuelaMaggionisaysitisclosetobecomingpopularagain,"Peoplewillbeimpressedbytheconnectionwithemotions，memories，and…thesenseofsmell，"Maggionisaid."Itisunbelievablewhatwecandowithtechnology."

Theusesforsmelltechnologyarenotjustlimitedtofilmsandtheperformingarts.Researchersshowedacomputerprogramwhereuserscouldimaginethemselvesdrivingacar.Thesystemincludedaspecialsmell-sprayingmachine.DmitrijsDmitrenkosaid，"Wewanttodeliverthesmelloflavender（薫衣草）everytimethepersondrivesoverthespeedlimit.Wechooselavenderbecauseit’saverycalmingsmell."

Scientistsareexperimentingwithsmellinsteadofsoundsorimage-basedalertsontelecommunicationsequipment.Andbusinessesarealreadyusingsmelltoinfluencepeople’sbehavior."Notonly…instores…Butontheotherside，youcancreateandstimulate（刺激）immediatebuying,"Maggionisaid"Soyou’reinalibraryandyousmellcoffeeandactuallyyouareunconsciouslyhavingtheneedtodrinkacoffee."

1.Usingsmelltechnology,researchersmakeVRenvironments.

A.haveasmellofarainforest

B.evensmelllikerealones

C.looklikea4-Denvironment

D.impresspeoplewithavirtualworld

2.TheexampleofSnell-O-Visionprovesthat.

A.Americaisthefirsttousesmelltechnology

B.cinemasarethemostsuitableforsmellsense

C.smelltechnologyhasbeentriedbefore

D.itwasoutofdatetousesmell-sprayingdevices

3.Howissmelltechnologyusedbybusinessmen?

A.Tomakebuyersunderstandsalesmenbetter.

B.Toremindpeopleoftheirunrealisticbuying.

C.Tohelpcustomerschoosetheirfavoritegoods.

D.Toencouragepeopletobuysomethingsuddenly.

4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Thedevelopmentsofsmelltechnology.

B.Amajorbreakthroughofsmelltechnology.

C.Thesenseofsmellinhumancommunication.

D.Theadvancedsmell-sprayingmachines.

3、ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.

"It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource（来源）ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion（时尚）shows.

Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics（美学）onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.

"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHil.

ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."

1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?

A.Itpromotedthesalesofartworks.B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.

C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes.D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.

2.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?

A.Theyaresettingthefashion.B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.

C.Theyadmiresupermodels.D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.

3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon"inparagraph4mean?

A.learningfromB.lookingdownon

C.workingwithD.competingagainst

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorld

B.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYork

C.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAesthetics

D.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends

4、Sometimes，youjustcan’thelpit;maybeyou’rewatchingasadmovie,orthinkingaboutthefriendwhomovedaway.Nextthingyouknow,youfeelpressureinyourthroat,youreyesarewatering，andyouhavetearsrunningdownyourcheeks.

AccordingtoAdVingerhoets.aprofessorofpsychologyatTilburgUniversity，intheNetherlands,whoisoneofthefewscientistsintheworldwhohavestudiedcrying,therearethreetypesoftears.Basaltearsarethefirsttype.TheyactasaprotectivebarrierbetweentheeyesandtherestoftheworldNextarereflextears.Theywashyoureyescleanwhensomethinggetsinthem.Finally，thereareemotionaltears.“Thesearereleasedinresponsetoemotionalstates，”explainsVingerhoets.

Scientistsbelievecryinghassomethingtodowithhowhumansdevelopedandlearnedtodependoneachother.“Humansareverycomplexsocialcreatures，”saysLaurenBylsma，aprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburgh,inPennsylvania.“Itseemsthattearsservetoarousehelpandsupportfromothersshesays.

Vingerhoetsagrees.“Ithinkthatthereasonwhyhumansshedtearshassomethingtodowithourchildhood,”hesay,“that’sthetimewhenwearestilldependentonadultsforloveandprotectionandcare.Themajoradvantageofemotionaltearsisthatyoucantargetthemataspecificperson.”Vingerhoetssaysthisabilitycouldhavecomeinhandyinprehistorictimes，whenhumanswerelivingamongdangerousanimals.Tearswereasaferwaytogetattention.“Inthiscase，itisbettertouseasilentsignaltoaskforhelp,”hesays.

VingerhoetsandByhmadofrequentstudiestobetterunderstandwhyhumanscry.AccordingtoByhma.thereisstillmuchmoretodiscover.“It’ssurprising,”shesays，“howmuchwestilldon’tknow.”

1.Inthescientist’sopinion,cryingis.

A.asignofhumanevolution

B.aresultofhumankindness

C.acauseofpersonalgrowth

D.ameans