高中英语定语从句精华版教学案.docx
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高中英语定语从句精华版教学案
定语从句
思维导图
易考易错点总结
定语从句的用法较为复杂,高考除了单独考查定语从句外,还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。
纵观近年各地高考试题,不难发现其考点主要包括:
1.考查如何正确选择关系词
解题思路:
找出从句,确定被修饰词,即先行词→将先行词代入定语从句,判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分:
若作主语、宾语、表语、定语,则选择关系代词;若作状语则选关系副词。
2.考查whose的用法
whose可以指代人或物,在定语从句中作定语,后跟名词。
指物时,whose+名词=名词+ofwhich=ofwhich+名词。
如:
Theclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenisonthesecondfloor.
3.考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句
尤其要重视which,as引导的非限制性定语从句和that,what引导的主语从句的区别。
4.考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。
如:
I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.
5.考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which,不能用that。
关系代词作定语时也可用whose。
如:
Theteacherinfrontofwhosehousestandsatalltreeisverypatientwithhisstudents.
同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别。
如:
(1)Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(定语从句)
(2)Heloveshisparentsdeeplyandbothofthemareverykindtohim.(并列句)
此外,“介词+which+名词”结构也是一个较为特殊的结构。
如:
Hewasveryill,inwhichcase(=andinthiscase)wesenthimtohospitalfirst.
6.考查一些特殊的先行词
(1)当situation,point,position,case,activity,scene,job,race,stage,degree及period,festival,occasion(场合/时机)等出现时,要注意具体情况具体分析。
这类词作主语、宾语或表语时,用关系代词that或which;作状语时,用关系副词where,when或“介词+which”。
(2)theway做先行词,当它在从句中作方式状语时,其后的关系词用inwhich/that/省略;当它作主语/宾语时,其后的关系词用which/that。
7.考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别
(1)Itwasthissmallvillagewherewegottoknoweachother.(定语从句)
(2)Itwasinthissmallvillagethatwegottoknoweachother.(强调句)
(3)Itwas1914whenthewarbrokeout.(时间状语从句)
导入:
.Sheisabeautifulgirl.
Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.
(一)定语从句定义
1.定语从句:
在复合句中,修饰某个____或_____的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,
2.先行词:
被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。
3.用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
关系代词的种类:
关系代词____,______,______,_______,_______,______
关系副词:
_____,where,why
4.定语从句结构:
先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1.Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.
2.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.
3.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.
(二)定语从句分类
限定性定语从句:
从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,对先行词起修饰限定作用,从句与先行词紧密相连缺少它,则句义显得不完整,一般不用逗号隔开。
非限定性定语从句:
对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词关系松散,用逗号隔开。
manwhogavemethisbookisTom.(________)
whoisreadingabook,ismyclassmate(_____________)
(三)关系代词
先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。
2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
先行词指代
关系词
定语从句在从句中做的成分
人
主语(说明是“谁”)
人
宾语(说明是“谁”)
人
定语(说明是“谁的”)
人/物
主语/宾语
物
主语/宾语
时间
时间状语
原因
原因状语
地点
地点状语
人物/事件/句子
主语/宾语/表语
1.who指人,在定语从句中作_____语,口语中可做_____语;that也可指人,但多用who.
.Theman_____issittingunderthetreeisaGerman.
Thestudents______speaksGermanbestcomesfromChina.
Theman________youwanttoseeishere.
2.Whom指_____,在句中做____,可省略,但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who.关系代词前有介词时不能省略。
.Theman(_____)youlookforhasleft.
Iknowthegirl(_______)theteacherisspeakingto.
Iknowthegirlto________theteacherisspeaking.
3.whose,作定语,可指人或物=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhichthe+n
.Everyoneheplpsthechild_____parentsaredead.
Theyarethelazystudents____homeworkwasn’thandedin.
针对练习
1.【2011全国卷I)】Theprizewillgotothewriter________storyshowsthemostimagination.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what
2.【2011四川卷)】Theschoolshop,________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfewtheholidays.
A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where
3.〖10山东〗That’sthenewmachine______partsaretoosmalltobeseen.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.What
4.〖10陕西〗Theoldtemple_______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.
A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose
5.〖10北京〗Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.
A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that
6.〖10重庆〗Inchina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.
A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that
指___或______,多指物,作_____语(不能省略)或_____语(可省略)
.Heisthefinestcomrade_____hashelpedus.
Thisisaplant_______growsinthenorth.
5.which,指_____,在句中做主语(不能省略),或宾语(可省略)。
.Thisisaplant_______growsinthenorth.
常用that不用which的情况
只能that用做关系代词的情况(共9种类型)。
1.当先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,one等不定代词时,只用that。
歌诀助记:
不定代词这路货,全用that准没错。
Payattentiontoeverything_____Ido.
2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,只用that。
歌诀助记:
先行词前被限定,千万不要用which.
Thisisthebestnovel(______)haveread.
3.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词,并同时兼指人和物时,关系代词用that。
歌诀助记:
两项并列人与物,引导定从用that.
Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonandthings______theyrememberedinschool.
4.当先行词被theonly,thelast,thevery,thesame等等修饰时。
Thisisthelasttime______Ishallgiveyoualesson.
5.在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that。
Whichofthestudents______knowssomethingabouthistory.
6.当先行词被All,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时,只用that。
Hehaslittletime______hecanspare.
7.当被修饰的成分是数词时,(被修饰成分是代名词one,指人时除外)只用that.
I’vegotone______youmightbeinterestedin.
(3)用which,不用that的情况
①引导非限制性定语从句。
.Football,______isaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球,它是一项有趣的运动。
CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做,对此我个人表示怀疑。
②直接放在介词后作宾语时。
Languageisthemostimportanttoolwithout______peoplecan'tcommunicatewitheachother.语言是最重要的工具,没有它,人们便无法交流。
针对练习
1.【2011上海卷)】You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation____youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as
2.【2011山东卷)】Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_____arebuiltclosetoeachother.
A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that
3.【2011福建卷)】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who
4.〖10湖南〗I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.
A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which
5.〖10全国Ⅱ〗Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.
A.whoB.thatC.asD.what
(四)关系副词
指时间=in/at/on/during+which;
(1)在定语从句中作状语,先行词主要为一些时间名词(year,day,time,week等),但时间名词在从句中作主语,宾语时,应用that,which,不能用when
.Hestillremembertheday______hejoinedthearmy.做主语
I’llneverforgetthetime______/______weworkedonthefarm.作状语
Istillremembertheday______/______ishisbirthay.做主语
Heregrettedthedays______/______hespentonplay.做宾语
Herememberesthedays______hespentmuchmoneyonstories.
(2)Itisthefirsttimethat…句型中,that是习惯用法,不用when。
.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentotheGreatWall.
指地点=in/at/from+which;
(1)指前面的地点,在从句中作状语。
.Iknowthefactory______/______Iworkedtwentyyearsago.
(2)指地点,在句中作主语,宾语时不能用where,须用that/which.
.Thisisthehouse_____/_____hehaslivedfor20years.
Thisisthehouse______hehaslivedinfor20years.
.Thisistheshool_____/_____westudyeveryyear.
Thisistheshool_____/_____wevisitedyesterday.
注:
有时when,where相当于“介词+which”.
.Helefttheroom_____/_____helivedlastyear.
(3)当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词
注意;抽象地点名词
Stage,occasion,point,case,activity…这类词做先行词如果缺状语where
.Icanthinkofmanycases______driversknowtrafficrulesbutdon’tfollowthem.
Wehavereachedapoint______achangeisneeded.
Theyhavereachedthepoint______theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.
Lifeislikealongrace______wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.
AwhichBthatC/Dwhere
指原因=forwhich
“thereasonwhy….that….”中,不能用because代替that.
.That’sthereason_____/_____hedidn’tcometoschool.
Thereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingisthathewasill.
但reason在从句中做宾语时,关系代词用that/which,课省略
.Idon’tbelievethereason_____/_____hegaveme.
关系副词针对性练习
1.【2011江苏卷)】Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval( 间隔;幕间,休息时间;距离),_______theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
2.【2011安徽卷)】Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_____itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while
3.【2011浙江卷)】Abankistheplace______theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there
4.【2011福建卷)】ItwasApril29,2001PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.
A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.berore
5【2011陕西卷)】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,__________weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.
A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that
6.〖10福建〗StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetlifehasdevelopedgradually.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose
7.〖10江西〗Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcenterwithhersister______shewouldstayforanhour.
AwhereBwhoCwhichDwhat
8.〖10天津〗-----CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?
-----Youshouldtrythebarber’sIgo.It’sonly15.
A.asB.whichC.whereD.that
9.〖09上海〗Mozart’sbirthplaceandthehouse______hecomposed‘TheMagicFlute’arebothmuseumsnow。
A.whereB.whenC.thereD.which
10.〖09四川〗She’llneverforgetherstaythere___shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
11.〖09福建〗It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where
12.〖09浙江〗Ihavereachedapointinmylife______Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.
A.whichB.whereC.howD.why
13.〖09重庆〗Lifeislikealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.
A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where
14.〖09北京〗—Whatdoyouthinkofteacher,Bob?
—Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob___youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
(五).“介词+关系代词”引导的定