环境工程考研英语复试专业问题.docx
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环境工程考研英语复试专业问题
1.EnvironmentalProblems
Theenvironmentisourphysicalsurroundings.Thisincludesbothhuman(man-made),socialandphysical(natural)features.Naturalfeaturesincludesoil,theatmosphere,vegetationandwildlife.Humanfeaturesincludehousing,transportandindustry.Socialfeaturesincludethingssuchasculture,languageandpoliticalsystems.
Geographersareconcernedabouthumanactionintheenvironment.Humaninterferencewiththeenvironmentcausesproblemssuchassoilerosion,globalwarmingandacid.
Youmayaskhowweasindividualscanhaveanimpactontheenvironment.Ouractionscanhelptoincreaseanddecreasetheproblemshighlightedabove.Forexampleturningofflightsthatarenotbeingusedhelpstoreduceglobalwarming.
Questions:
1.Whatistheenvironment
2.Howcanwehelptodecreasetheglobalwarmingproblems
GlobalWarming
Globalwarmingistheworldwidewarmingoftheunderstandglobalwarmingyoufirstneedtoknowaboutthegreenhouseeffect.Thegreenhouseeffectisanaturalphenomenonthatcontrolsthebalanceofheatwithintheearth'satmosphere.Itistheprocesswherebythenaturallayerofgasesinouratmospheretrapasmallpercentageofthesun'sradiationreflectedfromtheearth'ssurface.Withoutthegreenhouseeffect,theaveragesurfacetemperaturewouldbeabout-18degreesCelsius.
Globalwarmingiscausedbytheincreasesintheamountofcarbondioxideandothergasesbeingreleasedintotheatmospherebytheburningoffossilfuels.Thesegasesaddtothenaturalgreenhouseeffect.Causingglobaltemperaturestorise.
Questions:
isglobalwarming
causesglobalwarming
Atmosphericparticulatematter
Inrecentyears,ourcountryappearmuchhazeweather,whichisnowoftenreferredtoisintheatmosphereofdiameterlessthanorequaltomicronparticles,whichisalsoknownasentersthelungparticlediameterislessthanthethicknessofahumanhair1/20.
Atmosphericparticulatematter-alsoknownasparticulatesorparticulatematter(PM)-aretinypiecesofsolidorliquidmatterassociatedwiththeEarth'satmosphere.Theyaresuspendedintheatmosphereas?
atmospheric?
aerosol,atermwhichreferstotheparticulate/airmixture,asopposedtotheparticulatematteralone.However,itiscommontousethetermaerosoltorefertotheparticulatecomponentalone.
Someparticulatesoccurnaturally,originatingfromvolcanoes,duststorms,forestandgrasslandfires,livingvegetation,andseaspray.Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossilfuelsinvehicles,powerplantsandvariousindustrialprocessesalsogeneratesignificantamountsofparticulates.Coalcombustionindevelopingcountriesistheprimarymethodforheatinghomesandsupplyingenergy.
Particulatematteremissionsarehighlyregulatedinmostindustrializedcountries.Duetoenvironmentalconcerns,mostindustriesarerequiredtooperatesomekindofdustcollectionsystemtocontrolparticulateemissions.Thesesystemsincludeinertialcollectors(cyclonecollectors),fabricfiltercollectors(baghouses),wetscrubbers,andelectrostaticprecipitators.
Questions:
1、
isAtmosphericparticulatematter
causesglobalwarming
Theacidityofacidrain
AcidityinrainismeasuredbycollectingsamplesofrainandmeasuringitspH.Tofindthedistributionofrainacidity,weatherconditionsaremonitoredandrainsamplesarecollectedatsitesalloverthecountry.Theareasofgreatestacidity(lowestpHvalues)arelocatedintheNortheasternUnitedStates.Thispatternofhighacidityiscausedbythelargenumberofcities,thedensepopulation,andtheconcentrationofpowerandindustrialplantsintheNortheast.Inaddition,theprevailingwinddirectionbringsstormsandpollutiontotheNortheastfromtheMidwest,anddustfromthesoilandrocksintheNortheasternUnitedStatesislesslikelytoneutralizeacidityintherain.
Questions:
dowemeasuretheacidityofrain
dothedensityofpowerplantsaffectacidicrain
4.TheGreenhouseEffect
Greenhouseeffectistheeffectproducedbytheaccumulationofcarbondioxidecrystalsandwatervaporintheupperatmosphere,whichinsulatestheearthandraisestheatmospherictemperaturebypreventingheatloss.Chlorofluorocarbonsalsohelpcreatethegreenhouseeffect.
AnumberofgasesintheatmospherearetransparenttoincomingsunlightbutabsorbtheheatemittedfromtheEarth'ssurfaceandreradiateitinalldirections,includingbacktowardthesurface.Asaresult,thesurfaceiswarmedmorethanitwouldhavebeenintheabsenceofthesegases,whichserveapurposesimilartothatoftheglasswallsofagreenhouse.
Globalwarmingreferstotheenhancementofthenaturalgreenhouseeffectduetorisingatmosphericconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesresultingfromhumanactivities.
Questions:
1.Whatisthegreenhouseeffect
toreduceatmosphericparticulatepollution
3.WATERPOLLUTION
Comprisingover70%oftheEarth’ssurface,waterisundoubtedlythemostpreciousnaturalresourcethatexistsonourplanet.?
Withouttheseeminglyinvaluablecompoundcomprisedofhydrogenandoxygen,lifeonEarthwouldbenon-existent:
itisessentialforeverythingonourplanettogrowandprosper.?
Althoughweashumansrecognizethisfact,wedisregarditbypollutingourrivers,lakes,andoceans.Subsequently,weareslowlybutsurelyharmingourplanettothepointwhereorganismsaredyingataveryalarmingrate.?
Inadditiontoinnocentorganismsdyingoff,ourdrinkingwaterhasbecomegreatlyaffectedasisourabilitytousewaterforrecreationalpurposes.?
Inordertocombatwaterpollution,wemustunderstandtheproblemsandbecomepartofthesolution.
Questions:
isitimportantforustounderstandthewaterpollutionproblems
importantiswaterforourhumanbeing
Whatisacidrain
Theterm"acidrain"iscommonlyusedtomeanthedepositionofacidiccomponentsinrain,snow,fog,dew,ordryparticles.Themoreaccuratetermis"acidprecipitation."Distilledwater,whichcontainsnocarbondioxide,hasaneutralpHof7.LiquidswithapHlessthan7areacid,andthosewithapHgreaterthan7arealkaline(orbasic)."Clean"orunpollutedrainhasaslightlyacidicpHof,becausecarbondioxideandwaterintheairreacttogethertoformcarbonicacid,aweakacid.AroundWashington,.,however,theaveragerainpHisbetweenand.
Theextraacidityinraincomesfromthereactionofairpollutants,primarilysulfuroxidesandnitrogenoxides,withwaterintheairtoformstrongacids(likesulfuricandnitricacid).Themainsourcesofthesepollutantsarevehiclesandindustrialandpower-generatingplants.InWashington,themainlocalsourcesarecars,trucks,andbuses.
Questions:
WhatisthepHofthecleanrain
WhyisthepHofcleanrainlessthan7
Theacidityofacidrain
(2)
AcidityinrainismeasuredbycollectingsamplesofrainandmeasuringitspH.Tofindthedistributionofrainacidity,weatherconditionsaremonitoredandrainsamplesarecollectedatsitesalloverthecountry.Theareasofgreatestacidity(lowestpHvalues)arelocatedintheNortheasternUnitedStates.Thispatternofhighacidityiscausedbythelargenumberofcities,thedensepopulation,andtheconcentrationofpowerandindustrialplantsintheNortheast.Inaddition,theprevailingwinddirectionbringsstormsandpollutiontotheNortheastfromtheMidwest,anddustfromthesoilandrocksintheNortheasternUnitedStatesislesslikelytoneutralizeacidityintherain.
Questions:
Howdowemeasuretheacidityofrain
Howdothedensityofpowerplantsaffectacidicrain
1.Whichkindofprofessordoyoulikebest
2.What impressed you most when you were at university
3.Do you think the subjects you are studying today are relevant to present-day society Why
4.Does your family support your decision on studying What help do they offer
5.Where have you been traveling to Which place interested you most
6.WhatdoyouthinkabouttherelationshipbetweeneducationandemploymentaftergraduationfromtheUniversity