上海师范大学英语专业课程教学大纲.docx
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上海师范大学英语专业课程教学大纲
上海师范大学英语专业课程教学大纲
《英语语音》
一、课程基本信息
授课对象:
外国语学院英语语言文学专业一年级学生
课程类别:
必修课
周课时数:
2
上课周数:
18
总学时:
36
考试方式:
笔试和口试结合
二、课程的性质、目的和任务
英语语音课程是英语专业开设的一门专业基础课程。
开设的对象是英语专业一年级新生,开设的时间是一学期,是培养学生良好发音的基础学科,为必修考试课。
本课程的教学目的是通过对语音知识的系统学习和听辨、模仿等训练,使学生了解英语语音的基本知识和基本理论,掌握正确、标准的英语发音,学会使用自然得体的语音语调表达思想,以达到有效交际的目的。
正确的语音语调是英语专业学生必须具备的基本功之一,并且语音能力直接影响到听力和口语的提高。
因此语音课的任务就是让学生在正常的语流中学习英语的发音,使学生能操一口流利顺畅、清晰易懂、交际自如的英语,通过语音学习学会交际。
三、课程教学内容的基本要求、重点和难点
本课程采用《英语语调的结构、功能及应用》(卜友红编著)和《英语语音教程》(王桂珍主编),教学内容基本按照课本编排的顺序实施。
内容主要包括:
44个音素的发音,词重音,句重音,强读与弱读。
学生应掌握下列知识和技能:
1.了解音素、音位变体、宽式标音和窄式标音、最小对立对、互补分布等基本概念;
2.掌握英语44个音素的发音;
3.了解英语的音节结构,掌握不同音素组合的发音;
4.正确的把握词与词之间的过渡,使同一意群的词连贯、流畅地连接在一起;
5.掌握每个多音节词的重音模式;熟悉并会使用单词的强读式与弱读式;
6.正确地把握句子重音;掌握正确的话语节奏规律;
7.正确得体地使用语调;最重要的是,通过使用正确的语音语调达到交际的目的。
8.本课程的重点和难点在于如何正确地把握重音、话语节奏规律及语调,也就是说,如何通过使用正确的语音语调达到交际的目的,形成自然流畅的语流,养成良好的口语习惯。
四、教学方式及学时分配
语音课程是一门实践性比较强的课程,因此本课程采用的方法是进,讲授,举例,领读,课堂实践注重听说齐头并进。
练习形式:
每单元的练习都从音的听辨入手,使学生在正确辨音的基础上开口练习。
口语练习以朗读和模仿为主,从简单的单词、句子的朗读到对话、段落的模仿直至较为复杂的、置于自然语言环境中的模仿。
练习内容:
每单元的练习都从该单元的重点语音练习项目开始,帮助学生提高听音、辨音的能力和对不同的音、重音、节奏和语调的觉察力。
为了使学生能将所学得的知识自然、得体地使用出来,本教程每个单元都围绕着某个特定的语言功能展开听与说的练习,目的在于训练学生用正确的语音语调自然得体地进行会话。
教学进度:
本课程共含18单元,每单元2课时,共用36课时完成。
教学内容与教学进度如下(注:
可按教学实际情况适当调整):
Unit1TheDescriptionofspeechsound
教学时数:
2学时
教学要点:
BasicconceptsinPhonetics
教学内容:
1.Outlineofthecourse
2.Phoneticsandphonology
3.Mainfeaturesofphonetics
4.Physiologyofpronunciation
5.Phonetictranscription
6.Phonemeandallophone
7.Phonemiccontrast,minimalpairandcomplementarydistribution
考核要求:
Torememberandunderstandthebasicconcepts.
Unit2VowelsinEnglish
教学时数:
4学时
教学要点:
1.Toknowthethreewaysofdescribingapurevowel.
2.Togetfamiliarizedwiththedescriptionofpurevowelsanddiphthongsaccordingtothevowelchart.
3.ToknowthecharacteristicsofEnglishpurevowelsanddiphthongs.
4.Topronouncethevowelscorrectly.
教学内容:
1.Threewaysofclassifyingorapurevowel
(1)Theheightofthetongue(high,mid,low)
(2)Thelocationofthetongue(front,central,back)
(3)Thepostureofthelips(roundedorunrounded)
2.Descriptionofthetwelvepurevowelsaccordingtothechartinthetextbook:
/i:
//ɪ//e//æ//ɑː//ɒ//ɔ:
//ʊ//u:
//ɜ:
//ə//ʌ/
3.Toconsiderethecharacteristicsofthediphthongsandtodescribethemintermsofamovement(or‘glide’)fromonevowelpositiontoanother.
4.Todesignavarietyofclassroomactivitiesforfocusingondiphthongsintheclassroom.
5.TohavethestudentslistentotheconversationsrecordedbynativespeakersofEnglishandtrytogetthesoundsinfocuscorrectintheirpronunciation.
考核要求:
1.Toknowthethreewaysofdescribingapurevowel.
2.Togetfamiliarizedwiththedescriptionofpurevowelsanddiphthongsaccordingtothevowelchart.
3.ToknowthecharacteristicsofEnglishpurevowelsanddiphthongs.
4.Topronouncethevowelscorrectly.
Unit3ConsonantsinEnglish
教学时数:
4学时
教学要点:
1.Toknowthethreewaysofdividingconsonants.
2.Tobefamiliarizedwiththedescriptionofaconsonant.
3.Toknowthethreestagesofacompleteplosion.
4.Topronouncetheconsonantscorrectly.
5.Toteachstudentssomeskillsinarticulatingtheconsonantclustersandotherdifficultsounds.
6.ToraisethestudentsawarenessthatChinesehasveryfewconsonantclusters.
教学内容:
1.Threewaysofdividingconsonants
(1)theplacesofarticulation
(2)themannersofarticulation
(3)thestateofthevocalcords
2.Threestagesofacompleteplosion/p//b//t//d//k//g/
(1)theclosure/closing
(2)thestop/compression
(3)therelease/explosion
3.Incompleteplosion
4.FricativesandAffricates/f//v//θ//ð//s//z//ʃ//ʒ//h//ʧ//ʤ/
5.Nasals,ApproximantsandLateral/m//n//ŋ//w//r//j//l/
考核要求:
1.Toknowthethreewaysofdividingconsonants.
2.Tobefamiliarizedwiththedescriptionofaconsonant.
3.Toknowthethreestagesofacompleteplosive.
4.Topronouncetheconsonantscorrectly.
5.Toknowthecommonformsofconsonantclusters.
6.Topronouncetheconsonantclusterscorrectlyandavoidsquashinganyvowelsinbetween.
Unit4WordStress&SentenceStress
教学时数:
2学时
教学要点:
1.Thedefinitionofstress
2.Twokindsofstress:
wordstressandsentencestress
教学内容:
1.Wordstress
1)Thedefinitionofstress
2)Wordstress:
primarystress,secondarystressandzerostress
3)Stressvs.unstressintermsofloudness,pitch,vowelquality
2.Sentencestress
1)Thedefinitionofsentencestress
2)Wordsusuallystressedinasentence
3)Wordsusuallyunstressedinasentence
考核要求:
1.Definitionofstress
2.Degreesofwordstress
3.Wordstress;togetwordstresscorrectly
4.Sentencestress:
toknowwhichwordsareusuallystressedinasentence
Unit5Weakening
教学时数:
2学时
教学要点:
1.Thestrongandweakformsofthefunctionalwords
2.Thepronunciationoftheweakforms
教学内容:
1.Theimportanceoflearningweakformsofthewords
2.Thestrongandweakformsofthefunctionalwords
3.Thepracticeoftheweakforms
考核要求:
1.Toknowthestrongandweakformsofthefunctionalwords.
2.Toknowthemostfrequentlyreducedweakforms.
3.Topronouncetheweakformscorrectly.
Unit6Rhythm(I)
教学时数:
4学时
教学要点:
1.Toraisestudents’awarenessoftheimportanceofstressinEnglishthroughclearlypatternedrhythminspeech.
2.ToperceivedifferencesbetweentherhythmicpatternsofEnglishandChineseandacquiremorerhythmicandfluentspeechinoralcommunication.
教学内容:
1.Stress-timedrhythmvs.syllable-timedrhythm
2.MetricfootinEnglishpoetry
3.Rhythmandmusic
4.Workonrhythms
5.Rhythm-group
6.Rhythmicstructure
7.Divisionofrhythmicgroup
8.Workonrhythmicpatterns
考核要求:
1.GetthestudentsknowwhattherhythmisinEnglishspeech.
2.Getthestudentstounderstandtherhythmicstructure.
3.Letthestudentspractisecommonrhythmicpatterns.
4.Helpthestudentstoreadnurseryrhymes,sentences,paragraphsrhythmically.
5.Askstudentstoreadnurseryrhymes,jazzchants,phrases,sentencesandpassagesrhythmically.
6.Letthemworkinpairs.Firstmarktherhythmicstress,andthenreadthepassages.
Unit7Liaison(Linking)
教学时数:
2学时
教学要点:
7.Thedefinitionoflinking
8.ThedifferentspeechflowsbetweenChineseandEnglish
9.Typesoflinking
10.Thepracticeoflinking
教学内容:
1.Definition
2.ThedifferentspeechflowsbetweenChineseandEnglish
3.Typesoflinking:
1)Liaison:
consonant+vowel
2)Hiatus:
vowel+vowel:
[j]-glideand[w]-glide
3)Linking[r]
4)Intrusive[r]
5)Practiceoflinking2学时
a)Givestudentssentencesandaskthemtoeasethetransitionbetweenwords.
b)Givestudentsapassageandaskthemtomarkthewordboundarieswherelinkingislikelytooccur,andthenreadthepassagealoud.
考核要求:
1.Toknowthedifferenttypesoflinking.
2.Toreadphrases,sentencesandpassagesfluently.
Unit8Assimilation&Elision
教学时数:
2学时
教学要点:
1.Thedefinitionofassimilationandelision
2.Kindsofassimilationandelision
3.Thepracticeofassimilationandelision
教学内容:
1.Thedefinitionofassimilationandelision
2.Kindsofassimilation
1)Directionofchange
2)Assimilationofvoicing
3)Assimilationofplaceofarticulation
4)Assimilationofmannerofarticulation
5)Coalescenceofplaceandmannerofarticulation
3.Rulesofelision
考核要求:
1.Thedefinitionofassimilationandelision
2.Thedifferentkindsofassimilationandrulesofelision
3.Theabilitytofindouttheassimilatedwordsinconnectedspeechandreaditnaturallyandfluently
Unit9Intonation
教学时数:
8学时
教学要点:
1.Definitionofintonation
2.FormsofEnglishintonation
3.Typesoftones
4.Functionsofintonation
5.Applicationofintonation
教学内容:
GeneralIntroductiontoIntonation2学时
1.Thedefinitionofintonation
2.Tonelanguagevs.intonationlanguage
3.Intonationgroup
4.Transcriptionconventions
5.Componentsofintonationgroup
Nucleartone2学时
1)KineticTones
2)ToneIFalling(highfallandlowfall)
3)ToneIIRising(highriseandlowrise)
4)ToneIIIFalling-Rising
5)ToneIVRising-Falling
TheFunctionsofIntonationandNucleusplacement2学时
1.Thesemanticfunctionofintonation
2.Theattitudinalfunctionofintonation
3.Thegrammaticalfunctionofintonation
4.Theaccentualfunctionofintonation
5.Nucleusplacement
1)Broadfocus
2)Narrowfocus
3)Informationfocus:
newinformationvs.oldinformation
TheapplicationofEnglishintonation2学时
1.BasicmeaningsofthekinetictonesinEnglish
2.Intonationandsentencetypes
3.Toneunitdivisionandsyntacticboundaries
4.Applicationofintonationtooralcommunication
考核要求:
1.Tounderstandthebasicconceptsofintonation
2.Toknowthedifferenttypesoftones
3.Tomasterthefunctionsofintonation
4.Toapplytheintonationtooralcommunication
Chapter10GeneralRevision
教学时数:
4学时
教学要点:
Generalrevision:
1.Basicconceptsofthetheoreticknowledgeofferedinclass.
2.Writtenpartoftherevision:
1&2
3.Oralpartoftherevision:
Oralpractice
教学内容:
1.Toreviewwhathasbeenpresented,producedanddiscussedinclass.
2.Toreviewthewrittenpartwhichcmprisesanumberoftasksrelevanttoeachlectureforindividualstudyandreflection,orfordiscussionandrevisioninclass.
3.Toaskstudentsworkinpairsandtrytofindtheanswertoeachtask.
4.Toofferananswerkeyafterclass.
5.Toaskstudentstolistentotheoralpartforfocusingonphonemes,stress,rhythm,intonationandconnectedspeech.
考核要求:
1.Tounderstandthebasicconceptsofphonetictheories.
2.Tohaveabetterpronunciationandintonation.
3.Toapplywhathasbeenlearnedtooralcommunicationasnaturalandfluentlyaspossible.
三、课程教材
1.Baker,A.ShiporSheep?
London:
CambridgeUniversityPress[M].1981.
2.卜友红,《英语语调的结构、功能及应用》,