完整版专四英语语法考点.docx

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完整版专四英语语法考点.docx

完整版专四英语语法考点

语法考点之一:

虚拟语调

考点1.If从句中虚拟语调

1、与过去事实相反:

从句sbhaddone,主句sbwould(should,could,might)+havedone;

2、省略if,从句语序用到装,即将were,had或should移至主语前面,但否定词not不前移。

3、与将来事实相反:

从句sbdid(should+do或were+todo),主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do。

4、错综条件句:

主句与从句动作发生在不同步间段。

例如:

从句对过去虚拟,而主句对当前虚拟,即从句sbhaddone,主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do;

考点2:

表达建议、规定、命令等动词如insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,ask,require,request,demand引导从句及it引导相应分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。

考点3:

Itis+advisable,essential,important,imperative,incredible等从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。

考点4:

itis(high/about)timethat构造中,从句使用普通过去式。

例如:

考点5:

muchas"尽管,虽然"引导让步状语从句,从句中用wouldhavedone表达假设。

考点6:

ifonly,wish,asif/asthough引导从句,

与过去事实相反:

had+done;

与当前事实相反:

动词过去式;

与将来事实相反:

could/would+do

考点7:

wouldrather/sooner从句中

使用普通过去式或过去完毕式

分别表达对当前或过去虚拟

考点8:

lest/forfearthat+(should)+原形动词。

语法考点之二:

情态动词

*情态动词:

will(乐意),shall(将),must(必要),can,may,would,should(应当),might,could,oughtto,usedto(过去经常),need(需要),dare(竟敢),haveto(不得不)

考试中,情态动词某些重点测试如下内容:

(1)情态动词+行为动词完毕式(表达推测)

(2)某些情态动词特殊用法 

考点1.情态动词+have+过去分词构造表达推测

(1)musthavedone表达推测过去某事“一定”发生了。

否定形式为:

can’t/couldn’thavev-ed,表达过去不也许发生某事。

(2)couldhavedone表达推测过去某动作“很也许”发生了。

(3)may/mighthavedone表达推测过去某事“也许”发生了.

(4)oughtto/shouldhavedone和oughtnotto/shouldn’thavedone用于对已发生状况表达“责怪”、“不满”,分别表达“本应当…”和“本不应当…”

(5)needn’thavedone表达过去做了某事,但没有做必要,意为“本没必要…”。

*didnotneedtodo动作并没发生。

考点2.特殊用法 

(1)should表达惊讶

1.Iamsurprised__thiscityisadullplacetolivein.

A.thatyoushouldthinkB.bywhatyouarethinking

C.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinking

(2)Can’tbut+V.,表达不得不,与haveto同义。

Can’thelp+Ving忍不住。

(3)cannot…too/enough表达“无论怎么……也不算过度”、“越……越好”

(4)may/mightaswell+动词原形”意为“最佳,满可以,倒不如”,相称于hadbetter

(5)maywell+动词原形”,意为“(完全)能,很也许”

(6)mayaswellas还是…好了

语法考点之三:

非谓语动词

考点1:

不定式

(1)考察哪些动词接不定式;

(2)考察哪些短语接不带to不定式;

Hadbetter/hadbest

Wouldrather/wouldrather…than/ratherthan/wouldsooner/wouldsooner…than

Cannotbut/cannothelpbut/donothingbut/donothingbesides/donothingthan

Why引导疑问句

(3)考察动词不定期时态和语态:

进行式tobedoing,

完毕式tohavedone;

普通式被动语态tobedone;

完毕式被动语态tohavebeendone。

此外,不定式短语有将来时意思;

考点2:

动名词

(1)常接动名词做宾语词:

mind(介意),miss(逃过),mention(提及),prevent,postpone,practice,risk(冒险),resist(抵制),consider(考虑),admit(承认),avoid(避免),appreciate(感激),fancy(幻想),finish(完毕),feellike(喜欢),escape(逃脱),ensure(保证),delay(延迟),deny(否认),resent,detest,imagine(想象),suggest(建议)

(2)介词后ing:

prevent/stop/keepsb/sthfromdoing制止…做…

spend/wastetime/moneyindoing在做…方面花钱、挥霍时间或金钱;

how/whataboutdoingsth做…怎么样了?

Havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing在…方面有些困难;

Thereisnosenseindoing(做…是没有理由)

Thank/admire/praise/blame/scold/punishsbfordoingsth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责怪、惩罚某人

(3)接动名词做介词to宾语:

applyoneselfto致力于;beaccustomedto习惯于;confessto供认;cometo谈到;devoteoneselfto献身于;getdownto着手做;givewayto对…让步;leadto导致;lookforwardto期待;nextto几乎;objectto反对;payattentionto注意;stickto坚持;standupto勇敢面对;turnto求助于;beusedto习惯于

考点3:

分词

(1)从语态上看,

当前分词普通表积极,

过去分词普通表被动;

(2)从时态上看,

当前分词表达进行,

过去分词表达过去。

如果分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前,分词用完毕时。

(3)当前分词否定形式是not放在分词之前。

*非谓语动词解题三步曲:

一、一方面拟定主句;

二、分析积极被动;

三、分析动作先后

1._____shouldnotbecomeaseriousdisadvantageinlifeandwork.

A.TobenottallB.NotbeingtallC.BeingnottallD.Nottobetall

2."Themanpreparingthedocumentsisthefirm'slawyer"hasallthefollowingpossiblemeaningsEXCEPT.

A.themanwhohaspreparedthedocuments...

B.themanwhohasbeenpreparingthedocuments...

C.themanwhoispreparingthedocuments...

D.themanwhowillpreparethedocuments...

3.______atinthisway,thesituationdoesnotseemsodesperate.

A.LookingB.looked

C.BeinglookedD.tolook

4.Ifnot____withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime.

A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreated

5.______,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.1998

A.Obtainingnotaticketforthematch

B.Notobtainingaticketforthematch

C.Nothavingobtainedaticketforthematch

D.Notobtainedaticketforthematch

6.Hewasn’taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,______insufficientlypoplarwithallmembers.1996

A.havingconsideredB.wasconsidered

C.wasbeingconsideredD.beingconsidered

7.Henoticedthehelicopterhoveringoverthefield.Thentohisastonishment,hesawaropeladder______outandthreemenclimbingdownit.1995

A.throwingB.beingthrownC.havingthrownD.havingbeenthrown

8.Thismissileisdesignedsothatonce_____nothingcanbedonetoretrieveit.1995

A.firedB.beingfired

C.theyfiredD.havingfired

考点4:

独立主格

(句中没有连接词,

逗号分开两个句子,

存在两个主语。

形式:

名词/代词+分词)。

(1)分词短语作状语时,有自己独立逻辑上“主语”,相称于各种形式状语,表达一种随着动作、状况或表因素

(2)介词(with)+名词+形容词/副词+分词,表达随着行动做或补充阐明

1.Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth,wheat______byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.

A.isB.beenC.beD.being

2.Time______,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.

A.permitB.permitting

C.permittedD.permits

3.There____nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.

A.tobeB.tohavebeen

C.beingD.be

4._____nocauseforalarm,theoldmanwentbacktohisbedroom.1996

A.TherewasB.Since

C.BeingD.Therebeing

5.Thecountry’schiefexportsarecoal,carsandcottongoods,cars______themostimportantofthese.1994

A.havebeenB.are

C.beingD.arebeing

6.Thetaperecorder___outoforder,thestudentsdidnotknowwhattodo.1990

A.wasB.Being

C.hasbeenD.wasbeing

语法考点之四:

定语从句

关系代词:

which(指sth作主语或宾语),that(指sb或sth作主语或宾语),who(指sb作主语或宾语),whom(指sb作宾语),whose(指sb或sth,作定语),as(指sb,sth作主语或宾语);

做宾语时候,关系代词可以省略。

关系副词:

when(指时间onwhich),where(指地点atwhich),why(指因素forwhich)

考点1.先行词为人时引导词who和that

(1)只能用who不用that:

1)当先行词为one(s),anyone,those时;

2)当先行词为人称代词时。

(2)只能用that不用who:

1)当主句已经浮现who时。

2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

1.Heisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnottheman_______hewastwentyyearsago.

A.whichB.that

C.whoD.whom

考点2.先行词为物时引导词that和which

(1)只能用that不用which:

1)先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代词。

2)先行词既有人又有物。

3)先行词被形容词最高档或序数词修饰。

4)先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,just,all,any,every,no等修饰。

5)关系代词在从句中作表语。

6)在疑问词who、which、what开头句子中。

7)主句是therebe句型。

1.Iwasveryinterestedin_____shetoldme.

A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.That

2.Thereisnooneintheworld______.1991

A.thatevermademistakesB.thathasevermademistakes

C.thatnevermakesmistakesD.thatsometimesmakesmistakes

(2)只能用which不用that:

1)定语从句中介词前置时关系代词只能用which;

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.

2)引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which,其先行词可是一种词,也可是整个主句或主句某一某些。

1.Theyovercameallthedifficultiesandcompletedtheprojecttwomonthsaheadoftime,_____issomethingwehadnotexpected.

A.whichB.itC.thatD.what

2.We’vejustinstalledtwoair-conditionersinourapartment,____shouldmakegreatdifferencesinourlifenextsummer.

A.whichB.whatC.thatD.They

考点3:

介词+关系代词(which/whom)

(1)关系代词前介词拟定办法:

定语从句动词与先行词逻辑关系,或者从句动词、形容词习惯性搭配。

1.Theparty,__Iwastheguestofhonour,wasextremelyenjoyable.

A.bywhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.atwhich

2.I’veneverbeentoLhasa,butthat’sthecity_______.1999

A.I’dmostliketovisit

B.whichIliketovisitmostly

C.whereIliketovisit

D.I’dlikemuchtovisit

3.IhaveneverbeentoLondon,butthatisthecity________.1997

A.whereIliketovisitmost

B.I'dmostliketovisit.

C.whichIliketovisitmostly

D.whereI'dlikemosttovisit

 

(2)Whose从句

1.Abovethetreesarethehills,_______magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface.

A.whereB.ofwhose

C.whoseD.which

考点4:

关系副词运用

⑴先行词为“时间名词”用when

1.Sherememberedseveraloccasionsinthepast____shehadexperiencedasimilarfeeling.1998

A.whichB.before

C.thatD.when

⑵先行词为“表达地点名词”用where

1.Haveyoueverbeeninasituation_____youknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim?

A.bywhichB.that

C.inwhereD.Where

⑶先行词为“表达因素名词”why:

reason+why…(表达因素名词只有一种)

考点5:

as与which引导定语从句

as放在句首句中都可以,which必须放在句中,但下列状况多用as:

1)关系代词引导定语从句居句首时。

Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

2)当与suchas或thesame连用时,普通用as。

3)as引导定语从句应与主句在乎义上和谐一致,which无此限制:

Hewentabroad,as[which]wasexpected.她出国了,正如人们预料到。

Hewentabroad,whichwasunexpected.她出国了,这让人们感到很意外。

(不用as)

1.Onlytaketheseclothes______reallynecessary.1994

A.aswereB.astheyare

C.astheywereD.asare

2._____isoftenthecasewithanewidea,muchpreliminaryactivityandoptimisticdiscussionproducednoconcreteproposals.1994

A.ThatB.ItC.ThisD.As

注意:

定语从句中主谓一致问题:

从句中动词在人称和数方面应当与它先行词保持一致。

HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowEnglishwell.

HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsEnglishwell.(特殊)

语法考点之五:

状语从句

考点1:

时间状语从句

连接词:

when,while,as,till/until,before,after,since,once,assoonas,everytime,themoment,theminute,nosooner..thanhardly…when等

(1)whenever

1.Comeandseemewhenever_____.(1997)

A.youareconvenientB.youwillbeconvenientC.itisconvenienttoyouD.itwillbeconvenienttoyou

(2)Nosoonerthan/hardly..when/scarcely..when一.就..用于句首规定倒装

1.Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation_____thecoachleft.

A.whenB.asC.untilD.Than

考点2:

条件状语从句

连接词:

if,unlessso/aslongas,onconditionthat(条件是),as(so)faras(据..所知),providedthat(要是,如果),incase(假使,如果),onlyif(只有)等

onlyif只有

1.____bothsidesaccepttheagreement____alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.

A.Onlyif,willB.Ifonly,wouldC.Should,willD.Unless,would

unless除非

1.Youwon’tgetaloan______youcanoffersomesecurity.1996

A.l

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