国际法教程(英文)南洋理工大学RSIS国际关系学院(6共10).ppt

国际法教程(英文)南洋理工大学RSIS国际关系学院(6共10).ppt

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Jurisdiction&SovereigntynJurisdiction-powerorauthorityoverapersonorthing.nSovereignty-UltimatejurisdictionoverallpersonsorthingswithinandwithoutastatesterritoryJurisdiction-GeneralPrinciplesnShaw:

powerofthestatetoaffectpeople,propertyandcircumstancesnKeyfeatureofthedoctrineofsovereigntyJurisdictionGeneralPrinciplesnRoleofinternationallawistolimitexerciseofgovernmentpowerLotusCase（1927）nStatemayhaveextra-territorialjurisdictionprovideditisnotprohibitedbyruleofinternationallaw（Prescription）nGenerally,statemaynotexercisejurisdictionintheterritoryofanotherstate（Enforcement）DomesticJurisdictionnLegislativejurisdictionnExecutivejurisdictionnJudicialjurisdictionStateshaveabsolute&exclusivejurisdictionofenforcementwithintheirownterritoriesCivil&CriminalJurisdictionnCivilJurisdiction-SupremeCourtofJudicatureAct&SubordinateCourtsActnCriminalJurisdiction（HarvardDraft1935）nTerritorialPrinciplenNationalityPrinciplenPassivePersonalityPrinciplenProtectivePrinciplenUniversalityPrincipleTerritorialityPrinciplenStatesrighttoprosecuteforallcrimescommittedwithinitsterritoryLotusCase,1927nObjectiveTerritoriality-JurisdictionoveroffencescompletedinitsterritoryevenifforeignelementinvolvednSubjectiveTerritoriality-Jurisdictionoveralloffencesandmatterscommencinginitsterritoryevenifsomeelementtakesplaceinanotherstate.nExtra-TerritorialJurisdiction-Jurisdictionoveractstakingplaceabroad.NationalityPrinciplenNationalityconfersrightsandbenefitsonindividualsnPrinciplegivesstatesrighttoexercisejurisdictionoveritsnationalsnDiplomaticprotectionnRulesonacquisitionanddeprivationofnationalitybasedondomesticlawPassivePersonalityPrinciplenJurisdictiontotryindividualforoffencescommittedabroadbuthavingeffectonnationalsofthestatenCuttingcase,1886-AKCutting,USpublisherofElPasoSundayHeraldarrestedandimprisonedMexicoforlibel-nojurisdictionagainstAmericannUSvYunis（1988）-LebanesecitizenarrestedininternationalwatersforallegedhijackingofJordanianairliner-onlyconnectionwaspresenceofUScitizensinplanenControversialaspectofjurisdictionProtectivePrinciplenJurisdictionoveralienswhohavecommittedanactabroadwhichisdeemedprejudicialtothesecurityofthestateconcerned.nJustification-statesvitalinterestsnDPPvJoyce（1946）-LordHawHawcase-WilliamJoyce,Britishnational,treasoncommittedinGermanynControversialaspectofjurisdictionbutclaimedbymanystatesinpracticenEnlargedtoEffectsDoctrineUniversalityPrincipleEverystatehasjurisdictiontotryparticularoffences:

nPiracy-Piracyjuregentium（bythelawofnations）-Art101UNCLOS1982-illegalactsofviolence,detentionordepredationcommittedforprivateendsbycreworpassengersofaprivateshiporprivateaircraftanddirectedagainstanothershiporaircraft-RePiracyJureGentium1934nWarCrimes&CrimesAgainstHumanity-AGofIsraelvEichmann1961-whetherIsraelicourthadjurisdictiontotryEichmannnCaseConcerningArrestWarrantof11September2000-BelgianwarrantforarrestofAbdoulyeNdombasi-ForeignMinisterofCongo-whetherBelgiumhaduniversaljurisdictionJurisdictionOverIllegallyApprehendedIndividualsnAGofIsraelvEichmann（1961）-IsraelapologisedbutstillexercisedjurisdictionnRvHorseferryMagistratesCourt,exparteBennett（1993）-NewZealandnationalarrestedinSouthAfricaandforciblybroughttoUKside-steppingextraditionlaw-UKcourtsdeclinedtoexercisejurisdictionnStatevEbrahim1991-EscapedANCmemberabductedbySouthAfricanagentsfromSwaziland-SouthAfricancourtsdeclinedtoexercisejurisdictionnLegalRoute-Extradition-Practicebasedoncomityandreciprocityamongstates-enablesonestatetohadnoversuspectstoanotherstate.Extra-TerritorialJurisdictionnPracticedbymanystatesbyenactinglegislationhavingextra-territorialreach.nLawsextendtostatesubjectsoverseas-UnitedStatesleadingexponentofthispractice-Helms-BurtonAct&DAmatoActnHelms-Burton:

CubanLibertyandDemocraticSolidarityActof1996-Cubanembargo-widelycondemnednDAmatoAct-Iran&LibyaSanctionsAct1996nSingapore-numerouspiecesoflegislationSovereigntyOverTerritorynTerritorialSovereigntynNewStatesnAcquisitionofAdditionalTerritorynBoundaryTreatiesnAccretionnCessionnConquest&UseofForcenExerciseofEffectiveControlnUtiPossidetisnSovereignActivities（Effectivits）TerritorialSovereigntynEssenceofterritorialsovereigntycontainedinnotionoftitle-legalandfactualconditionsunderwhichterritoryisdeemedtobelongtoaparticularauthority.nDisputesoverTerritory:

nStatusofcountry-egArabclaimsagainstIsrael;MoroccoagainstMauritanianBorderdisputenTerraNulliusnResCommunis-eghighseas,AntarcticaNewStatesnUsuallycomeintobeingbytwomeans:

nConstitutionaldevolution-egsecessionordecolonizationnUseo