APA格式reference写法.docx
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APA格式reference写法
APAreference写法
I.Reference的三种类型:
从书上引用,从杂志里的文章中引用,从网站引用
1.从书上引用的ref,格式:
作者名字.年代.书名(斜体).出版社地址:
出版社名
Example:
Davidson,M.andCooper,C.(1992).ShatteringTheGlassCeiling:
TheWomanManger.London:
PaulChapman.
2.从杂志里的文章中引用的ref,格式:
作者名字.年代.文章名.杂志名(斜体):
第几期,页数
Example:
Pringle,J.(2004).WomenSeniorManagers:
SuccessfulIndividualsOrMarkersOfCollectiveChange.Women’sStudiesJournal,18,
(2),79-96
3.从网站引用的ref,格式
作者名字.年代.书名(斜体).Retrievedon年月日.from:
网站
Example:
Adler,M.(2005).Women'sEmploymentConcentratedInServiceIndustries.Retrievedon20thSeptember,2005from:
http:
//www.stats.govt.nz.(注意:
网站另起一行)
•Anonlinesource:
DepartmentofHealth(2006)Equalityandhumanrights.Availableat:
http:
//www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/EqualityAndHumanRights/fs/en(Accessed:
15May2006).
•Atelevisionprogramme
•Juliethroughthelookingglass.(1992).BBC2,4July
• Avideo
•12AngryMen.(1957)DirectedbySidneyLumet[Videocassette].Hollywood:
MGMEntertainment
•CDROMS
•InstituteofCancerResearch(2000)Abreathoffreshair:
aninteractiveguidetomanagingbreathlessnessinpatientswithlungcancer.[CDRom].Sutton:
•InstituteofCancerResearch
•Governmentpublications
•WhitePaperscontainstatementsofGovernmentpolicy
•GreenPapersputforwardproposalsforconsiderationandpublicdiscussion.
•Theyarecitedinthesameway.
II.reference的注意事项:
1.如果reference有两行或两行以上,从第二行起,向内缩进五到七个字符
Example:
Rosener,J.(1995).America’scompetitivesecret:
Utilizingwomenasamanagementstrategy.USA:
OxfordUniversityPress.
2.reference与reference中间要隔一行
3.文章名和杂志名:
每个单词的首字母大写,虚词除外
4.文章后面列出的所有reference必须与加进文章中的reference一一对应
5.reference做完以后,以作者的首字为准,按字母顺序进行排列
6.一般情况下,1000字,四个reference.
这里需要强调一点:
国外治学严谨,reference一定要做好!
!
我们的作业严禁直接抄书或从网上直接复制粘贴(这在国外被界定为抄袭)
国外的学校有强大的数据库,抄袭的地方,数据库一搜就发现了。
一旦发现抄袭,客户轻则挂科,重则拿不到学位,诚信记录还要被写上一笔。
同时写手不但拿不到稿费,而且还要双倍赔款,终止合作。
所以在成为我们的写手之前我要把抄袭的问题先说清楚这也是我们这一行的行规。
你可以翻译中文也可以用自己的话把句子转述一遍
但是直接引用和一个句子只改2、3个单词是一样会被判抄袭的!
Todevelopacommunityprofile(社区分布)foroneAustralianLocalGovernmentArea(LGA)ofyourchoice,(excludingtheCityofBoroondara)usingdatafromthe2001and2006CensusavailablefromtheABSwebsite.ThefocusofthedemographicprofilewillbetodescribeuptothreeculturalcharacteristicsofthepopulationwithinyourchosenLGA,andlookatchangesthathaveoccurredfrom2001to2006.
Examplesofculturalcharacteristicsareancestry,birthplace,languagespoken,yearofarrivalinAustralia,religiousaffiliation,Englishproficiency,andindigenousstatus.
Youareexpectedtosynthesise(综合)theinformationavailable,notjustreplicate(折叠,复制)thetablesthatyoucandownload.Forexample,youmaychoosetogroupaCensustabledetailingindividualbirthplacesintocategories,andthenshowtheproportionaldistribution-notjustthenumberbybirthplace;orfromYearofArrivalinAustraliayoumayderivethenumberofyearslivinginAustralia.Inotherwords,youarerequiredtoanalyseandsummarisetheinformationyoufindintoyourownsummarytablesandcharts.Inyourdemographicprofileyoushouldincludesummarytables,chartsandcommentarytosupportthegraphsandtables.Youshouldmakeuseofdatafromboththe2001Censusandthe2006Census(e.g.usingacombinationQuickStats,MapStatsandCensusTables.
制定一个社会形象之一澳大利亚地方政府区(儿)您的选择,(不包括城市Boroondara)使用数据从2001年和2006年人口普查可从澳大利亚统计局的网站上。
重点人口的个人资料将被描述三个文化特色的人口与您所选择的客房,并期待在发生的变化2001年至2006年。
实例文化特色的血统,出生地,语言,一年的到来在澳大利亚,宗教信仰,英语水平,和土著人的地位。
您预计合成提供的资料,而不只是复制的表格,您可以下载。
例如,您可以选择A组的普查表,详细个人出生地分为几类,然后显示比例分配-不仅是数量的诞生地;或年在澳大利亚到达您可能会获得数年生活在澳大利亚。
换句话说,您需要进行分析和总结的资料您发现到您自己的总结和图表。
在您的人口状况你应该包括汇总表,图表和评论,以支持图表。
您应该使用的数据从2001年人口普查和2006年人口普查(例如使用相结合QuickStats,MapStats和普查表。
Inyourreport
Yourreportshouldbestructuredtoincludethefollowing:
•AbriefdescriptionoftheLGA.
•Anoverviewoftheinformationyouarepresentinginyourcommunityprofile.
•Yourfindings.
•Summaryandconclusions.
Agbetoye,O.andA.Oyedele,(2005).DevelopmentandTestingofaDualGrainSifter.ProceedingoftheNigerianInstitutionofAgriculturalEngineers,NIAE/2005/192,192-193.
Aulich,C.(1999),Fromconvergencetodivergence:
reformingAustralianlocalgovernment,AustralianJournalofPublicAdministration,58
(2):
12-23.
Bangura,Y.(2006).Introduction:
EthnicInequalitiesandPublicSectorGovernanceinY.Banguraed.EthnicInequalitiesandPublicSectorGovernance,Basingstoke,HA:
PalgraveMacmillan,1-28.
CensusData(2006).AustralianBureauofStatistics.From
http:
//www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ProductSelect?
textversion=false&areacode=1&subaction=1&action=201&period=2006&collection=Census&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=L&.
CensusData(2001).AustralianBureauofStatistics.From
http:
//www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ProductSelect?
textversion=false&areacode=1&subaction=1&action=201&period=2001&collection=Census&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=L&.
Fanthorpe,R.(2006).Onthelimitsoflimitpeace:
Chiefsanddemocraticdecentralizationinpost-warSierraLeone,AfricanAffairs,105(418):
27-50.
Mustapha,A.R.(2000).TransformationofMinorityIdentityiesinPost-ColonialNigeriainA.Jegaed.IdentityTransformationandIdentityPoliticsUnderStructuralAdjustmentinNigeria,Uppsala:
NordicAfricaInstituteandCentreforResearchandDocumentation,94-119.
Mustapha,A.R.andE.L.Jones(2003).Change,ChieftaincyandConflictinThreeWestAfricanCommunities.O.Vaughaned.TraditionandPolitics:
IndigenousPoliticalStructuresandGovernanceinAfrica,Trenton,NJ:
AfricaWorldPress.
Obasanjo,O.(2003).AddresspresentedtotheInaugurationofTheTechnicalCommitteeontheReviewoftheStructureofLocalGovernmentCouncilsinAbuja,June25,2003,accessedat
http:
//www.nigeriafirst.org/speeches.html.
Patterson,A.andPinch,P.(2000),Publicsectorrestructuringandregionaldevelopment:
theimpactofcompulsorycompetitivetenderingintheUK,RegionalStudies,34(3):
265-267.
Premdas,R.R.(2006).EthnicConflict,InequalityandPublicSectorGovernanceinTrinidadandTobago.Y.Banguraed.EthnicInequalitiesandPublicSectorGovernance,Basingstoke,HA:
PalgraveMacmillan,98-119.
R.M.Davies,M.O.Olatunji,W.Burubai.(2008).MechanizationofCassavaProcessinginIwoLocalGovernmentAreaofOsunState,Nigeria.WorldJournalofAgriculturalSciences,4(3):
341-345.
Sklar,R.L.(2004)“FoundationsofFederalGovernmentinNigeria”inA.Agbaje,L.
DiamondandE.Onwudiwe(eds.)Nigeria’sStruggleforDemocracyandGoodGovernance:
AFestscriftforOyeleyeOyediran,Ibadan:
IbadanUniversityPress,3-17.
Sklar,R.L.,E.OnwudiweandK.Darren.(2006).Nigeria:
CompletingObasanjo’sLegacy,JournalofDemocracy,17(3):
100-115.
UkohaUkiwo.(2006).CreationofLocalGovernmentAreasandEthnicConflictsinNigeria:
ThecaseofWarri,DeltaState.CRISEWestAfricaWorkshop,3.
Vickers,M.(2000).EthnicityandSub-NationalisminNigeria:
MovementforaMid-WestState,Oxford:
WorldviewPublishing.