高考复习顶层设计英语复习习题选修七题组提分练35.docx

高考复习顶层设计英语复习习题选修七题组提分练35.docx

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高考复习顶层设计英语复习习题选修七题组提分练35

题组提分练三十五　选修7　Unit5

限时35分钟　见学生用书P377

加黑体小题考查写作手法和文章结构题

阅读理解A　（2018·四省三校联考）　体裁：

议论文　话题：

人际关系　难度：

★★★☆☆

Everybodylikestolaughsometimes,whetheratafunnyjoke,anamusingincidentorafunnyphotographorsound.Comedianswhocopywell-knownpeoplealwaystickle（胳肢）myfunnybone!

Thegreatthingisthatoncewe'vehadagoodlaugh,wefeelhappier.Itwouldseemthatbringingabitofhumourintomoreserioussituationsmightbegoodforus.

MaybeweshouldgetinspirationfromSteveCarlisle,presidentofGeneralMotorsofCanada.Whenhewalksaroundthefirm'sOntarioheadquarters（总部）,heshareshissenseofhumourtobondwithhisstaff.Hesays“Itcanhelppeoplefeelmorerelaxed,morecomfortableandthusbemoreeffectiveatwhattheydo.”Humourcanbeusedbyteachersintheclassroomtoo.It'sagoodwaytobreaktheicewithstudentsandcreateamorerelaxingatmospherewhichisgoodforlearning,aslongaseveryonedoesn'tspendalltheirtimeinwildlaughter!

Butwehavetobecareful;noteveryonelaughsatthesamethings.Whilesomeofusmayadmireaworkcolleagueforhiswelltoldjoke,othersmayconsiderhimrudeorjustanidiot!

AccordingtoProfessorSchweitzer,fromtheUniversityofPhiladelphia'sWhartonSchool,aworkerwhosuccessfullyuseshumourisseenasbothconfidentandcompetent,whichinturnincreaseshisstatus.

Sotellingtherightjokesintheofficeorclassroomcanspreadsomehappiness.AstudypublishedinTheJournalofBehaviouralandAppliedManagement,foundemotionalexhaustionwassignificantlyloweramonghealthcareworkerswhoexperiencedgreaterlevelsoffunatwork.Andanotherresearchhasdiscoveredthatteamswhosharemorejokesgivemoresupportivestatementstoeachother—andthat'snojoke！

（最后一段说明幽默的益处，happiness,significantly,greater,supportive都是褒义词汇，暗示作者的态度也是积极的、肯定的）

【语篇解读】　文章介绍了幽默的作用。

1．HowdoestheauthorprovetheeffectofhumourinParagraph2?

A.Bygivingexamples.

B.Bymakingcomparison.

C.Bypresentingtheprocess.

D.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.

答案与解析　A　写作手法题。

作者举了SteveCarlisle的例子，他利用幽默提高了员工的工作效率，故作者利用举例的方式证明幽默的效果。

2．HowcanaworkerincreasehispositionaccordingtoProfessorSchweitzer?

A.Bytakinghisjobseriously.

B.Byworkingharderthanothers.

C.Bygettingalongwellwithhisboss.

D.Bytellingtherightjokessuccessfully.

答案与解析　D　推理判断题。

根据第三段最后一句可知善于利用幽默的员工会被认为是能干而自信的人，这反而会提高其地位，故D项正确。

3．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardshumour?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.

C.Casual.D.Critical.

答案与解析　B　观点态度题。

作者通过举例说明幽默的好处，且在第一段说明幽默对我们有益处，最后一段又说明在办公室和教室利用幽默可以带来欢乐，故作者对幽默是肯定的态度，故选项B正确。

4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HumourisRude

B.SeriousnessandHumour

C.HumourMakesaDifference

D.HowtoBeHumorous

答案与解析　C　标题归纳题。

第一段说明在严肃的场合利用幽默对我们有好处，最后一段说明在办公室和教室利用幽默可以带来欢乐，故文章主要介绍幽默的作用。

故C项“幽默作用大”作为标题合适。

词汇微存　①supportiveadj.支持的；②breaktheice打破沉默；打破僵局

阅读理解B　（2018·湖南五市十校联考）　体裁：

说明文　话题：

自然　难度：

★★★☆☆

ScientistsinBritainhavemanagedtoteachbumblebees（大黄蜂）topullstringstogettofoodandthenpassonwhattheyhavelearnedtoothersintheircolony（群体）—showingahighlevelofintelligencedespitetheirtinybrains.（提出研究发现结果：

学会技能然后传授技能）

ResearchersatQueenMaryUniversityofLondonsaidtheexperiments,oftenusedtotesttheintelligenceofapes（猿）andbirds,showedforthefirsttimethatsomeinsectsareuptothetask,andcanalsopassskillsonthroughseveralgenerations.（昆虫也能代代相传所学技能）

Thefindingsaddtotheevidencesuggestingtheabilityfor“culturespread”—theabilitytolearnandpassonknowledgeandskills—maynotbeuniquetohumans.

Intheresearch,publishedinthejournalPLOSBiologyonTuesday,thescientistswereabletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirlegsandfeet.

Thestringswereattachedtodiscs—orartificial“flowers”—containingfoodattheircenterbutplacedunderatransparentscreen.Thebees,spottingthefoodbeneaththescreen,learnedtopullthe“flowers”outbypullingthestringwiththeirlegsandfeettobeabletogettoit.（说明实验中所教授的技能）

Fromanothergroupofbeesgiventhechancetosolvethetaskwithoutanytraining,onlytwoof110weresuccessful.（未经培训的蜜蜂完成任务的情况）

Anothergroupofbeeswasthenallowedtoobservethetrainedbeespullingthestrings,and60percentofthemsuccessfullylearnedtheskill.Finally,trainedbeeswereputincolonies,andthescientistsfoundthetechniquespreadsuccessfullytoamajorityofthecolony'sworkerbees.（观察学习技能→成功所学技能→传授所学技能）

LarsChittka,aQueenMaryUniversityprofessorwhoguidedtheproject,saidtheteamisinterestedinfiguringoutthebrainprocessesbehindthebees'learningandteachingskills.（预测下文论述重点：

蜜蜂大脑）

【语篇解读】　研究发现蜜蜂是一种智商很高的生物，它们具有很高的学习和教授能力。

5．Whatdidtheresearchersfindaboutbees?

A.Beesareascleverasbirds.

B.Beeslearnbestininsects.

C.Beesareborngoodlearners.

D.Beescanbetrainedtolearnskills.

答案与解析　D　推理判断题。

根据第四段至第六段对于培训蜜蜂获取食物的实验介绍可推断出，蜜蜂可以通过培训学到新的技能，故选项D正确。

6．Whatmaytheresearchteamfocusonnext?

A.Whatelsebeescando.

B.Howbees'brainswork.

C.Howbeesteachothers.

D.Wherebeeslearnskills.

答案与解析　B　推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段最后一句“研究组对弄清蜜蜂学习和教授技能的大脑过程感兴趣”可知，研究组下一步将致力于研究蜜蜂大脑的运行情况，故选项B正确。

7．Howdoestheauthordevelopthetext?

A.Bydrawingaconclusionthrougharesearch.

B.Byprovidingtypicalexamples.

C.Bycomparingopinionsfromdifferentfields.

D.Bypresentingacauseandanalyzingitseffects.

答案与解析　A　写作手法题。

文章第四段至第六段陈述研究过程，第七段说明研究结论，故写作手法是通过研究得出结论，故选项A正确。

阅读技巧17　借用线索判手法——写作手法题

写作手法题（如阅读第1、7小题）要求判断文章的组织方式，如时间顺序、空间顺序、举例论证或比较等。

设问方式通常是：

Thepassageismainlydevelopedby______.Howisthepassage/paragraphorganized？

解题时需注意以下

线索：

①看到while、ontheotherhand、compare、comparison等表比较或对比的词考虑是：

bycomparison/byshowingdifferences；②看到including、like（像）、forexample、forinstance、suchas等词考虑是：

bygivingexamples；③看到说明文中有first、second、finally或表方向位置的词等要想到的是：

bydescribingaprocess/byspaceorder；④看到记叙文中有时间先后等线索词要想到是：

bytimeorder；⑤议论文中先说明现象，后分析原因，要想到是：

byanalyzingcauses；⑥原文中有不少数据，要考虑到是：

bygivingfigures/statistics。

阅读理解C　（2018·北京朝阳区质检）　体裁：

议论文　话题：

家庭、朋友与周围的人　难度：

★★★★☆

PeerPressure

Peoplewhoareatyourage,likeyourclassmates,arecalledpeers.Whentheyinfluenceyouonyourdecisionoraction,it'scalledpeerpressure.Allofus,atsomepointinourlives,havehadtodealwithpeerpressure.Theneedtofollowthecrowdanddowhatmajorityofusaredoingforcesustotakeupactivitieswhichwewouldn'totherwise.（说明同辈压力现象）

Recentstudieshaveshownthatpeerpressuremightcausean_upsidetoyou.Itcanmakeyoureflectonyouractionsandmakechangestoyourwaystobecomeabetterone.Observingothersworkinghardtoreachtheirgoalswilldefinitelyencourageyoutomakeagreatefforttoachievesomethingpositive.Whenateenknowsthathisteammatesarepractisinghardtobecomebetterplayersthenitwilldirectlyaffecthisownperformance.Hewillputintwicethetimeandenergytoraisethelevelofhisgameandensurehehasaplaceontheteam.（同辈压力的积极影响）

（better、positive、healthy等褒义形容词说明同辈压力有好处。

）

Havingagroupthatbringspositivepeerpressurecanalsohelpyoupickuphealthyhabitsthatcanshapebothyourpersonalityandyourfuture.Themotivationtodowellbecauseofpressurefromyourpeerscanactuallybecomeinspiration.Forexample,whenachildknowsthatsomeofhisfriendsregularlyreadstorybooks,hemaygetintothehabitofreading.Seeingthathisfriendsexercisedaily,evenhemaytakeupthehabitandadoptitinlife.

Justassomeinfluencescanbepositive,somecanbenegativetoo.

Peerpressuresometimescanmakeadipinyourselfconfidence.Somekidsgiveintopeerpressurebecausetheywanttobeliked,orbecausetheyworrythatothersmightmakefunofthemiftheydon'tgoalongwiththegroup.Othersgoalongbecausetheyarecurioustotrysomethingnew.Theideathat“everyone'sdoingit”caninfluencethemtoleavetheirbetterjudgmentbehind.（说明同辈压力的消极影响）

Besides,peerpressurecandistanceyoufromyourfamilyand

friends.Itiscommonforteenagerstothinkthatnobodyunderstandsthemandthatthewholeworldisagainstthem.Theinfluenceofpeerpressureissuchthatitdrawsthemcompletelyawayfromtheirfamilyandfriendswhomeanwell.Theyjustshutthemselvesoffandfallintobadcompany.（补充说明同辈压力的消极影响）

It'slikelythatyou'veexperiencedtheeffectofpeerpressureindifferentareas,rangingfromtheclothesyouweartothemusicyoulistento.Sometimesitcanbehardtoresistandyoumayfeelforcedtodosomethingyou'reuncomfortablewith.Sobeingawareofandcarefullychoosingtheinfluenceofpeersthatwillleadtohealthyandhappyexperiencesisalifelongprocess.（总结上文提出建议）

【语篇解读】　文章介绍同辈压力的好处、坏处，建议读者利用同辈压力的积极作用来帮助自己。

8．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2probablymean?

A.Aquickreaction.B.Apositiveeffect.

C.Aseriouschallenge.D.Apotentialconflict.

答案与解析　B　词义猜测题。

画线词所在句后一句说明同辈压力会让你反思自己的行为，并做出改变以便变得更好，故第二段第一句应说明同辈压力会给你带来好处，故画线词义为apositiveeffect,故B项正确。

9．Accordingtotheauthor,peerpressurecangetteenagersto________.

A.becomelessselfconfident

B.provideamodelforteammates

C.identifycharacteristicsofdifferenthabits

D.improverelationshipwithfamilymembers

答案与解析　A　细节理解题。

根据第四段第二句“Peerpressuresometimescanmakeadipinyourselfconfidence.”可知，同辈压力会使你不太自信，故选项A正确。

10．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpeerpressure?

A.Itmakesnodifferencetoteens'judgment.

B.Itinfluencesteenstofitintovariouslifestyles.

C.Ithelpsteenstorelievetheuncomfortablefeeling.

D.Itseemslikeacommonphenomenonamongteens.

答案与解析　D　推理判断题。

最后一段第一句说明同辈压力来自方方面面，故这个现象是常见的，故选项D正确。

11．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

答案与解析　D　文章结构题。

文章第一段提出并解释同辈压力现象，第二段和第三段说明其好处，第四段和第五段说明其害处，最后一段总结同辈压力是个常见的现象