高三英语二轮复习阅读题专题主旨大意题学案设计.docx
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高三英语二轮复习阅读题专题主旨大意题学案设计
1.如何解主旨题:
main,mainly,focus,stress,authortells,bemeantto
①主旨题的标志:
②串线法:
抓首段和其余各段的第一句话,把其意思连接成一个整体。
要注意总结性的提示词和转折词,特别要注意中心句。
(主要针对自然段少的文章;针对自然段多的文章,主旨题最好联系中心句。
找一个和中心句最贴近的)
③小心首段陷阱。
④主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是:
⑴局部信息,即选项的内容小于文章的内容;
⑵范围过宽,即选项的内容大于文章的内容。
⑤逆向思维法、快速作文法:
在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时,试着从选项出发,想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容,然后把它与文章的内容比较,接近的即为正确选项。
Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whenthetheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem....
Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):
noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.
1.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages
C.HumandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguagesD.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.
Manypeoplethinkthatlisteningisapassivebusiness.Itisjusttheopposite.Listeningwellisanactiveexerciseofourattentionandhardwork.Itisbecausetheydonotrealizethis,orbecausetheyarenotwillingtodothework,thatmostpeopledonotlistenwell.
Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.Anessentialpartoflisteningwellistheruleknownas‘bracketing'.Bracketingincludesthetemporarygivinguporsettingasideofyourownprejudicesanddesires,toexperienceasfaraspossiblesomeoneelse'sworldfromtheinside,steppingintohisorhershoes.Moreover,sincelisteningwellinvolvesbracketing,italsoinvolvesatemporaryacceptanceoftheotherperson.Sensingthisacceptance,thespeakerwillseemquitewillingtoopenuptheinnerpartofhisorhermindtothelistener.Truecommunicationisunderwayandtheenergyrequiredforlisteningwellissogreatthatitcanbeaccomplishedonlybythewilltoextendoneselfformutualgrowth.
2.WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2?
A.Howtolistenwell.B.Whattolistento.C.Benefitsoflistening.D.Problemsinlistening
Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindanger,butwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways.Youmaywonderhowpaving(铺砌)aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.Amajorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater.Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers.Itcomesfromunderground.Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepavethelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater....
Thinkingaboutthewayweusewatereverydaycanmakeabigdifference,tooIntheUnitedStates,afamilyoffourcanuse1.5tonsofwateraday!
Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolive,butthere'salotwecandotolowerthenumber.
3.Thetextismainlyabout__________.
A.WhypavingroadsreducesourwaterB.howmuchwedependonwatertolive
C.whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimatesD.howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupply
Accordingtothedesigner,theLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed,soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.Besides,itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightingstrike.EachLampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.Beinginstalled(安装)at2metersofftheground,itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.
4.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellusabouttheLampbrella?
A.Itsmovingspeed B.Itsappearance C.Itsinstallation D.Itssafety
Groupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustain(保持)ahealthylifestyle.Groupexerciseischallenging,yetfunandempowering!
Ofcourseeveryoneknowsthatexerciseisgoodforthebody.However,studieshaveshownthatwhenexerciseisperformedingroups,it'snotonlygreatforimprovingphysicalhealthbutforpsychologicalhealth.It'sanopportunitytobesocial,releaseendorphins(内啡肽),andimproveyourstrength.Additionally,groupexercisecreatesacommunityfeelandthesharedcommongoalmotivatesparticipantstoworkhard.Theinstrumentalsupportoftakingonafitnessjourneywithothersprovesmoreeffectivethangoingtothegymalone.
5.Thefirstparagraphfocuseson____.
A.thegreatestchallengeofgroupexerciseB.themosteffectivewaytoimprovephysicalfitness
C.thecontributionofgroupexercisetopsychologicalhealth
D.thesharedcommongoalinperformingexerciseingroups
AcrossBritain,burnttoastwillbeservedtomothersinbedthismorningasoldersonsanddaughtersrushtodelivertheirsupermarketbunchesofflowers.But,accordingtoanewstudy,weshouldbeplacingahighervalueonmotherhoodallyear....
ThestudyshowsmothersmatterallyearlongandnotjustonMother'sDay.Theemotional,physicalandmentalenergymothersdevotetotheirchildrencanbenever-ending,butchildrenarealsosourcesofgreatjoyandhappiness.Investing(投入)intimeforparentingandraisingrelationshipsismoneywellspent.
6.Whatisstressedinthelastparagraph?
A.Mothers'importanceshowsinfamilyallyearlong.B.Thesacrificesmothersmakearehugebutworthwhile.
C.Mothers'devotiontochildrencanhardlybecalculated.D.Investingtimeinparentingwouldbringafinancialreturn.
Foodservesasaformofcommunicationintwofundamentalways.Sharingbreadorotherfoodsisacommonhumantraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsohaveaspecificmeaning,andplayasignificantroleinafamilyorculture'scelebrationsortraditions.Thefoodsweeat-andwhenandhowweeatthem-areoftenuniquetoaparticularcultureormayevendifferbetweenrural(农村的)andurbanareaswithinonecountry.
Sharingbread,whetherduringaspecialoccasion(时刻)oratthefamilydinnertable,isacommonsymboloftogetherness.Manyculturesalsocelebratebirthdaysandmarriageswithcakesthatarecutandsharedamongtheguests.Earlyformsofcakeweresimplyakindofbread,sothistraditionhasitsrootsinthecustomofsharingbread.
FoodalsoplaysanimportantroleinmanyNewYearcelebrations.InthesouthernUnitedStates,piecesofcornbreadrepresentblocksofgoldforprosperity(兴旺)intheNewYear.InGreece,peopleshareaspecialcakecalledvasilopita.Acoinisputintothecake,whichsignifies(预示)successintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.
Manycultureshaveceremoniestocelebratethebirthofachild,andfoodcanplayasignificantrole.InChina,whenababyisonemonthold,familiesnameandwelcometheirchildinacelebrationthatincludesgivingred-coloredeggstoguests.Inmanycultures,roundfoodssuchasgrapes,bread,andmooncakesareeatenatwelcomecelebrationstorepresentfamilyunity.
Nutritionisnecessaryforlife,soitisnotsurprisingthatfoodissuchanimportantpartofdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.
7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Thecustomofsharingfood.B.Theimportanceoffoodinculture.
C.Theroleoffoodinceremonies.D.Thespecificmeaningoffood.
Ifyoucouldhaveonesuperpower,whatwoulditbe?
Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds,seethroughwalls,orhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsilly,butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.
Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.
Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess:
thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.
We'renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework,playingsports,makingfriends,seekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudo,don'tbeabystander(旁观者).Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou'reolder.Butwhynotstartnow?
8.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5?
A.Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.B.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.
C.Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.D.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.
Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedstillswimaswellaseversince.Amanwhenhegetsbackwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscaninthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"。
rememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.
9.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?
A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.
C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.D.Storiesforchildrenarceasytoremember.
Wilderness
LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedco