湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词.docx
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湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词
湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词
Mawangduiislocatedintheeasternoutskirtsofchangsha,about4kmfromdowntownchangsha,Inthepreceedingcenturies,itwasburedhere,hencethename“mawangdui”formerlythereweretwoeasternmoundsherecloselylinkedtogether.
From1972toearly1974,chinesearchacologicalworkersunearthedthreetombsofthewesterhandynastyhereandachievedtremendousresultsthatattractedwideattentionathomeandabroad.theyexcavatedmorethan3000culturalreliedandawell-preservedfemalecorpsefromthetombs.accordingtosealsunearthedfromtombno2”chancellortotheprincetochangsha”,”sealofthemarquisofdai”
weknowthatthemawangduiwasburialgroundoflicang,chancellortotheprinceofchangshastatteandmqrquisofdaiintheearlywesternhandynastyandhisfamily.
accordingtothehistoricalrecords,licangdiedinthesecongyearofthereignofEmpresslu.theoccupantsintombno3werebelievedtobehisson.unearthedfromthetombwasawoodentabletwiththeburialbate,whichreads”thefirstdayofthesecondmonthinthetwelfthyear”aftercarefultextualresearchthiswasindentifiedasthetwelfthyearofreignofthehanemperorwenci.thecorpseintombno1isthatoflicang‘wife,whosepersonalname,accordingtoanunearthedseal,wasxingzhui,astudyofconclusionthat“tombno1datesfromaboutthe6thdacadeofthe2ndcenturyB,C
alittlelaterthantombno3tombno1isthebestpreserved,andmostofthereliesshowedherewereexcavatedfromthistomb.
now,iwillintroducethisthingtoyouonebyone:
thesearefigurines162woodenfigurineswereunearthedfromtombno1and104formtombno3,theyfallintothreecategories:
attendants,musiciansandodd-jobservants.nodoubt,theyrepresentthenumerousservantsenslavedbythemarquisofdai,whichrevealtheparasiticlifeofthefamily.
now,plslookattheseinstuments,anintactzitherwith25strings,pipescomposedof22piercedbamboosticksandasetofpitchpipeswerefoundintombno1,inaddition,azither,aT-stringedharp,pipesandbamboofluteswereexcavatedfromtonbno3.strinkinglybambooreadswerefoundinside.thepipesfoundintombno3,thereisasilverypointoneachreed,whichcontrolsthepitch,thisisthematerialevidenceoftheearliestreeds,everusedinwindinstrumentsintheworld.
theseareweapons:
theywreexcavatedfromtombno3,thereare38weaponsaltogether,includingbowsacrossbow,arrows,anarrowseabbard,aweaponstand,halberds,withtheweaponofthewarringstateperiod,thebow,thecrossbowandarrowsweresomewhatimprovedsothatarrows
couldtravelfuther,alongwiththegarrisonmap.theyhelpustogetanideaofthemilitarysituationinchanshastate.
weknowthatchinaisaverybigagriculturalstate,andlonglongago,whenpeoplelivedinwesternhanperiod,therehadcomeintobeingsomewhatdevelopedcultivationandanimalhusbandry.look,allthesethingswereexcavatedfromthetombs.theagriculturalproduceincludesrice,wheat,barley,soybean,redpeas,hempseeds,vegetable;theanimalproduceincludesdeer,oxen,goats,sheep,pigs,bares,chickens,fishesandevenchickeneggs.
well.lacquerware,sobeautiful!
184piecesoflacquerwarewereunearthedfromtombno1and316piecesfromtombno3,theyincludtripodsvases,squarevases,boxes,toiletboxes,pitchers,ladles,cups,cavedcup-containers,anarmreat,ascreen,agametoolandadustpam,mostofthemrmadeofawoodbasecoatedinlacquer,andsomeofabambooorhempbase,thedesigns,eitherpaintedinlacquerorpastedorincisedwithveryfinestrokes,weredoneinsmoothandgraceful.lineswithgorgeouscolor,theexquisitelywroughtlacquerwaresindicatethehighlydevelopedstateoflacquercrafts-manshipandasidelightontheeconomicsituationoftheearlyhandynasty.now,wehaveseentheareoundpartsofthefirsthall,plsfollowmetothecentralpast.hereyoucanseethesilkfabrics.
Thetourwilltake4-6hours.Therouteisasfollows:
OutsidetheEastGate-sidetheEastGate–infrontoftheHallofbenevolenceandLongevity-infrontofGardenofVirtuousHarmony-infrontoftheGrandTheaterBuilding-alakesidewalkfromtheGardenofVirtuousHarmonytotheHalloJadeRipples-infrontoftheoJadeRipples-infrontoftheYiyunguan(ChamberofMortalBeing)-Hallofhappinessandlongevity-infrontoftheYaoyue(ChamberofMortalBeings)-HallofHappinessandLongevity-infrontoftheYaoyue(InvitingtheMoon)GateoftheLongCorridor-strollingalongtheLongCorridor-visitinganexhibitionofculturalrelics-infrontoftheHallofDispellingClouds-insidetheHallofDispellingClouds-atoptheTowerofBuddhistIncense-onahilltopleadingfromthebackdooroftheTowerofBuddhistIncense-onahilltopleadingfromthebackdooroftheTowerofBuddhistIncense-insidetheGardenofHarmoniousInterest–outsidethesouthgatetoSuzhouShoppingStreet-atopthestonebridgeinsidetheSuzhoushoppingstreet–ontheroadfromthesouthgateofsuzhoushoppingstreet-ontheroadformthesouthgateofsuzhoushoppingstreettothemarbleboat-infrontoftheruinsoftheGardenofcompletespring–alongthelakesidebythemarbleboat-boatingontheKunmingLake-leavingoutthroughtheEastGate.
(Outsidetheeastgate)
LadiesandGentlemen:
WelcometotheSummerPalace.(Aftertheself-introductionoftheguide-interpreter)Ihopethiswillbeaninterestingandenjoyabledayforyou.
Duringourtour,youwillbeintroducedtotimehonoredhistoricalandculturaltraditions,aswellaspicturesqueviewsandlandscapes.
TheconstructionoftheSummerPalacefirststartedin1750.Atthattime,theQingDynastywasinitsheydayandChinawasapowerfulAsiancountrywithvastterritories.ThemonarchinpowerthenwasEmperorQianlong.Withsupremepowerandlargesumsofmoney,hesummonedskillfulandingeniousartisansfromalloverthecountrytocarryoutthisconstructionworkinhonorofhismother`sbirthday.After15yearsandoneseventhofthenation`sannualrevenuespent,theGardenofClearRippleswascompletedandservedasatestimonytoChina`sscientificandtechnologicalachievements.In1860,thisvastroyalgardenwasburntdownalongwiththeYuanmingYuan(GardenofPerfectionandBrightness)byAngol-Frenchalliedforces.In1888,EmpressDowagerCixireconstructedthegardenonthesamesiteandrenamedittheGardenofNurturedHarmony(SummerPalace).Characterizedbyitsvastscopeandrichculturalembodiments,theSummerPalacehasbecomeoneofthemostfamoustouristsitesintheworld.
ThisisthemainentrancetotheSummerPalace-theEastGateOntopoftheeavesofthedoorthereisaplaquebearingaChineseinscriptionwhichmeans“GardenofNurturedHarmony”,whosecalligrapherwasEmperorGuangxu.Thegatethatyouarenowenteringwasusedexclusivelybytheemperor,theempressandthequeermother.Allothersusedthesidedoors.
(InsidetheEastGate)
theSummerPalacecanbedividedintotwoparts:
LongevityHillandKunmingLake.Thewholegardencoversanareaof290hectares,ofwhihthree-fourthsconsistsofalakeandrivers.Thisimperialgardenfeatures3,000room-unitsandcoversanexpanseof70,000squaremeterswithmorethan100picturesquespotsofinterest.ThelayoutoftheSummerPalaceincludesthreegroupsofarchitectures:
palaceswheretheemperorattendedtostateaffairs,restingpalacesoftheemperorandempress,andsightseeingareas.EnteringtheEastGatewewillcomethetheofficequarters.EnteringtheEastgatewewillcometotheofficequarters.Theannexhallsonbothsideswereusedforofficialsonduty.
ThisistheGateofBenevolenceandLongevity.AbovethedoorthereisaplaquebearingthesamenameinbothChineseandManchuriancharacters.ThegiganticrockintheforegroundisknownasTaihurock,orerodedlimestone,quarriedinJiangsuProvinceandplacedheretodecoratedthegarden.
Onthemarbleterracesitsabronzemythicalbeast,knownasQilinorXuanni.ItwassaidtotheoneoftheninesonsofDragonKing.Apointofpeculiarinterestisthatithastheheadofadragon,antlersofadeer,thetailofalionandhoovesofaox,andiscoveredwithauniqueskin.ITwasconsideredanauspiciouscreaturethatbroughtpeaceandprosperity.
ThisgrandhallistheHallofBenevolenceandLongevity.Itwasbuiltin1750,andwasknownastheHallofIndustriousGovernment.EmperorQianlongruledthatthehallswheremonarchsattendedtostateaffairswouldbenamedafterthem.AftertherebuildingoftheSummerPalace,thehallwasrenamed,suggestingthatbenevolentrulerswouldenjoylonglives.
Thearrangementofthehallhasbeenleftuntouched.Inthemiddleofthehallstandsathronemadeofsandalwoodandcarvedwithbeautifuldesigns.Inthebackgroundthereisascreencarvedwithninefrolickingdragons.Oneithersideofthethronetherearetwobigfansmadeofpeacockfeathers,twocolumn-shapedincenseburners,crane-shapedlanternsandanincenseburnerassumingtheformofLuduan,amythologicalanimalwhichwassupposetohavethepowertopreventfire.ThesmallchambersoneightsidewerewheretheEmperorQianlongandEmpressDowagerCixirestedandmetofficialsonformaloccasions.
Ontheverandahintheforegroundofthehalltherearebronzestatuesofdragonandphoenixeswhichservedasincenseburnersonmajoroccasions.Theyarehollowandsm