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完整版考研英语一真题及解析可编辑
2020年研究生入学统一考试试题(英语一)
Directions:
SectionIUseofEnglish
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Eveniffamiliesdon'tsitdowntoeattogetherasfrequentlyasbefore,millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavegotasharethisweekendofoneofthatnation'sgreattraditions;theSundayroast.1acoldwinter'sday,fewculinarypleasurescan2it.Yetaswereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedourhealth.Thatthis3shouldberenderedyetanotherguiltypleasure4todamageourhealth.
TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has5apublicwarningabouttherisksofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked6hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould7crispingtheirroastpotatoes,spurnthin-crustpizzasandonly8toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidencetosupportsuchalarmistadvice?
9studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno10evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.
Scientistssaythecompoundis"11tobecarcinogenic"buthavenohardscientificproof.12theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis13tofollowtheFSAadvice.14,itwasrumoredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea15.
Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe16uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?
17,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods18,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their19riskscomingacrossasexhortationandnannying.Constanthealthscaresjust20withnoonelistening.
1.[A]In
[B]Towards
[C]On
[D]Till
2.[A]match
[B]express
[C]satisfy
[D]influence
3.[A]patience
[B]enjoyment
[C]surprise
[D]concern
4.[A]intensified
[B]privileged
[C]compelled
[D]guaranteed
5.[A]issued
[B]received
[C]ignored
[D]canceled
6.[A]under
[B]at
[C]for
[D]by
7.[A]forget
[B]regret
[C]finish
[D]avoid
8.[A]partially
[B]regularly
[C]easily
[D]initially
9.[A]Unless
[B]Since
[C]If
[D]While
10.[A]secondary
[B]external
[C]inconclusive
[D]negative
11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow
12.[A]Onthebasisof
[B]Atthecostof
[C]Inadditionto
[D]Incontrastto
13.[A]interesting
[B]advisable
[C]urgent
[D]fortunate
14.[A]Asusual
[B]Inparticular
[C]Bydefinition
[D]Afterall
15.[A]resemblance
[B]combination
[C]connection
[D]pattern
16.[A]made
[B]served
[C]saved
[D]used
17.[A]Tobefair
[B]Forinstance
[C]Tobebrief
[D]ingeneral
18.[A]reluctantly
[B]entirely
[C]gradually
[D]carefully
19.[A]promise
[B]experience
[C]campaign
[D]competition
20.[A]followup
[B]pickup
[C]openup
[D]endup
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK"townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforzoz1.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin£220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,outnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain'town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabittobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.
SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asough-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:
aftertownofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollow-villageofculture?
Suburbofculture?
Hamletofculture?
Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearofculture"washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,community.groupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:
Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.
A"townofculture"couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonoringatown'speculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.
21.Copperandhercolleaguearguethata"townofculture"awardwould.
A.consolidatethetowncitytiesinBritain
B.promotecooperationamongBrain'stowns
C.increasetheeconomicstrengthofBrain'stowns
D.focusBrain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.
22.Accordingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas..
A.asensiblecompromise
B.aself-deceivingattempt
C.aneye-catchingbonus
D.aninaccessibletarget
23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit
A.endeavortomaintainitsimage
B.meetstheaspirationofitspeople
C.bringsitslocalartstoprominence
D.commitstoitslong-termgrowth
24.“Glasgow”ismentionedinParagraph3topresent
A.acontrastingcase
B.asupportingexample
C.abackgroundstory
D.arelatedtopic
25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?
A.SkepticalB.ObjectiveC.FavorableD.Critical
Text2
Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjoumalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.
Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.
Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.
InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:
eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.
Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparing
anarticle.Theserangefromaround£500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese“articlepreparationcosts”hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:
labourisprovidedfreein
exchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.
26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause
[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.
[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.
[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.
[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.
27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave
[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.
[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.
[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.
[D]financedresearchersgenerously.
28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?
[A]Relieved.
[B]Puzzled.
[C]Concerned
[D]Encouraged.
29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.
[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.
[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.
[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancia