高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习13阅读理解词义猜测一.docx
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高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习13阅读理解词义猜测一
【2019-2020】高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习（13）阅读理解词义猜测
（一）：
词义猜测
（一）
A
BothofmyparentsworkedfulltimewhenIwasalittlegirl,somygrandmotherwouldstayatourhouseduringthedays.Wewouldwatchgameshowsinthelivingroom.OurfavoritewasThePriceisRight.Wewouldcalloutouranswersalongwiththecontestants.
WhenIgotolderandstartedgoingtoschool,wecouldn'twatchourgameshowsregularly.Thatwasokaywithme,though,becausetheonethingIlikedbetterthanwatchinggameshowswithmygrandmotherwashelpingherbake（烘烤）cakes.Watchingherinthekitchenwasamazing:
sheneverseemedtoneedtherecipesbuteverythingshemadetasteddelicious.
thornypart,Iwouldcallmygrandmotherforadvice.SometimesIwouldcallherjusttotalk,too.IfeltlikeIcouldtalktoheraboutanything.
Mygrandmotherpassedawaytenyearsago,butIstillthinkofhereveryday.Lastweek,Ifoundarecipebookshemadeforme.Itincludedherrecipesforbrownies,cookies,andmyfavorite,lemonpie.AsIlookedthroughthepages,IthoughtIcouldhearhervoice.Shewastheonewhotaughtmenotjustaboutbaking,butaboutlife.
语篇解读：
文章讲述了作者小时候由于父母忙于工作，奶奶每天来照顾她的经历。
在这个过程中，奶奶教会了她烘烤和烹饪，她对此也是乐此不疲。
文中字里行间充满了对奶奶的怀念。
1．Thepassageismainlydevelopedby________.
A．analyzingcauses
C．examiningdifferences
D．followingthetimeorder
解析：
选D 推理判断题。
根据文章每一段的关键词：
“
（1）whenIwasalittlegirl;
（2）WhenIgotolderandstartedgoingtoschool;（3）AsIgotolder;（4）myparentsdecidedthatIcouldtakecareofmyself”可知，文章主要是以时间顺序为线索来写的。
故选D项。
2．Whilehelpinghergrandmotherbake,theauthor________.
A．turnedouttobeatroublemaker
B．founditinterestingandappealing
C．hopedtomakealivingbybaking
D．regrettedmissingthegameshows
3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thorny”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?
A．Basic. B．Common.
C．Difficult.D．Special.
4．What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?
A．Torememberhergrandmother.
B．Toshowhergoodbakingskills.
C．Totalkaboutherhappyfamilylife.
D．Todescribeherchildhoodmemories.
解析：
选A 写作目的题。
文章从作者小时候与奶奶相处开始叙述，一直到奶奶去世，一直在回忆与奶奶相处的快乐时光，在最后一段再次提出，现在仍然天天想念奶奶。
由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的就是为了怀念奶奶。
故选A项。
B
Languagesmaybelostthroughmigration（迁移）,aspeoplemovefromsmalltownstocitycenters,orwhenenvironmentsaredestroyedbythesearchforoilorwood.Naturaldisasterscanalsodevastatepopulations,andalongwiththem,theirlanguage.Governmentsalsoplayaroleintheextinctionoflanguages.Theneedtoestablish“officiallanguages”，foracountrytoeducateitschildrenandcarryoutitsbusiness,hadadisastrouseffectonmanysmalllanguages.
Whatislostifalanguageislost?
Somepeoplearguethatlanguagesdieasthehumanracedevelops.Obviouslytherecouldbegreatbenefitsifeveryoneintheworldspokethesamelanguage—someindustriesalreadyreflectthis,withEnglishessentialforpilotsandairtrafficcontrollers.Buttherearemoreimportantthingsthanconvenience.Aslanguagesarelost,wholewaysoflifeandknowledgemaybelostalongwiththem.
Toputitsimply,languageexpressessomethingaboutidentity,aboutourplaceintheworld.AniRauhihi,aMaoriteacherinNewZealand'sNorthIsland,sumsitup：
“Ifyougrowupspeakingourlanguage,youwon'tknowwhoyouare.”
语篇解读：
本文是说明文。
文章主要介绍了语言不断消失的现象以及导致语言消失的原因。
1．Thefiguresmentionedinthefirstparagraphsuggestthat________.
B．languagesareingreatdangerofextinction
C．animalsaredisappearingfasterthanlanguages
D．languagesaredisappearingslowerthanbefore
解析：
选B 推理判断题。
第一段罗列的数字就是为了说明科学家SteveSutherland的观点：
“languagesareinmoredangerofextinctionthanbirdsormammals”，即语言比鸟类和哺乳动物消失的速度快。
2．Theunderlinedword“devastate”inParagraph4canbestbereplacedby“________”．
A．increaseB．control
C．destroyD．improve
解析：
选C 词义猜测题。
由第四段中的“Languagesmaybelostthroughmigration（迁移）”和“Governmentsalsoplayaroleintheextinctionoflanguages.”可知，本段主要讲述了导致语言消失的原因，故由此推断，devastate意为“毁坏”。
3．Ifalanguageislost,________.
A．therewillbegreattrouble
B．thereisnoneedtoworryaboutit
C．itscultureandknowledgewillalsobelost
解析：
选C 细节理解题。
由倒数第二段中的“Aslanguagesarelost,wholewaysoflifeandknowledgemaybelostalongwiththem.”可知，随着语言的消失，与之相应的生活方式和知识也会消失。
4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A．Languagesreflectouridentity.
B．Peoplewillspeakthesamelanguageoneday.
C．Fewerpeoplewillremembertheirownlanguages.
D．AniRauhihicareslessaboutlanguagesdyingout.
解析：
选A 推理判断题。
由最后一段中的“languageexpressessomethingaboutidentity,aboutourplaceintheworld”以及AniRauhihi说的话可知，我们的语言反映了我们的身份和在世界上的位置。
C
Madagascar,anislandnationoffthesoutheasterncoastofAfrica,ishometosomeofthemostunusualanimalsintheworld.Butmanyofthesespeciesmaybeindanger.Bushesandlowlyingplantshavestartedtotakeuptoomuchspaceontheforestfloor,providingfuelforwildfires.SoscientistsareconsideringusinggianttortoisestohelppreventtheforestfiresandtherebyhelpthenativewildlifeinMadagascar.
Now,scientistsplantoship300closerelativesoftheextinctMadagascarantortoisestotheisland.Theyhopethatthesetortoiseswillspreadtheseedsofnativeplantsandchow_down_ontheextrabushes—justliketheirrelativesdidlongago.
Tofindtherelatives,scientistsstudiedthefossils（化石）ofMadagascar'sextinctgianttortoises.TheydiscoveredthattheywereactuallyverysimilartoanothergroupofgianttortoisesthatliveontheAldabraAtoll,agroupofislandsintheIndianOcean.WhenthetortoisesfirstarriveinMadagascar,theywillliveinanareaclosedofffromtherestofthewildlife.There,researcherswillwatchthetortoises'everymovetoseehowtheywillreacttothenativeplants.Ifallgoeswell,thetortoiseswillbereleased（放出）intothewild.
Similarpracticehasbeensuccessfulinotherplaces.TaketheislandofRodrigues,locatedeastofMadagascar,forexample.Sevenyearsago,tortoiseswerebroughtthere.Nowtheyarespreadingseedsandkeepingthebushesfromtakingover.IfthesamethingworksinMadagascar,thegianttortoisesmaybeusedtohelpoutotherforestsaroundtheworld.
语篇解读：
非洲岛国马达加斯加为防止森林火灾和保持生态平衡，考虑引进一种巨型龟。
1．Theunderlinedphrase“chowdownon”istheclosestinmeaningto“________”．
A．walkaround B．eatup
C．gothroughD．livewith
解析：
选B 词义猜测题。
根据第三段第二句中“justliketheirrelativesdidlongago”和第二段中的“Theyateupmanyplantsthatgrewontheforestfloor.”可推知，“chowdownon”在句中意为“吃掉”。
2．HowwillresearchersdealwiththetortoisestobeintroducedtoMadagascar?
A．Theywilldoanexperimentwiththem.
B．Theywillalwayskeepthemoffthewildlife.
C．Theywillmakethemadapttonativeplantsgradually.
解析：
选A 细节理解题。
根据第四段内容可知，在引进新的乌龟品种时，科学家们先要将它们关在一个特定的区域，观察它们是否适应当地的植物，如果一切顺利的话，再考虑将它们放到自然界中。
也就是说，要先做一个实验，观察它们的反应。
3．BymentioningtheislandofRodrigues,theauthortriestoshow________.
A．theimportanceoftheforests
B．tortoisesarewidelyspreadallovertheworld
C．itusedtohavethesameproblemasMadagascar
D．thegianttortoisescanbringhopetoMadagascar
解析：
选D 写作意图题。
结合最后一段信息可推断出，作者介绍在罗得里格斯岛上成功引进乌龟的例子，是想说明乌龟有望改善马达加斯加的环境。
4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
B．Madagascar'snativetortoisesbroughttolife!
C．Troublescausedbytoomanybushes
D．Therelationshipbetweentortoisesandforests
D
Formanypeoplewholiveincities,parksareanimportantpartofthelandscape.Theyprovideaplaceforpeopletorelaxandplaysports,aswellasashelterfromtheoftensevereenvironmentofacity.Whatpeopleoftenoverlookisthatparksalsoprovideconsiderableenvironmentalbenefits.
Onebenefitofparksisthatplantsabsorbcarbondioxideandgiveoffoxygen,whichhumansneedtobreathe.Accordingtoonestudy,anacreoftreescanabsorbthesameamountofcarbondioxidethatatypicalcaremitsin11,000milesofdriving.Parksalsomakecitiescooler.ScientistshavelongnotedwhatiscalledtheUrbanHeatIslandEffect:
buildingmaterialssuchasmetalandconcrete（混凝土）absorbmuchmoreofthesun'sheatandrelease（释放）itmuchmorequicklythanorganicsurfacesliketreesandgrass.Becausecitylandscapescontainsomuchofthesebuildingmaterials,citiesareusuallywarmerthansurroundingruralareas.ParksandothergreenspaceshelptolessentheUrbanHeatIslandEffect.
Unfortunately,manycitiescannoteasilycreatemoreparksbecausemostlandisalreadybeingusedforbuildings,roads,parkinglots,andotheressentialpartsoftheurbanenvironment.However,citiescouldbenefitfrommanyofthepositiveeffectsofparksbyencouragingcitizenstocreateanothertypeofgreenspace:
rooftopgardens.Whilemostpeoplewouldnotthinkofstartingagardenontheirroof,humanbeingshavebeenplantinggardensonrooftopsforthousandsofyears.Somerooftopgardensaresimplecontainergardensthatanyonecancreatewiththeinvestment（投资）ofafewhundreddollarsandafewhoursofwork.
Rooftopgardensprovidemanyofthesamebenefitsasotherurbanparksandgardenspaces,butwithouttakingupthemuchneededland.Inthesummer,rooftopgardenspreventbuildingsfromabsorbingheatfromthesun,whichcansignificantlyreducecoolingbills.Inthewinter,gardenshelpcontroltheheatthatmaterialslikebrickandconcretereleasesoquickly,leadingtosavingsonheatingbills.Rooftopvegetableandherbgardenscanalsoprovidefreshfoodforcitysettlers,makingtheirdietshealthier.Rooftopgardensarenotonlysomethingeveryonecanenjoy,theyarealsoasmartenvironmentalinvestment.
语篇解读：
本文主要介绍了在拥挤的城市里建立屋顶花园的好处。
1.Theunderlinedword“emits”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“________”．
A．carriesaway B．takesup
C．givesoutD．breathesin
解析：
选C 词义猜测题。
根据上文中的“anacreoftreescanabsorbt
升级会员 