北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试A卷及参考答案.docx

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试A卷及参考答案.docx

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北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试A卷及参考答案

2008年11月北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试（A卷）

　　PartIReadingComprehension（30%）

　　Directions:

Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

　　Passage1

　　Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　ScientistsinIndiahaveinventedanewwaytoproduceelectricity.Theirinventiondoesnotgetitspowerfromoil,coalorotherfuels.Itproduceselectricitywiththepowerofanimals.Indiahasabouteightymillionbullocks（小牛）.Theydoallkindsofjobs.Theyworkinthefields.Theypullvehiclesthroughthestreets.Theycarrywatercontainers.（76）Indianenergyofficialshavebeenseekingwaystouselessimportedoiltoprovideenergy.ScientistsattheNationalInstituteforIndustrialEngineeringinBombay（孟买）wonderedwhetherthemillionsofbullockscouldhelp.ManyvillagesinIndialackelectricity,buttheyhavemanybullocks.Andoftentheanimalsarenotworking.Onejobdonebybullocksistopumpwateroutofthewell.Theanimalsdothisbywalkingaroundandaroundinacircle.Astheywalk,theyturnaheavystickthatmakesthepumpmove.Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold.Scientiststhoughtthatthesametechnologycouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.Bullockswalkinacircleonlytwoorthreetimesaminute.Thisismuchtooslowtoproduceelectricity,butitcancreateenoughpowertoturnaseriesofgears（齿轮）.Alargegearsitsnexttoasmallergear.Asthelargegearturns,itcausesthesmallergeartoturn.Thatgearturnsanevensmallerone.Eachgearmovesfasterbecauseitisalittlesmaller.Thesmallestgearmayturnextremelyfast.（77）Clocksoperatewithgears.SodocarsandsodoesthedeviceinventedbytheIndianscientiststoproduceelectricity.

　　AccordingtotheofficialsintheUnitedNations,theideaisbeingtestedatseveralplacesinIndia.Thedeviceiseasytooperateandrepair.Anditcanbemovedeasily.Itcostsaboutthreehundredandsevendollarsnowtomakesuchadevice,butproductionoflargenumbersofthemcouldcutthecostofeachtoabouttwohundreddollars.

　　1.Whofirstthoughtofusingbullockstoprovideenergy?

　　AIndianenergyofficials

　　BScientistsinIndia

　　COfficialsintheUnitedNations

　　DResearchersinEurope.

　　2.WhichkindofjobthatthebullocksdoisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

　　APullingvehicles

　　BPlowingfields

　　CPumpingwateroutifwells

　　DCarryingfoodbaskets.

　　3.WhyarebullocksusedtoprovideenergyinIndia?

　　ABecausebullockshavelongbeenusedbyIndianpeople

　　BBecausebullockswalkslowlyandareeasytocontrol

　　CBecausetherearefewnon-workingbullocksinIndia

　　DBecausethereisnotenoughoilinIndia

　　4.Inthesentence“Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold”inParagraphOne,“Thissimpletechnology”refersto_____.　　Ausingbullockstoproduceenergy

　　Busingpumpstodrawwaterout

　　Chavingbullockswalkaroundtomakethepumpmove

　　Dconnectinggearsofdifferentsizestoproduceelectricity.

　　5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthedevicementionedinthepassage?

　　AIthasalargegearandasmallergear.

　　BIt’seasytouse,butdifficulttomove.

　　CIt’squitecheap.

　　DIt’sstillbeingtested.

　　Passage2

　　Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　On-the-jobsmokingisahotissueforbothsmokersandnon-smokers,andmanymanagersnowseesmokingasaproductivity（生产力）problem.Althoughsomepeoplequestionwhethersmokingreallyaffectsone’sproductivity,ithas,infact,beenproventhatasmokercostsacompanymorethananon-smoker.AccordingtoProfessorWilliamWeis,asmokingemployeecostshisorheremployerabout$5,700moreayearthananever-smoker.Thesecostsincludemedicalcare,lostearningsandinsurance.Andabsenceduetosmokingbreaksisoneoftheproductivityproblems,yetitaccountsforagreatdealofemployercosts.

　　（78）Whentheissueofsmokingattheworkplaceisdiscussed,perhapsthemostimportantproblemisthehealthriskthatsmokingcausestobothsmokersandnever-smokers.Ithaslongbeenproventhatsmokingislinkedtolungcancer.Nowmanyhealthexpertswarnthatpassivesmokingcancauselungcancerandotherillnessesinhealthynever-smokers.Passivesmokingcanbedefinedasexposuretosecond-handtobaccosmokeinenclosedareas.Anyonewhohasbeenwithsmokersindeedknowsthattheirsmokecancauseeyeirritation（刺激）,coughing,headachesandthroatsoreness.Whileeyeirritationmayseemasmallthingtosomesmokers,itneverthelessisaproblemthatoccurseveryworkdayinofficesandbreak-roomsandcanleadtogreaterhealthproblems.Employeeswhodonotsmokeshouldnotbesubjected（遭受）totherisksofpassivesmokingandneedtobeabletoworkinasafeenvironment.SurgeonGeneralKoopstatesthattherightofthesmokerstopsatthepointwherehisorhersmokingincreasesthediseaseriskofthoseoccupyingthesameenvironment.

　　6.Allthefollowingcasesareon-the-jobsmokingexceptthat____.

　　Aanemployersmokeswhileworkingintheoffice

　　Bataxidriversmokeswhiledrivingthecar

　　Caworkersmokeswhileworkingintheworkshop

　　Daworkersmokeswhilereadinginthetrain

　　7.Accordingtothepassage,on-the-jobsmokingaffectsanemployee’sperformanceintheofficeinthat_____.

　　Ahecanconcentrateonwhatheisdoingwhilesmoking

　　Bheoftengoesawayfromhisdesktosmokeinthebreak-room

　　Cheoftenasksforsickleaveasaresultoftoomuchsmoking

　　Dhetakesarestfromtimetotimebecauseofeyeirritation

　　8.Manymanagersdonotseemtobeinfavorofon-the-jobsmokingmainlybecauseit____.

　　Areducesproductivityofthecompanytoacertaindegree

　　Bdoesharmtothehealthofnever-smokersofthecompany

　　Caffectstherelationshipbetweensmokersandnon-smokers

　　Dmakesthebreak-roomsmorecrowdedandmorepolluted

　　9.Passivesmokingmeans____

　　Anever-smokerstakeupthehabitofsmokingunwillingly

　　Bnever-smokershavetoputupwiththeactivesmokers

　　Cnever-smokerstakeinsmokereleasedbyalitcigarette

　　Dnever-smokersshareanenclosedareawithsmokers

　　10.Inthesecondpartofthepassage,theauthorsuggestsbanningon-the-jobsmokingsoasto____.

　　Acutdowncostsofmedicalcareandinsurance

　　Bcreateahealthyandsafeworkingenvironment

　　Cpreventeyeirritationfrombecomingabighealthproblem

　　Dimprovethesmokingemployees’workefficiency

　　Passage3

　　Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage

　　Notallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotionalscars.Oftentheyrelivetheseexperiencesinnightmares（恶梦）.

　　（79）NowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapill,whichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.Thepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperience.Theyhopeitmightreduce,orpossiblyerase（抹去）,theeffectofpainfulmemories.

　　InNovember,expertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstopsthebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.（80）Sofartheresearchhassuggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereduced,notthatthememoriesareerased.

　　Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadidea,whileotherssupportit.

　　Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldiers’troublingmemoriesafterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories.

　　“Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.Theycomebacktoyouwhenyoudon’twanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmare.Theyusuallycomewithverypainfulemotions.”saidRogerPitman,aprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool.“Thiscouldrelievealotofthatsuffering.”

　　Butthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatitisverydangeroustochangememoriesbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity（特质）.Theyalsohelpusallavoidthemistakesofthepast.

　　“Allofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivedthatwerehorribleatthetimebutmakeuswhoweare.I’mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesout,”saidRebeccaDresser,amedicalethicist.

　　11.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

　　Aanewmedicalinvention

　　Banewresearchonmemories

　　Cawayoferasingpainfulmemories

　　Danargumentabouttheresearchonthepill

　　12.Thedrugtestedonpeoplecan____.

　　Acausethebraintofixmemories

　　Bstoppeoplerememberingtheirexperiences

　　Cpreventbodyproducingcertainchemicals

　　Dwipeouttheemotionaleffectsofmemories

　　13.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_____.

　　Apeopledoubttheeffectsofthepills

　　Bthepillwillstoppeople’sbadexperiences

　　Ctakingthepillwilldoharmtopeople’shealth

　　DthepillhasprobablybeenproducedinAmerica

　　14.WhichofthefollowingdoesRebeccaDresseragreewith?

　　ASomememoriescanruinpeople’slives.

　　BPeoplewanttogetridofbadmemories.

　　CExperiencingbadeventsmakesusdifferentfromothers.

　　DThepillwillreducepeople’ssufferingsfrombadmemories.

　　15.Theword“scars”inParagraphOneiscloseinmeaningto____.

　　Agoodstories

　　Bpains

　　Cexperiences

　　Dmemories

PartIIVocabularyandStructure（30%）

　　Directions:

Inthispartthereare30incompletesentences.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

　　16.