人教版高中英语必修一 Unit 1 Friendship Grammar教案.docx
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人教版高中英语必修一Unit1FriendshipGrammar教案
Unit1Friendship
Period4 Grammar
（DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech（Ⅰ）
整体设计
从容说课
Thisisthefourthteachingperiodofthisunit.Totestwhetherthestudentshavegraspedtheimportantanddifficultlanguagepointstheylearnedinthelastperiod,theteachershouldfirstofferthemsomerevisionexercises.
Thisteachingperiodisagrammarlesson.ThestudentsareexpectedtomakeclearthedifferencesbetweenDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeechandgraspthemainusagesoftheminthisperiod.Studentsoftenfeelgrammarveryabstractandboring,soitisnecessarytomaketheclasslivelyandinteres
ting.Examplesentencesandgrammarsummaryshouldbecarefullydesignedsoastomakeiteasyforstudentstounderstandandaccept.
Inthislesson,wewillfirstofferasupposedsituationandmakethestudentslearnaboutthedifferencesbetweenDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.ThesituationmakesstudentsknowthatwhentalkinginourdailylifesometimeswehavegottouseDirectSpeechandsometimeswealsoneedtouseIndirectSpeech.Thisistohelpthemtohavethesensetoconnectgrammarformwithrealsituationsinourdailylife.Ifwewanttoexpressourselvesclearlyandcorrectly,weshoulduseaproperformoflanguage,otherwiseotherscan’tunderstandus.Thatiswhyitisnecessaryforustohavesomeknowledgeingrammar.
Lateron,we’llshowandexplaintherulesofthesegrammaritems,thatistosay,tomakethestudentsknowhowtochangeDirectSpeechintoIndirectSpeechandIndirectSpeechintoDirectSpeech.ThenaskthemtodoexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructures,LearningaboutlanguageonPage5.Itwillmakethestudentsfurtherknowaboutthedifferencesandgrasptheusages.Thisalsocanhelpthestudentsconnectgrammarruleswithproperlanguageformssoastomakegrammarruleslessabstract.
ThenwewillaskthestudentstodoExercise1inUsingstructuresonPage42.Ifthestudentshavedifficulty,helpthemandchecktheirmistakeswiththehelpofthegrammarrules.
Tellthestudentsnotjusttolearnsomesimplegrammarrulesbuttolearnandusetheminpracticalsituations.
Forexample,myfriendsays,“Iwillcomeheretomorrow.”IfusingIndirectSpeech,youcanexpressitinmanydifferentways.
1.Ifatthesametimeinthesameplace,youshouldsay:
Myfriendsaysshe（he）willcomeheretomorrow.
2.Ifthetimehascha
ngedandstillinthesameplace,youshouldsay:
Myfriendsaidshe（he）wouldcomeherethenextday.
3.Iftheplacehaschangedandthetimeisstilltoday,youshouldsay:
Myfriendsaidshe（he）wouldgotheretomorrow.
4.Ifboththetimeandtheplacehavechanged,youshouldsay:
Myfriendsaidshe（he）wouldgotherethenextday.
5.Ifboththetimeandthepl
acehavechanged,theothershouldsay:
He（She）saidhe（she）wouldgotherethenextday.
Ifstudentslearnthegrammarthisway,itiseasierforthemtograsp.
教学重点
SummarizetherulesofDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.
教学难点
Getthestudentstolearnaboutthespecialc
asesinwhichthetensesshouldn’tbechanged.
教学方法
Discussing,summarizingandpracticing
教具准备
Aprojectorandothernecessaryteachingtools
三维目标
Knowledgeaims:
GetthestudentstolearnandgrasptherulesofDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.
Abilityaims:
Getthestudentstobeabletousetherulestoexpresstheirmeaningsandretailothers’correctly.
Emotionalaims:
1.Getthestudentsnottobeafraidofgrammarlearning.
2.Getthestudentstodeveloptheirsenseofgroupcooperation.
教学过程
→Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.Haveadictationtowritesomeimportantwordsandexpressions.
Suggestedwordsandexpressions:
upset ignore concern loose cheat reason share nature thunder entirely gothrough hideaway calmdown setdown growcrazyabout onpurpose facetoface accordingto
3.Translatesomesentencesusingthepatternswehavelearned.
Suggestedsentences:
1）为了上课不迟到，他七点钟就出发了。
（inorderto）
2）小明昨天没来上学确实是因为生病了。
（Itis...that...）
3）这小房间里太闹。
（fartoomuch）
4）那是我第一次到北京。
（Itis/wasthefirst/secondtime/that...）
Suggestedanswers:
1）Inordernottobelateforclass,hesetoffats
eveno’clock./Hesetoffatseveno’clockinordernottobelateforclass.
2）ItisbecausehewasillthatXiaomingdidn’tcometoschool.
3）Thereisfartoomuchnoiseinthesmallroom.
4）ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeentoBeijing.
→Step2Lead-in
Telltheclass:
Inthelastlesson,welearnedAnneFrank’sstory.Sheistellingherstoriestotwoofherfriends—youandMary.Maryhassomethingwrongwithherears,soyouhavetorepeatAnne’ssentences,usingIndirectspeech.SometimesyouexplainMary’ssentencestoAnne.
“Ihavetostayinthehidingplace.”saidAnne.
→Annesaidshehadtostayinthehidingplace.
“Doyoufeelsadwhenyouarenotabletogooutdoors?
”MaryaskedAnne.
→MaryaskedAnneif/whethershefeltsadwhenshewasnotabletogooutdoors.
“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary,”saidAnne.
→Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.
“Whatdoyoucallyourdiary?
”Maryasked.
→Maryaskedwhatshecalledherdiary.
...
Getthestudentstogoonthistopicbythemselves.
→Step3Grammar
1.Telltheclass:
Nowlet’slookatthesesentencesagain.IfwewanttochangeDirectSpeechintoIndirectSpeech,whatshouldbechanged?
2.Getthestudent
sdiscussbythemselves.
Perhapsmoststudentscanfindsentencestructures,tenses,pronouns,adverbialsoftimeandplaceandverbsshouldbechanged.
3.Showthestudentstheformonthescreen.Thesearetherules.
当我们引用别人的话时，如果我们引用别人的原话，被引用的部分就叫直接引语，一般用“”引起来。
如果我们用自己的话把意思转述出来，被转述的部分称为间接引语，间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。
直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：
人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
1）直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that引导。
Marysaid,“Iamveryhappytohelpyou.”
→Marysaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpyou.
2）直接引语是一般疑问句或选择疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if引导。
Heas
kedme,“Doyoulikeplayingbasketball?
”
→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingbasketball.
注意：
大多数情况下，if和whether都可以用，但后面和ornot连用时或在动词不定式前或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。
SheaskedmewhetherIcoulddoitornot.
3）直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由原句的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。
Mysisteraskedme,“Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?
”
→MysisteraskedmewhatIthoughtofthefilm.
4）注意事项
（1）间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。
HeaskedLucy,“Wherehaveyoubeen?
”
→HeaskedLucywhereshehadbeen.
Marysaid,“Whatdoyouwant,Ann?
”
→MaryaskedAnnwhatshewanted.
（2）直接引语是客观事实、真理、规律等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。
Theteachertoldhisstudents,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”
→Theteachertoldhisstudentsthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
（3）直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenmydaughtertoday.”
→Hesaidthathehadn’tseenhisdaughterthatday.
注意：
如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就没必要改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。
时态变化规律表
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般过去时
过去完成时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
现在完成进行时
过去完成进行时
一些常用词变化规律表
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this
that
these
those
时间状语
now
then
today
thatday
tomorrow
thenext（following）day
nextweek/month/...
thenext（following）week/month...
yesterday
thedaybefore
lastweek/month/...
theweek/month/...before
threedays/months/...ago
threedays/month/...
thisweek/month/...
thatweek/month...
地点
here
there
动词
come
go
Option:
如果学生基础较好，语法部分也可用英语讲解。
1.DirectSpeech
Indirectspeech,theoriginalspeaker’sexactwordsaregivenandareindicatedbyquotationmarks.
“Idon’tknowwhattodo,”saidTom.
Insomegrammarbooks,“s
aidTom”isreferredtoasareportingclause.“Idon’tknowwhattod
o,”isreferredtoasthereportedclause.
2.IndirectSpeech
Inindirectspeech,theexactmeaningofthespeaker’swordsisgiven,buttheexactwordsarenotdirectlyquoted.
Tomsaidthathedidn’tknowwhattodo.
Toconvertdirectspeechintoindirectspeech:
Ifthemainverbispasttense,presenttenseverbsin“thatclause”mustalsobechangedtopa
sttense.
Tomsaidthathedidn’tknowwhattodo.
Firstandsecondpersonpronounsmustbechangedtothirdpersonpronouns.
Tomsaidthathedidn’tknowwhattodo.
（Theword“that”canoftenbeleftout:
Tomsaidhedidn’tknowwhattodo.）
3.IndirectQuestions
Thesamerulesapplytoindirectquestionsastoindirectstatements.Thedifferenceisthatawh-clauseisusedinsteadofathatclause.
Directquestion:
“DidDick’shorsewinaprize?
”Owenasked.
Indirectquestions:
Owenaskedwhether/ifDick’shorsehadwonaprize.
Directquestion:
“Whywon’tyoumarryme?
”askedDonald.
Indirectquestion:
Donaldaskedherwhyshewouldn’tmarryhim.
﹡Intellingastoryorrecountingevents,aspeakerusingdirectspeechhasallthe
resourcesofintonationtoproducealivelyaccount.Becauseindirectspeechisalwaysreportedbysomeoneelse,theaccountismorereservedandrestrained.
“Whatshallwedo?
”askedMary.
“Don’tworry,Mary,”saidDick,“I’vegotaplan.”
MaryaskedDickwhattheyshoulddo.Hetoldhernottoworryandthathehadgotaplan.
﹡Theabilitytochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeechisausefulskillforthoseengagedintakingtheminutesofameetingorreportingonevents.
Directspeech:
“Firstofall,Iwouldliketothankeverybodywhohelpedwiththefair.Theresultswereverygood,andwewillnowbeabletobuytw
omorecomputers.”
Indirectspeech:
Theprincipalsaidthathewouldliketothankeverybodywhohadhelpedwiththefair.Heannouncedthattheresultswereverygoodandthattheschoolwouldnowbeabletobuytwomorecomputers.
→Step4Practice（Discoveringusefulstructures）
GetthestudentstoturntoPage5.Pleasechangethefollowingdirectspeechintoindirect
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