非谓语动词小结与练习.docx

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非谓语动词小结与练习.docx

非谓语动词小结与练习

非谓语动词小结

非谓语动词包括不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。

一.不定式:

不定式有两种,带to的不定式和不带to的不

定式。

1.不定式作主语。

不定式可以作主语。

但常用It作形式主语,后面的真主有两种todosth./forsb.todosth.常见句型为:

It+be+形容词/名词+不定式(但在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后不用for而用of)。

⑴Toleanoutof(身体探出)thewindowisdangerous.

⑵ItisusefultostudyEnglishwell.

⑶Itisveryimportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.

⑷Itwon’tbeeasyforyoutofindanewjob.

⑸It’ssogood(nice)totalktoyou.

⑹Isiteasytolearnaforeignlanguage?

⑺It’sagoodhabittoeatslowly.

⑻It’sanhonourtomeetyou.

⑼Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.

⑽Itisverycleverofyoutodolikethat.

2.不定式作宾语。

⑴wanttodosth.

Youmustlearntolookafteryourself.

⑵在know,teach,learn,show等词后常接带疑问词的不定式作宾语。

①Idon’tknowwhattodo.

②Hetaughtmehowtoswim?

③I’llaskhimhowtooperatethemachine.

④Youmustlearnhowtobepatient.

⑤IforgothowtosayitinEnglish.

⑥Doyourememberwhichwaytogetthere?

⑦Haveyoudecidedwhattodonext?

⑧Wehavetofindoutwheretobuyfoodcheaply.

⑶在find,think,feel,make,consider,expect等词

后,常用it作形式宾语,不定式作真宾。

①IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.

②IfinditeasytogetalongwithJim.

③Allthismadeithardforhertomakeadecision.

④Hemadeitaruletowalktwomilesaday.

⑷作介宾。

①Ihavenoideaofwhattodo.

②Hewroteabookonhowtoprotecttheenvironment.

3.不定式作表语。

⑴表示按计划安排要做的事,主语多是人。

We’retomeetattheschoolgateat5:

00thisafternoon.

⑵当主语是myjob,task,aim(目标),goal,purpose(目的),ambition(志向),plan,wish,desire

(要求,心愿),等表示“类”概念的词时,主表可颠倒。

与动名词作表语(主语也是表‘类’概念的词,主表也可颠倒)的区别,不定式表示未来动作,动名词表示既定事实。

①Hisgoalistobeascientist.

=Tobeascientistishisgoal.

②Mary’staskistosetthetable.

③Myonlywishistodosomethingforthepublic.

④Herambitionwastobeafilmstar.

①Hishobbyispainting.

=Paintingishishobby.

②HerjobisteachingEnglish.

③Herfavoritesportisskiing.

④Seeingisbelieving.(谚)眼见为实。

⑶不定式作表语与系动词之间只能加about,just,justabout等小副词。

即“be+about+todosth.”

just

justabout

“正要,刚要做某事”

4.不定式作定语。

不定式作定语常后置,与它所修饰的名词有三大关系。

主谓关系:

Sheisthefirsttogotoschool.

动宾关系:

Ihavealettertoanswer.

同格关系:

Thepoorhasnochancetogotoschool.

介宾关系:

Thereisnoroomtolivein.

(=Thereisnowheretolive.)

5.不定式作宾补。

⑴①want/asksb.todosth.

②Helikes(wants)thestudentstoeatwell.

③Mybosstoldmetotypeouttwoletters.

④Sheencouraged(鼓励)metotryagain.

⑵以下动词后接省略to的不定式作宾补。

六个感官动词:

4个“看”see,watch,notice,observe

1个“听”hear

1个“手摸”feel

三个“使,让”动词:

make,have,let

两个词组:

lookat,listento

一个help后可省可不省:

helpsb.(to)dosth.

①Didyouseeanyoneenterthehouse?

②Wewatchedthechildrenskiprope.

③Didyounoticeamancomein?

④Iheardherlockthedoor.

⑤Ifeltsomethingcrawl(ing)upmyarm.

⑥Shewon’tletmedoit.

⑦Iwon’thavehimcheatmelikethat.

⑧Lookatthegirlsdance!

⑨Helistenedtousretellstories.

⑩I’llhelpyou(to)pushthecart(车).

注意:

在主动语态中省略的to,在被动语态中一定要加上to。

主动语态中的宾补就是被动语态的主补。

①Wesawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.

(宾补省略to)

②Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.

(主补千万不能省)

③Shewasoftenheardtosingthissong.

④You’llbehelpedtofinishthetask.

6.不定式作状语。

①IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.(目状)

②I’mproudtobeaChinese.

③Iamafraidtotellher.

④Iwassorrytohearthatyouwereill.

⑤Hewasluckytofindsuchagoodjob.

⑥Thefruitisnotfittoeat.

⑦Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.

⑧Youweretooyoungtounderstand.

⑨Sheisn’toldenoughtotravelbyherself.

⑩Tobehonest,Ijustdon’tlikehim.

7.不定式的完成式,进行式和被动式。

①Iamsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.

②Iremembertohavetoldyouaboutit.

③Sheseemedtohavelostherpatience.

①Heseemedtobedreaming.

②Ireallyhopetobeworkingwithyou.

③Yououghttobereviewingyourlessonsnow.

①Theywantedtobebettertreated.

②Shewasthefirstonetobeaskedtospeak.

③Sheleftthecity,nevertobeseenagain.

④Hewassentabroadtobeeducated.

eg:

---Areyougoingtotheparty____atSmith’shome

thisevening?

---IwillifI’mfree.

A.holdingB.heldC.toholdD.tobeheld

二.动名词。

1.动名词作主语:

一个动名词短语作主语看成单数;两个或两个以上的动名词短语作主语看成复数。

①Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.

②Exercisingisgoodforus.

③Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.

④Findingworkisdifficultthesedays.

⑤Smokingmaycausecancer.

⑥Growingrosesisherhobby.

⑦Listening,speaking,readingandwritingare

thingsyoumustdoconstantly(不断地)inlearningalanguage.

It’s+形容词/名词+动名词作主语

①It’sniceseeingyouagain.

②It’shopelessarguing(争论)aboutit.

③Itwaspleasantandcomfortablesittingthere.

④It’snouseaskingme,Idon’tknowanymorethanyoudo.

2.动名词作宾语。

⑴作及物动词的宾语

①Ilikeswimming.

②Ihatelyingandcheating.

③Soyoupreferlivingabroad?

④Icouldn’thelplaughing.

⑤Wouldyoumindmovingyourcar?

⑥Wouldyoumindnotwearingthoseoldjeans?

Theylookterrible.

⑦Thebookisworthreading.

⑧Thegardenneedswatering.

⑨Yourhairwantscutting.

⑵作介词的宾语:

Stampsareusedforsendingletters.

⑶以下10个词后只能接动名词作宾语:

enjoy(欣赏),risk(冒险),finish(完成),suggest(建议),miss

(错过),practice(实践),consider(认为),

imagine(想象),avoid(避免),escape(逃跑).

①Ienjoyplayingtenniswithyou.

②Theboyriskedclimbingthetree.

③Haveyoufinishedtalking?

④Isuggestgoingbybike.

⑤I’msorryImissedseeingyouwhileinBeijing.

⑥Thegirlpracticessingingeverymorning.

⑦Iconsiderbuyingagooddictionary.

⑧It’shardtoimagineworkinginaplacelikethat.

⑨Alwaysavoidswimmingalone.

⑩Bytakingthebakeway,heescapedbeingseen/hurt.

⑷有些动词后接不定式作宾语与后接动名词作宾语的用法有所区别。

①Iliketoswimthisafternoon.

Ilikeswimming.

②Theystoppedtosmokeacigarette.

Imuststopsmoking.

③Heforgettobringhisumbrella.

Heforgotgivingmeaphoto,andhegamemeagain.

④Remembertotellhimaboutit.

Iremembertellingyouaboutit.

⑤I’lltrytoimprove.

Trydoingmoreexercises;you’llsoonloseweight.

⑥WehadsupperandwentontowatchTV.

Hedidn’thavearestandwentonworking.

⑦Idon’tregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.

Idon’tregrettellingherwhatIthought.

⑧Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.

Doingthatmeanswastingtime.(want)

⑨Shewasafraidtowakeherhusbandup.

她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

Shewasafraidofwakingherhusbandup.

她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

3.动名词作表语。

主语通常是job,interest,hobby,duty等表示“类”概念的词时,主表可颠倒。

与不定式作表语的区别,不定式表示未来动作,动名词表示既定事实。

①Hishobbyispainting.

=Paintingishishobby.

②HerjobisteachingEnglish.

③Herfavoritesportisskiing.

④Seeingisbelieving.(谚)眼见为实。

4.动名词作定语。

与现在分词作定语的区别:

凡是表功能性的,能用for解释清楚的是动名词。

asleepingboy

asleepingcar(=Thecarisforsleeping.)

sleepingbagswimmingpoolswimmingsuit

writingtablewritingpaperwashingmachine

fishingpoledrinkingwaterareadingroom

theteachingmethodsparkinglot(space)

fillingstation(加油站)

现在分词作定语动名词作定语

flyingsauces(飞碟)flyingsuit

sleepingbeautysleepingpills

thewaitingcrowd(人群)thewaitingroom

awalkingdictionaryawalkingstick

runningwaterrunningtrack(跑道)

alivinglanguagelivingstandard(生活水平)

三.现在分词和过去分词。

现在分词和过去分词都有形容词的性质,都可以作定语,状语,表语和宾补。

1.现在分词和过去分词作定语。

现在分词和过去分词作定语,通常情况是一个词放前头,一个短语放后头。

放后头的都可以改成后置的定语从句。

⑴放前头的现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别:

①adevelopingcountry

adevelopedcountry(或表完成或表被动)

②afallingleaf

afallenleaf

③therisingsun

therisensun

⑵放前头的现在分词作定语:

①livingthings

②thelivinggeneration(在成长的一代)

③aboomingtown(日渐繁荣的城市)

④increasingdemand(日益增长的需求)

⑤It’sthemostexcitingnews

⑥I’vehadatiringday.

(令人困倦的,使人疲劳的,累人的一天)

⑦agood-lookingwoman

⑧aneasy-goingman

⑨ahard-workingteaching

⑶放前头的过去分词作定语:

abrokenheartfrozenfood

alostdogsmokedfish

apollutedriverfriedeggs

ausedcardriedfruit

returnedstudentsfallenleaf

awell-dressedwomen

hand-madegoods

air-conditionedrooms

⑷放后头的现在分词短语作定语:

①Doyouknowthegirlstanding(=whoisstanding)underthetree?

②Whoisthewomantalking(=thatistalking)toJim?

③Therewere220childrenstudying(=whoweretalking)intheartschool.

④Thereareafewboysswimming(=whoareswimming)inthestream.(小溪)

⑤Thereisacarwaiting(=whichiswaiting)outside.

⑥Thegirlsitting(=whowassitting)nexttomewasmycousin.

⑦Thereisabuscoming(=whichiscoming)up.

注意一:

间或跟在名词后面的也可能是一个单一的现在分词,而不是短语。

eg:

Hewaswokenupbyabellringing

(=whichwasringing).

⑸放后头的过去分词短语作定语:

①Thebookborrowed(=that/whichisborrowed)

yesterdayisveryinteresting.

②Isthereanythingplanned(=whichwasplanned)for

tonight?

③Suddenlythereappearedayoungwomandressed(=whowasdressed)ingreen.

④What’sthelanguagespoken(=thatisspoken)inthat

country?

注意二:

间或跟在名词后面的也可能是一个单一的过去分词,而不是短语。

①Doyouknowthenumberofbooksordered

(=whichwereordered)?

②Isthereanybodyinjured(=whowasinjured)?

(受伤)

③Shelikedallthecoursesoffered

(=whichwereoffered).

她对所开的课程都很喜欢。

④Howmuchtimeisthereleft?

eg:

Atleast300millionpeopleareusingQQ____byMaHuatengtochatonline.

A.createB.createsC.creatingD.create

注意三:

现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别。

(见动名词部分)

2.现在分词和过去分词作状语。

现在分词和过去分词都可以作伴随状语。

现在分词作伴随状语与主语是一致的;过去分词作伴随状语与主语是被动关系。

⑴Tomenteredthehall,followedbyhisfather.

followinghisfather.

⑵Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,singing

laughingandtalking.

⑶Hesatatthetable,readingthenewspaper.

⑷Wespentalldaylookingforyou.

⑸Hestoodtherefortwohourswatchingthegame.

⑹Theboycamerunningintothehouse.

⑺Shewaslyinginbedcrying.

⑻Shewasinthekitchenpreparingsupper.

⑼FollowingTom,theystaredtoclimb.

⑽Travellingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.

⑾Pleasefillinthisform,givingyourname,address,etc.

⑿Igothome,feelingverytired.

①Abitfrightened,Ihandedittoher.

我略带惊恐地把它递给了她。

②Theycamein,followedb

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