跨文化交际公选课温习资料.docx

跨文化交际公选课温习资料.docx

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跨文化交际公选课温习资料

第一部份谚语翻译

不劳不获Nopains,nogains.

眼不见,心不烦Outofsight,outofmind.

有志者事竟成Wherethereisawillthereisaway.

三思而后行Lookbeforeyouleap.

物以类聚,人以群分Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.

人多好办事Manyhandsmakelightwork.

连成一气Strikewhiletheironishot.

人靠衣装马靠鞍。

Clothes make the man．

哑巴狗最危险。

Dumb dogs are dangerous．

小孩不打不成器。

Sparetherodandspoilthechild.

傻人有傻福。

Fortunefavorsfools.

熟能生巧。

Practicemakesperfect.

目击为实。

Seeingisbelieving.

种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

Asamansows,soheshallreap.

欲速那么不达。

Hastemakeswaste.

来得容易去得快。

Easycome,easygo.

艺术是永久的，生命是短暂的。

Artislong,lifeisshort.

夸夸其谈，所成不多。

Greatboast,smallroast.

有情人终成眷属。

Allshallbewell,JackshallhaveJill.

好事不出门，坏事传千里。

Badnewshaswings．

凡人皆有死。

Deathwillhavehisday.

王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸。

Everycookpraiseshisownbroth（肉汤）.

好事多磨。

Roseshavethorns.

英雄所见略同。

Greatmindsthinkalike.

冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。

Romewasnotbuiltinaday.

第二部份英汉动物词语的比喻和联想

1.Pig

eatlikeapig吃的很多,吃相不行

Hehadbeenapigaboutmoney.他对钱贪得无厌

makeapigofoneself吃得过量

pigout饭量大

buyapiginapoke乱买东西,盲目跟从

2.Snake

snakeinone’s/thebosom忘恩负义的人

snakeinthegrass阴险小人

3.Chicken

Heisnotachicken!

Hejustdoesn’twanttooffendanyone!

他不是胆小鬼,他只是不想得罪任何人。

4.Dog

Every dog has his day．人人皆有得意日.

a gay dog快活的人、好玩的人

topdog有优势的人或集体

seadog熟练的海员

aluckydog幸运的人

Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌，爱吾及犬

5.Magpie

Nowondermyphonebillsaresohigh.Whenmydaughtertalkstoherfriendsshechatterslikeamagpieforhours.

难怪我的帐单的费用会这么高，我女儿一给她的朋友打就要无停止地讲上几个小时。

Thisyoungmanisreallyamagpie.那个年轻人真是饶舌。

6.Dragon

Thewomaninchargeoftheaccountsdepartmentisanabsolutedragon.（母夜叉）

7.Bull/Calf

abullinachinashop莽撞闯祸的人

likeabullatagate狂怒凶悍

JohnBull约翰牛（英国人的外号）

calf牛犊

Whenshereturnedfromabroad,thefamilyputonaparty–theyreallykilledthefattedcalfforher.

她从国外回来时，家里开了个聚会，事实上他们是设宴为她接风。

8.Cat

Isupposeshewilltellallthepeople,theoldcat.

我猜想她会告说所有的人，那个长舌的老太婆！

Heisoneoftheliteraryfatcat.他是文学界的显赫人物。

第三部份“颜色”在语言中的运用

1.White

awhitelie

善意的假话;

white-coffee

加了牛奶的咖啡；

white-collar:

从事脑力劳动的治理阶级;

white-elephant昂贵而又无用之物;

white-flag:

承认失败并情愿停战；

white-goods:

大件家用商品，像洗衣机;

white-hope:

团队、组织等被寄与厚望的人;

white-horses:

大海中的白浪

White-Paper:

英国政府在某项法律出台前要做的打算说明;

2.Black

blacklies指“昧良心的假话”；

blackhumor,blackcomedy指“以幽默的方式对待讨厌的或是恐怖的事物,如凶杀”；

inblackandwhite“黑白分明”；

blackguard“无赖，无赖”;

blackeye指“被打成的青肿眼眶”；

blacklist指“被组织或政府列为不被同意或排除在外的人、公司、产品或国家”

blackmail指“敲诈，敲诈”；

blackmark指“记录在案的或留在他人印象中的污点”；

blackmarket指“对外币或难以获取的物品进行交易的市场的称呼即黑市”；

blacksheep指“害群之马”

3.Red

red-letterday喜庆节日

red-roll红榜

rollouttheredcarpetofsomeone隆重欢迎

beinred/gointothered;赤字,欠债，亏空

aredragtoabull指激起人愤怒的事物

see/turnred指大发脾气，盛怒

4.Yellow

yellowribbon欢迎、期待远方亲人归来之意

yellowskin是美国人对亚洲人的轻蔑的称号

turnyellow指“胆怯”;

yellowdog指“卑劣下流的人”;

yellowaroundthegills指“因病或可怕脸色变得惨白”;

yellowlooks形容一个人多疑的神情。

5.Green

greentomatoes指果实“没有成熟的，青的，生的”;

greenhand指“缺少体会的，幼稚的，不成熟的”；

lookgreen指“人脸色惨白，无血色的”；

greentourism/lifestyle指“环境爱惜的，同意环境爱惜的”

greenwithenvy指“吃醋，眼红”,不能依照汉语中的“眼红”来翻译成“redeyed”。

greenfinger/thumb指“园艺技术、种植技术”;

greenhouse指“温室”;

6.Blue

theblueblood代表着身世名门贵族

blue-collar指“从事体力劳动的阶级”

blue还表达“心情忧郁、沉闷”，feelblue；

abluemovie指“黄片”；

7.Purple

borntothepurple说明正统身世，以别于靠其他手腕取得王位的君主。

第四部份术语说明

1.Verbalcommunication

Verbalcommunicationreferstothecommunicationthatitiscarriedouteitherinoralorinwrittenformwiththeuseofwords

2.Non-verbalcommunication

Itreferstocommunicationthroughawholevarietyofdifferenttypesfsignalcomeintoplay,includingthewaywemore,thegesturesweemploy,thepostureweadopt,thefacialexpressionwewear,thedirectionofourgaze,totheextenttowhichwetouchandthedistancewestandfromeachother.

3.Cultureshock

Itisapsychologicalphenomenonthatisexperiencedmostoftenbythosewho,whethervoluntarilyorinvoluntarily,intheprocessofadjustingthemselvestoanewculture.

4.Privacy

Itcouldbeunderstoodastherightofanindividualtoself-determinationastothedegreetowhichtheindividualiswillingtosharewithothersinformationabouthimselfthatmaybecompromisedbyunauthorizedexchangeofsuchinformationamongotherindividualsororganizations.

5.Slang

Wordsandexpressionswhichareregardedasveryinformalandsoarenotconsideredsuitableforformalsocialsituationsorseriouswriting.

6.Collectivistculture

Collectivistculturesplacelittlevalueonindividualidentityandgreatvalueongroupidentity.Theyhavebeenlabeledas“we”culturesbecausebasicunitisthein-grouporcollective.

7.Proverb

Proverbsarethosepopularshortsayingscontainingwordsofadviceorwarning—areanimportantpartofthelanguageandcultureofasociety.

8.Interculturalcommunication

InterculturalCommunicationmeanscommunicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgrounds.

9.IndividualCulture

Individualstendtodefinethemselvesbytheextenttowhichtheyaredifferentfrom,ratherthansimilartoother.Peopleareencouragedtodisplayself-confidenceandassertiveness,disclosureofpersonalthoughtsandfeelings.

10.Culture

Cultureisthetotalaccumulationofbeliefs,customs,values,behaviors,institutionsandcommunicationpatternsthatareshared,learnedandpasseddownthroughthegenerationsinanidentifiablegroupofpeople.

第五部份简答题

1.Whatarethefourstagesofcultureshock?

Thefourstagesofcultureshockarethehoneymoon,thehostilitystage,therecoverystageandtheadjustmentstage.

2.DescribethedifferentwaysinshowinghospitalitybetweenChinesecultureandwesternculture.

Chineseguestsalwaysrefuseofferofdrinksorfoodtodemonstratepolitenessinseemingnottowishtoputtheirhosttoanytrouble.Sometimesanofferisnotarealofferbutapoliteremark.Afterwesay'no',weusuallywaitforthesecondandthirdoffer.Ifthehostjustbringsthefoodordrinkandignores'no',wewillacceptit.Chineseliketopresstheirgueststodrinkoreattoshowtheirhospitalitywhilewesternersalwaysacceptorrefuseofferofdrinksorfoodverygenuinely.Theirrefusalisacceptedasgenuine.Westernersdon’ttopress.Topresspeopletohavefoodordrinkaftertheyhaverefusedisfrowneduponandcancauseembarrassments.

3.WhatarethedifferencesonreceivinggiftsbetweenChineseandwesterner?

IntheWest,itisregardedaspolitetoopengiftsassoonastheyaregiventoexpressappreciation.InChina,thesituationisquitethereverse.NormallyweChinesefeelthatifyouopenthegiftassoonasitisgiven,youmightembarrassthepersonwhogivesthegiftandyoumightbethoughtgreedy.Therefore,Chinesepeopletendtoopenthegiftsafterthevisitorshaveleft.

InChina,manypeoplesendgiftswithoutwrappingthem,andiftheywrapthem,theyusuallytellthereceiverwhatisinside,andthereceiverwillthankthesenderandputthegiftasidewithoutunwrappingthemsincetheyalreadyknowwhatisinside.Englishreceiversopenthegiftsinfrontofthesendersofthegifts.

4.WhydomanyChinesepeopletendtoaskaboutage,martialstatus,andevensalarywhenfirstmeetingoneanother?

Tothem,theseareopenconversationaltopics.Knowingaperson’sagehelpsthemuseappropriatetermsofaddress.AndChinesepeoplepayalotofattentiontofamilylife,sonaturallytalkoffamilymembersfeaturesasacommontopic.Astosalary,sincethereisanationalsystemofsalaries,peopleusuallydon’tconsideritasecretandtheytalkaboutitopenly.

5.WhatisthesignificanceofNonverbalCommunication?

Thereareatleastthreereasons:

（1）Nonverbalbehavioraccountsformuchofthemeaningwegetfromconversations.

（2）Nonverbalbehaviorspontaneouslyreflectsthesub-consciousness.

（3）Wecannotavoidcommunicatingthroughnonverbalsignals.

Besides,nonverbalbehaviorissignificantbecausenonverbalcommunicationcanbeopentomanyinterpretations.

6.Howdopeoplefromdifferentculturesunderstand“silence”?

Theuseofsilenceincommunicationisdifferentfromculturetoculture.Silencecancommunicateagreement,apathy,awe,confusion,contemplation,disagreement,embarrassment,obligation,regret,repressedhostility,respect,sadness,thoughtfulness,oranynumberofmeanings.Ineasterncultures,silencehaslongbeenregardedasavirtue.Whileinwesterncultures,silencehasgenerallybeenconsideredsociallydisagreeable.TomostpeopleintheUnitedStates,silencemeanslackofattentionandlackofinitiative.TotheChinese,silencemeansagreement.

7.WhatarethecharacteristicsinnamingChineseGivenNames?

TherehaveexisteddifferencesinnaminggivennamestomaleandfemalethroughouttheChinesehistory.IfwegetdowntotheclassificationsoftheGivenNamesaccordingtothedifferentsexes,itisnotdifficulttoseethatthedifferencesmaylieintwocategories,thatis,inmeaningsandforms.Traditionally,malegivennamesusuallysuggeststeelandgreatstrength,showinggreatconcernsaboutthefateandfutureofthenation,whilefemalegivennamesimpresspeopleontheirbeauty,elegance,fragrance,loveliness,andgentleness.Showninthefollowingarethetenclassificationsofboththesexesshowingdifferentcharacteristicsingivennames:

8.Statetwotypicalsituationstosendflowersinbusinessandsocialsituations

Therearetwotypicalsituationsinwhichflowerscanbeusefultobusinesspeople.Oneistohelpestablishagoodrelationshipwithasecretary.Theotheriswhenanexecutiveisinvitedtosomeone'shouse.Itisstillmorecustomary-allovertheworld-togiveflowerstowomenratherthanmen,whoinmostcult