大学英语语法之inversion.ppt

大学英语语法之inversion.ppt

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InversionvFullinversionvPartialinversionFullinversion-Atthefarendoftheroomstoodatallpoliceman.-“Iloveyou,”whisperedJohn.-Completelydifferentisthelaststory.Partialinversion-Hehadnomoney,nordidheknowanyonehecouldborrowfrom.-Onnoaccountmustthisswitchbetouched.-OnlybychancedidIhearthathermotherhaddied.-Wereshealivetoday,shewouldgrieveatthechanges.Sentencesbeginningwithneither,nor,so,etc.-“Ididntgetmuchsleeplastnight.”“Neither/NordidI.”-“Myhusbandnevertouchesadrying-upcloth.”“Neitherdoesmine.”-Herefusedtoapologize.Neither/Norwouldheofferanyexplanation.-Allthestudentswereobviouslyverymiserable.Norweretheteacherssatisfiedwiththeconditionsattheschool.-JohnsawtheaccidentandsodidMary.-ShewasangryandsowasI.when“so”expressestheaffirmativeresponsetoothers,wewillnotuseinversion-“Youvespilledcoffeeonyourdress.”“Oh,dear.SoIhave.”-Youvespilledcoffeeonthetable,andsohaveI.（=,andIvespilledcoffeeonthetable,too.）-“ThatsIsabel,look!

”“Soitis!

”-“Imhavingatoothouttomorrow.”“SoamI.”（=,Iamhavingatoothouttomorrow,too.）-Youaskedmetoleave,andsoIdid.-Youaskedhimtoleave,andsodidI.vwhen“neither”becomesthesubjectofasentence,wewillnotuseinversion-Neitherofthemwantedtostay.vTheinversionof“nor”in“neithernor”structure-Samneitherhaslonghair,nordoeshewearjeans.-Marywasneitherhappy,norwasshesad.-Theyhaveneitherrepliedtomyletters,norhavetheyansweredmytelephonecalls.Sentencesbeginningwithnegativeadverbexpressionsvseldom,rarely,scarcely,hardly,never,few,little,invain,much/even/stillless;vPhrasesorstructurewiththeuseofno/notnosooner（than）,onnoaccount,innocircumstances,innoway,bynomeans,atnotime,nolonger,notuntil,nowhere.-SeldomhadIseensuchconfusion.-Neverinhistoryhadtechnologymadesuchspectacularadvances.-HardlyhadIarrivedwhenaquarrelbrokeout.-Nosoonerwasshebackathomethansherealizedhermistake.-Atnotimewastheentranceleftunguarded.-Nottillhegothomedidherealizethathehadlostit.-Onnoaccountmustthisswitchbetouched.-Innocircumstancesmustthedoorbeleftopen.-InnowaycanMrs.Pethersbeheldresponsible.vIftheabovewordsareusedassubject,wewillnotuseinversion-LittlehelpcanbeexpectedfromPeter.-Notasinglewordthathesaidentitlesyoutomakethataccusation.-Nohonestmanwouldlie.-Notmanypeoplecametotheparty.Sentencesbeginningwithadverbsofpositionanddirectionvhere,there,down,away,etc.-Downfelladozenapples.-Awaygoesmychanceofwinning!

-Inwalkedamandressedinablackgown.-Nexttoitstoodapileofpapercups.-AfewmilesfurtheronliestheenchantingsuburbofBalham,gatewaytotheSouth.-Overthebridgemarchedthesoldiers.-Ontheverytopofthehilllivesahermit.-Herecomesthetrain.-TheregoesthevicarSentencesbeginningwithafrontedpredicativeva.Thesubjectisputattheendofthesentencetoformafocus.-BestofallwastheChristmaspudding.-Shotbynationalistguerrillasweretwoentirelyinnocenttourists.-Standinginthedoorwaywasamanwithagun.vb.Formacloseconnectionbetweentheclauses-Hisanswerwasadisgrace;equallyregrettablewashisdepartureimmediatelyafterwards.-Herfacewasstonyandevenstonierwasthetoneofhervoice.-Ayearago,twocrashesoccurred,andmorerecentlyhascomethenewsofathird.vc.avoidtheimbalanceinstructure（thesubjectistoolong,whilethepredicateistooshort）-AttheheadwasDr.Bethuneonhorse-back,followedbyadonkeyloadedwithmedicalsupplies.-Justasfirmwasherdeterminationtotellthetruthaboutherexperiences.-Faintgrewthesoundofthebell.Sentencesbeginningwithonly+adverb,notonly（but）also,etc.v-OnlyafterenteringthestoredidAnnerealizethattherewasdanger.-Onlyinthiswayisitpossibletoexplaintheiractions.-Onlyinafewcountriesdoesthewholeofthepopulationenjoyareasonablestandardofliving.-Onlybyshoutingwasheabletomakehimselfheard.-Notonlydidweloseallourmoney,butwealsocameclosetolosingourlives.-Notonlydotheyrobyou,theysmasheverythingtoo.vNote：

if“notonly”modifythesubject,wewillnotuseinversion-Notonlyheprotested;severalothersjoinedin.InsomeotherspecialsentencepatternsvIndirectspeech-“Whatdoyoumean?

”askedHenry.（or:

Henryasked.）-“Perhapsheisntabadsortofchapafterall,”remarkedDave.-“Iamawareofthat,”repliedtheEnglishman.-“Pleasegoaway,”saidonechild.“Anddontcomeback,”pleadedanother.Note:

whenthesubjectispronoun,wewillnotuseinversion-“Whatdoyoumean?

”heasked.-“Whospaying?

”shoutedthefatmanatthecorner.“Youare,”Ianswered.vSentencepatternstoexpresswish-LonglivethePeoplesRepublicofChina!

-Farbeitfrommetospoilthefun.-Mayyoulivealongandhappylife!

-Maythebestmanwin!

-Mayhen